356 results about "Reaction site" patented technology

A method of estimating a concentration of DNA molecules in a biological sample includes storing a number of a plurality of reaction sites in a memory and distributing the biological sample among the plurality of reaction sites. The method also includes determining a number of the plurality of reaction sites characterized by a presence of one or more of the DNA molecules and computing a portion of the plurality of reaction sites characterized by the presence of the one or more of the DNA molecules. The method further includes estimating the concentration of the DNA molecules as a function of the portion of the plurality of reaction sites and computing a confidence interval for the estimated concentration of DNA molecules.

Pentapeptide compounds are disclosed. The compounds have biological activity, e.g., cytotoxicity. Prodrugs having targeting groups and pentapeptide moieities, as well as precursors thereof are also disclosed. For example, precursors having a reactive linker that can serve as a reaction site for joining to a targeting agent, e.g., an antibody, as disclosed.

A variety of elastomeric-based microfluidic devices and methods for using and manufacturing such devices are provided. Certain of the devices have arrays of reaction sites to facilitate high throughput analyses. Some devices also include reaction sites located at the end of blind channels at which reagents have been previously deposited during manufacture. The reagents become suspended once sample is introduced into the reaction site. The devices can be utilized with a variety of heating devices and thus can be used in a variety of analyses requiring temperature control, including thermocycling applications such as nucleic acid amplification reactions, genotyping and gene expression analyses.

The disclosure describes how to use luminescence detection mechanism, move microfluid, and control multiple-step biochemical reactions in closed confined microfluidic biochip platform. More particularly, a self-contained disposable biochip with patterned microchannels and compartments having storage means for storing a plurality of samples, reagents, and luminescent substrates. At least one external microactuator in the biochip system produces positive pressure and automates multiple-step reactions in microfluidic platforms for clinical chemistry, cell biology, immunoassay and nucleic acid analysis. The method comprises the steps of transferring sequentially at least one of samples, reagents, and then luminescent substrate from compartments through microchannels to reaction sites. The luminescent substrates react with probes to form a probe complex resulting into luminescence, which is detected by an optical detector.

A variety of elastomeric-based microfluidic devices and methods for using and manufacturing such devices are provided. Certain of the devices have arrays of reaction sites to facilitate high throughput analyses. Some devices also include reaction sites located at the end of blind channels at which reagents have been previously deposited during manufacture. The reagents become suspended once sample is introduced into the reaction site. The devices can be utilized with a variety of heating devices and thus can be used in a variety of analyses requiring temperature control, including thermocycling applications such as nucleic acid amplification reactions, genotyping and gene expression analyses.

This invention is in the field of medical devices. Specifically, the present invention provides fluidic systems having a plurality of reaction sites surrounded by optical barriers to reduce the amount of optical cross-talk between signals detected from various reaction sites. The invention also provides a method of manufacturing fluidic systems and methods of using the systems.

A method for functionalizing the wall of single-wall or multi-wall carbon nanotubes involves the use of acyl peroxides to generate carbon-centered free radicals. The method allows for the chemical attachment of a variety of functional groups to the wall or end cap of carbon nanotubes through covalent carbon bonds without destroying the wall or endcap structure of the nanotube. Carbon-centered radicals generated from acyl peroxides can have terminal functional groups that provide sites for further reaction with other compounds. Organic groups with terminal carboxylic acid functionality can be converted to an acyl chloride and further reacted with an amine to form an amide or with a diamine to form an amide with terminal amine. The reactive functional groups attached to the nanotubes provide improved solvent dispersibility and provide reaction sites for monomers for incorporation in polymer structures. The nanotubes can also be functionalized by generating free radicals from organic sulfoxides.

The present invention provides an apparatus for constructing arrays of DNA sequences using the image of a micromirror array projected on a reaction site using a highly uniform beam of light produced by a homogenizer formed of a prismatic refractive element followed by a kaleidoscopic element.

A flow cell including inlet and outlet ports in fluid communication with each other through a flow channel that extends therebetween. The flow channel includes a diffuser region and a field region that is located downstream from the diffuser region. The field region of the flow channel directs fluid along reaction sites where desired reactions occur. The fluid flows through the diffuser region in a first flow direction and through the field region in a second flow direction. The first and second flow directions being substantially perpendicular.

Methods and apparatus for forming conformal silicon nitride films at low temperatures on a substrate are provided. The methods of forming a silicon nitride layer include performing a deposition cycle including flowing a processing gas mixture into a processing chamber having a substrate therein, wherein the processing gas mixture comprises precursor gas molecules having labile silicon to nitrogen, silicon to carbon, or nitrogen to carbon bonds, activating the precursor gas at a temperature between about 20° C. to about 480° C. by preferentially breaking labile bonds to provide one or more reaction sites along a precursor gas molecule, forming a precursor material layer on the substrate, wherein the activated precursor gas molecules bond with a surface on the substrate at the one or more reaction sites, and performing a plasma treatment process on the precursor material layer to form a conformal silicon nitride layer.

An optical alignment system for a device for synthesizing DNA polymers provides for a patterned substrate for simple alignment of the system. The substrate may also be used for synthesis allowing precise alignment of the synthesis substrate during each synthesis operation. The patterning of the substrate may be used to promote separation of reaction sites.

