156 results about "Emulsion droplet" patented technology

The invention discloses a dual-mode micro-droplet generation micro-fluidic chip and application thereof in generation of dual-emulsion droplets, and relates to the technical field of micro-fluidic chips. The method comprises the following steps: respectively injecting two different internal phase solutions from the left ends of respective iron tubes, guiding the internal phase solutions to a wedge-shaped tube orifice of a theta-shaped glass capillary tube through respective thin tubes, injecting an intermediate phase solution into a square glass tube through an intermediate phase inlet by using a No.1 needle, and injecting an external phase solution into the square glass tube through an external phase inlet by using a No.2 needle; the two internal phase solutions, the intermediate phase solution and the external phase solution converge at an inlet of the circular glass capillary tube, and after entering the circular glass capillary tube, water-in-oil-in-water double-emulsion droplets are obtained. The invention can obtain the dual-mode micro-droplet generation micro-fluidic chip and the application of the dual-mode micro-droplet generation micro-fluidic chip in generation of dual-emulsion droplets.

The invention discloses a mechanical property regulation and control method of an aromatic microcapsule, and belongs to the technical field of microcapsules. The preparation process of the microcapsule comprises the following steps: self-assembling CNC and an amino-functionalized polymer ligand on an oil-water interface to form a stable Pickering emulsion. Wall materials are deposited on the surfaces of emulsion droplets in situ, the CNC interface coverage rate is regulated and controlled by adjusting parameters such as the ligand concentration and the emulsion water phase pH value, and then a series of aromatic microcapsules with different mechanical properties are prepared. In addition, the functional microcapsules can be designed in a customized manner according to different application requirements, and good application prospects are shown.

The application discloses an incubation method of self-assembled organic material crystals based on double emulsion drops, and the method comprises the following steps: preparing W / O / W type double emulsion drops with uniform size through a microfluidic chip; during the preparation of the double emulsion drops, using a self-assembled organic material solution as an inner water phase solution, using a non-water-soluble solution as an intermediate oil phase solution, and using a water phase solution containing a high salt concentration as an outer water phase solution to encapsulate the self-assembled organic material solution, so as to avoid the self-assembled organic material from being free in the outer water phase solution; and incubating the double emulsion drops loaded with the self-assembled organic material solution. By using the concentration difference between the outer water phase solution and the inner water phase solution, under the influence of osmotic pressure, water molecules in the inner water phase solution migrate to the outer water phase, and the concentration of the self-assembled organic material in the double emulsion drops also increases, so as to promote the growth of the self-assembled organic material crystals, and finally, the self-assembled organic material crystals with uniform size are obtained in the double emulsion drops, and each double emulsion drop contains a single self-assembled organic material crystal.

The invention relates to a hydrophilic acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive. The pressure-sensitive adhesive comprises an acrylic copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol or a derivative thereof, a non-reactive surfactant and a neutralizer according to the solid content of an emulsion, the acrylic copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and a boric acid functional monomer emulsion containing a 2, 1-benzoxaborazole group. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dropwise adding a pre-emulsion, lagging dropwise adding an initiator and carrying out thermal-insulation polymerization to obtain a copolymer emulsion, adding polyvinyl alcohol or a derivative thereof at a specific temperature, neutralizing to a specified pH value, and carrying out segmented drying to form the film. The hydrophilic acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive disclosed by the invention has both hydrophilicity and wet stability while keeping the adhesion performance.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a sodium alginate / polyphenol Pickering emulsion gel bead adsorbent and an adsorption application of the sodium alginate / polyphenol Pickering emulsion gel bead adsorbent. According to the adsorbent, polyphenol particles serve as a stabilizer, light oil serves as an oil phase, sodium alginate serves as a water phase to construct a low-density Pickering emulsion, then the obtained emulsion is dropwise added into a calcium chloride solution to be cured to form gel beads, and the obtained gel beads serve as the adsorbent with the self-suspension property. The self-suspension gel bead adsorbent designed by the invention is regular and controllable in shape, simple and rapid in preparation process, low in cost and easy for industrial production, has excellent adsorption capacity on various pollutants such as organic dyes, heavy metal ions and antibiotics, is simple and convenient to recycle after adsorption, and has a good application prospect in the field of water treatment.

The application provides a miniemulsion polymer, which is prepared by a miniemulsion polymerization method through controlling pre-emulsion droplet particle size by a high-pressure homogenizer, using specific auxiliary stabilizers and specific primary emulsifiers. After the miniemulsion polymer is incorporated into a base material, an engineering material with high air tightness, high water tightness, high bonding strength and excellent durability can be obtained, which is used for the durability protection or sealing of engineering structures or the bonding between different materials, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost and outstanding comprehensive performance.

Sound-absorbing particles, a method for preparing the same and a related device are provided. The method for preparing the same includes: adding powdered molecular sieve into water and stirring evenly, and adding adhesive and continuing to stir evenly to obtain precursor slurry; adding the precursor slurry, as a dispersed phase, into a microfluidic device, and dispersing, by the microfluidic device, the precursor slurry using a continuous phase into emulsion droplets flowing in a front section of a microchannel of the microfluidic device; extruding the emulsion droplets to have a predetermined shape by adjusting a shape of a rear section of the microchannel of the microfluidic device to obtain deformed emulsion droplets; solidifying the deformed emulsion droplets by setting a temperature in the rear section of the microchannel, to obtain solidified emulsion droplets; and sublimating and drying the solidified emulsion droplets to obtain the sound-absorbing particles.

The application discloses heparin sodium cream and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of pharmaceutical preparation production. The heparin sodium cream comprises the following components: heparin sodium, propylene glycol, hydroxyphenyl ethyl ester, sodium dodecyl sulfate, glycerol monostearate and distearate, octadecanol, liquid paraffin, white vaseline and water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an oil phase and mixing an aqueous phase; taking part of the mixed aqueous phase and the oil phase to form a water-in-oil type primary emulsion; then adding the remaining mixed aqueous phase into the primary emulsion, inducing phase transition into an oil-in-water type cream under mild conditions, and obtaining the finished product after vacuum defoaming and gradient cooling. The application realizes high-efficiency emulsification under mild conditions below 80 DEG C and 3000 rpm through a controlled phase inversion emulsification process, so that the particle size (D99) of the emulsion droplets is less than 5 microns, and the problem that the active substance heparin sodium loses activity under severe conditions is solved completely, and the stability of the product is improved significantly.

This invention discloses a natural antibacterial polydopamine microcapsule and its preparation method. The shell material of the natural antibacterial polydopamine microcapsule is polydopamine, and the core material is Artemisia argyi oil. Using a soft template method with dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) as the raw material, dopamine is in-situ self-polymerized on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) emulsion droplets solubilized with Artemisia argyi oil to prepare natural antibacterial polydopamine microcapsules encapsulating Artemisia argyi oil. The microcapsules prepared by this invention are micrometer-sized, monodisperse, and have high sphericity, with an average size of 1 μm. They exhibit high encapsulation efficiency for Artemisia argyi oil, with the highest encapsulation efficiency reaching 21.5% of the total mass of the microcapsules. This invention overcomes the disadvantages of high cost and environmental pollution caused by the large use of surfactants in classic emulsions. The preparation process is simple; it overcomes the defects of Artemisia argyi oil's volatility and instability; it has good monodispersity and certain antibacterial efficacy; and it can have a potential long-lasting antibacterial effect through the sustained release of Artemisia argyi oil. The preparation of monodisperse natural antibacterial polydopamine microcapsules has broad application potential in the industrial production of aromatic microcapsules.

The application provides a nanoemulsion and a preparation method and application thereof. The total amount of raw materials for preparing the nanoemulsion is 100%, and the raw materials include the following components: 1-40% of a composite surfactant, 1-25% of an oil phase, 1-30% of a co-surfactant, and the balance of a water phase; wherein the mass of the composite surfactant is 100%, and the composite surfactant includes the following components: 5-25% of a biological surfactant, 35-65% of a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether surfactant, 1-20% of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid and / or sodium salt thereof, 1-20% of oleic acid, and 1-5% of citric acid; the biological surfactant includes one or more than two combinations of sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, trehalose lipid, surfactin, alkyl polyglycoside, phosphatidylcholine, amino acid lipid, saponin, phospholipid, or derivatives thereof; and the average particle size of the emulsion droplets in the nanoemulsion is 1.5-5 nm. The nanoemulsion has excellent recovery performance.

This invention discloses an anionic hydroxyl silicone oil emulsion and its preparation method, relating to the field of polysiloxane emulsion technology, and belonging to patent classification number C08G77 / 04. The preparation method is as follows: Triethanolamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate salt, tridecyl alcohol polyether, and deionized water are mixed and dissolved, heated, and polydimethylsiloxane alcohol is added under high-speed shearing for homogenization. Water is added and the reaction is maintained at a constant temperature to obtain a basic emulsion. γ-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane is added dropwise to react and obtain an interface-reinforced emulsion. Acrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, etc., are pre-emulsified and then added to the interface-reinforced emulsion with ammonium persulfate under nitrogen protection. Polymerization forms a cross-linked polymer shell. After cooling, tert-butylhydroquinone and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate are added to obtain an antioxidant emulsion. Phenoxyethanol and octyl glycol are added to obtain the final emulsion. This method significantly improves the thermal stability of the emulsion through the synergistic effects of composite emulsification, interface reinforcement, shell protection, and antioxidant properties, making it suitable for high-temperature environments.