The invention provides a laminated body (1) having a good workability during the production and an excellent peeling resistance, which is formed by joining a resin film layer (D) (2) comprising at least a layer composed of a resin composition (C) in which a soft resin (B) having a Young's modulus at 23° C. lower than that of a thermoplastic resin (A) is dispersed in a matrix made from the thermoplastic resin (A) and a rubbery elastomer layer (E) (3) through an adhesive layer (F) (4), wherein an adhesive composition (I) formed by compounding not less than 0.1 part by mass of at least one of a maleimide derivative (H) having not less than two reaction sites in a molecule thereof and poly-p-dinitrosobenzene based on 100 parts by mass of a rubber component (G) is applied to the adhesive layer (F) (4).

A method and apparatus for processing substrate edges is disclosed that overcomes the limitations of conventional edge processing methods and systems used in semiconductor manufacturing. The edge processing method and apparatus of this invention includes a laser and optical system to direct a beam of radiation onto a rotating substrate supported by a chuck, in atmosphere. The optical system accurately and precisely directs the beam to remove or transform organic or inorganic films, film stacks, residues, or particles from the top edge, top bevel, apex, bottom bevel, and bottom edge of the substrate. An optional gas injector system directs gas onto the substrate edge to aid in the reaction. Process by-products are removed via an exhaust tube enveloping the reaction site. This invention permits precise control of an edge exclusion zone, resulting in an increase in the number of usable die on a wafer. Wafer edge processing with this invention replaces existing solvent and/or abrasive methods and thus will improve die yield.

The invention relates to a process for the production of post-crosslinkable thermoplastic resins by bulk-polymerizing a polymerizable composition (A) comprising (I) a monomer fluid containing a cyclic olefin (α) having two or more metathetical ring-opening reaction sites in the molecule in an amount 10 wt % or above based on the total amount of the monomers or a monomer fluid containing a norbornene monomer and a crosslinking agent, (II) a metathetical polymerization catalyst, and (III) a chain transfer agent; thermoplastic resins obtained by this process; and a process for producing crosslinked resins or crosslinked resin composite materials which comprises laminating such a thermoplastic resin with a substrate at need and then crosslinking the thermoplastic resin. According to the invention, thermoplastic resins which are free from odor due to residual monomers and excellent in storage stability can be efficiently obtained by a simple process of bulk-polymerizing the composition (A). The process is not only easy and simple but also applicable to continuous production, thus being industrially advantageous. The crosslinked resins and crosslinked resin composite materials obtained according to the invention are excellent in electrical insulation properties, mechanical strengths, heat resistance, dielectric characteristics and so on, thus being useful as electrical materials or the like.

Pentapeptide compounds are disclosed. The compounds have biological activity, e.g., cytotoxicity. Prodrugs having targeting groups and pentapeptide moieties, as well as precursors thereof are also disclosed. For example, precursors having a reactive linker that can serve as a reaction site for joining to a targeting agent, e.g., an antibody, as disclosed.

The invention discloses a nitrogen-defect graphite-phase carbon nitride nanosheet photocatalyst, a method for preparing the same and application. The method includes 1), placing nitrogen-rich organicmatters such as melamine, dicyandiamide and thiourea urea into crucibles, keeping carrying out high-temperature calcination treatment on the nitrogen-rich organic matters at the temperatures ranging from 220-420 DEG C for 0.5-10 h, and carrying out cooling to obtain precursors; 2), grinding the precursors, and calcining the precursors in inert gas environments to obtain a product which is the nitrogen-defect graphite-phase carbon nitride nanosheet photocatalyst. The nitrogen-defect graphite-phase carbon nitride nanosheet photocatalyst, the method and the application have the advantages that large quantities of catalytic reaction sites can be provided by nitrogen-defect graphite-phase carbon nitride nanometer materials prepared by the aid of the method, photo-induced electrons can be trapped by nitrogen defects, photo-induced electron-hole separation can be effectively carried out, the composition rate can be reduced, and the photocatalytic activity can be improved; organic pollutants can be effectively degraded by the nitrogen-defect graphite-phase carbon nitride nanosheet photocatalyst in visible light irradiation.

The presently claimed invention provides a highly conductive composite used for electric charge transport, and a method for fabricating said composite. The composite comprises a plurality of one-dimensional semiconductor nanocomposites and highly conductive nanostructures, and the highly conductive nanostructures are incorporated into each of the one-dimensional semiconductor nanocomposite. The composite is able to provide fast electric charge transport, and reduce the rate of electron-hole recombination, ultimately increasing the power conversion efficiency for use in solar cell; provide fast electrons transport, storage of electrons and large surface area for adsorption and reaction sites of active molecular species taking part in photocatalytic reaction; enhance the sensitivity of a surface for biological and chemical sensing purposes for use in biological and chemical sensors; and lower the impedance and increase the charge storage capacity of a lithium-ion battery.

This invention concerns a sample processing device capable of efficiently recovering biological molecules, such as nucleic acids or proteins. The sample processing device is capable of placing a reaction container having a plurality of reaction sites, and it comprises a nozzle mechanism with a nozzle capable of attaching and removing a dispenser tip for dispensing a solution into the reaction sites of the reaction container and a magnetic tip for generating a magnetic field that allows magnetic beads to migrate to a space among the plurality of reaction sites in the reaction container, and a drive control unit controlling the nozzle mechanism.