The invention provides camellia oil containing nano squalene and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to camellia oil containing nano squalene. According to the scheme, a high-pressure homogeneous emulsification technology and a lipid-surfactant synergistic stabilization mechanism are adopted; the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, beeswax (solid lipid), camellia oil and rice oil (liquid lipid) are fused at high temperature to form a uniform oil phase; the interfacial tension is reduced through high-speed stirring, in the high-pressure homogenizing process, lipid liquid drops are broken to nanoscale through mechanical shearing force and the hole effect, and soybean lecithin molecules rapidly wrap new liquid drops to prevent aggregation. And finally, quickly cooling to recrystallize and solidify the beewax, wherein a crystalline region of the beewax can enhance the rigidity of emulsion droplets, lock a nano structure and uniformly disperse squalene to obtain the nano functional camellia oil. Solid lipid of the nano-carrier can form a physical barrier, the contact rate of squalene and oxygen is reduced, the oxidation rate is reduced, and the preparation method is simple in process, high in operability and suitable for large-scale mass production.

The invention belongs to the field of food engineering, and particularly relates to sphere-like starch-based nanoparticles as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: performing enzymolysis and aging treatment on sweet potato starch gelatinization liquid to obtain rod-like starch nanoparticles, and further performing cooling and aging treatment on the rod-like starch nanoparticles and a small amount of whey protein solution under a hydrothermal condition to obtain the sphere-like starch-based nanoparticles. According to the method provided by the invention, the rod-like nanoparticles which are less than 10 nm and do not have the emulsifying property are further modified and processed to prepare the sphere-like nanoparticles with the scale of 10-30 nm and the high internal phase emulsifying property, the emulsifying effect of the sphere-like nanoparticles can be compared with that of whey protein with the same concentration, and the high internal phase emulsion is small in droplet particle size, good in storage stability, low in cost and wide in application prospect.

The invention relates to the technical field of pesticide preparations, and provides a slow-release pesticide preparation method which comprises the following steps: (1) homogenizing pesticide active ingredients and an emulsifier aqueous solution to form a pesticide-loaded emulsion; (2) dissolving a biodegradable high polymer material in an organic solvent to form a coating phase; (3) dropwise adding the drug-loaded emulsion into the coating phase, and carrying out ultrasonic emulsification to form a W / O emulsion; (4) adding a cross-linking agent under a low-temperature condition for interfacial polymerization; and (5) centrifugally washing and freeze-drying to obtain the sustained-release microcapsule. The particle size of the obtained product is 80-300 [mu] m, the encapsulation efficiency is greater than or equal to 88%, the accumulated release rate in water at 25 DEG C for 30 days is 75-95%, and the lasting period is 3-4 times that of a conventional preparation. The method is suitable for slow-release processing of insecticides, bactericides and herbicides. Through a 4-15 DEG C low-temperature cross-linking process, the decomposition of the heat-sensitive pesticide is effectively inhibited, and the utilization rate of effective components is remarkably improved. A chitosan-PLA composite capsule wall structure is adopted, gradient release is achieved, a chitosan hydrophilic layer is rapidly swelled, 15-20% of the chitosan hydrophilic layer is released within 7 days, and the rapid effect taking requirement is met.

This invention belongs to the field of fire extinguishing materials and their preparation technology, and provides a fire extinguishing microcapsule and its microfluidic controllable preparation method. The preparation method is characterized by the following steps: (1) preparing fluids of each phase, (2) preparing a dual emulsion using a microfluidic device, (3) collecting and sealing the dual emulsion in a collection container, controlling the axis of the collection container to be horizontal, and controlling the collection container to rotate around its axis for 1 to 15 minutes, applying light to solidify the outer shell of the dual emulsion droplets while maintaining the rotation of the collection container, cleaning, and drying to obtain the final product. The fire extinguishing microcapsule prepared by this method consists of an outer shell and a liquid fluorine-containing fire extinguishing agent encapsulated within the outer shell. The outer shell of the fire extinguishing microcapsule has a uniform thickness, and the eccentricity between the outer shell and the core is less than 0.1. The method of this invention can achieve precise customization of fire extinguishing microcapsules according to the differentiated fire characteristics of different application scenarios, and can improve the concentricity between the core and the outer shell of existing fire extinguishing microcapsules.

This invention belongs to the field of microfluidic control technology and discloses a coaxial copolymer microfluidic droplet generation device and method with adjustable focusing distance. The device includes a focusing distance adjustment mechanism, a coaxial premixing module, and a flow focusing module. The coaxial premixing module achieves stable premixing of the inner and middle phase fluids through coaxial arrangement of inner and outer capillaries and a turbulence support structure within the annular gap, forming a core-shell structured preemulsion. The flow focusing module receives the outer phase input and performs hydraulic focusing and shearing on the preemulsion to generate uniform droplets. By precisely adjusting the distance between the two modules through the focusing distance adjustment mechanism, the focusing distance can be continuously changed within the range of 0.0-10.0 mm, achieving fine control over droplet size (260-650 μm) and shell thickness. This invention features a stable structure, precise adjustment, and high pressure resistance, and is suitable for W / O / W multiphase systems, solving the problems of limited adjustment parameters and invariable structure in traditional devices for emulsion droplet control.

The invention discloses an emulsion type movable pressure-sensitive adhesive and a preparation method thereof. The pressure-sensitive adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials: nano polymer microspheres, a soft monomer, an aliphatic ring hard monomer, a fluorine-containing acrylate monomer, a functional monomer, a cross-linking agent, a pH regulator, an emulsifier, an initiator and water. The preparation method of the pressure-sensitive adhesive comprises the following steps: 1, adding nano polymer microspheres, a soft monomer, an aliphatic ring hard monomer, a fluorine-containing acrylate monomer, a functional monomer, a cross-linking agent, an emulsifier and an initiator into 1 / 2-2 / 3 weight of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a pre-emulsion; and 2, adding the rest water and the pH regulator into a reaction kettle, heating to 80-90 DEG C, slowly dropwise adding the pre-emulsion, continuing to react for 0.5-1.5 hours after dropwise adding is completed, and cooling after the reaction is completed. The removable pressure-sensitive adhesive disclosed by the invention has the advantages of excellent water resistance, good removable performance, energy conservation, environment friendliness, simple preparation process and the like, and has a very good application prospect.

The invention relates to the field of structural color materials, and discloses polymerization-induced phase separation total internal reflection structural color microspheres as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: mixing an epoxy vinyl monomer, a fluorocarbon which cannot be subjected to polymerization reaction and a photoinitiator to obtain an oil-phase mixture; the epoxy vinyl monomer and the fluorocarbon are mutually soluble, and the fluorocarbon does not participate in polymerization; the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a first surfactant and a second surfactant into water, and mixing to obtain a water-phase mixture; and mixing the oil-phase mixture and the water-phase mixture to form homogeneous-phase emulsion liquid drops, and irradiating the homogeneous-phase emulsion liquid drops under ultraviolet light to obtain the total internal reflection structural color microspheres. The total internal reflection structural color microspheres are prepared by optimizing the composition of two phases of Janus liquid drops and introducing ultraviolet light to initiate monomer polymerization and drive the monomers to be subjected to phase separation from emulsion liquid drops, the preparation process is simplified, cosolvent dissolution is not needed, and the requirements of large-scale industrial production can be met.

The present application belongs to the field of food contact coating materials, and provides a food contact grade silicone emulsion and a preparation method thereof. The silicone intermediate with a core-shell emulsion droplet structure is synergistically compounded with a methyltrimethoxysilane surface modified silica intermediate, and combined with hydrolysis and condensation pre-emulsification, high pressure homogenization, aging, defoaming, filtration and control of emulsion droplet and particle size distribution to obtain a water-based system with stable dispersion and workability. The system still maintains suitable viscosity under higher non-volatile conditions, and after film formation, it has the performances of adhesion, wear resistance, heat resistance and stable release, solving the problem that the existing system cannot simultaneously consider high solid content, low viscosity, processing adaptability, high adhesion, wear resistance and film forming performance, and high heat resistance, stability and low release force. The present application has application value in constructing a silicone release layer on the surface of paper base material and plastic film base material.

This disclosure provides a method for detecting an analyte in a sample, wherein the sample is introduced into an analytical chamber along with emulsion droplets or gel beads. In another aspect, this disclosure provides designs for formulating emulsion droplets or gel beads such that they can be used for the large-scale parallel detection of analytes. Formulations containing specific combinations of fluorescent particles allow for the optical determination of the identity of each fluorescent particle. These combinations are based on the particle fluorescence emission wavelength, fluorescence excitation wavelength, and particle count.

The microporous noise-reducing aerogel coating material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 to 110 parts of tetraethoxysilane, 1 to 2.5 parts of hydrophilic emulsifier, 5 to 10 parts of pore-foaming agent, 0.5 to 2 parts of initiator, 30 to 40 parts of functional monomer, 5 to 10 parts of cross-linking agent and 2 to 3 parts of lipophilic emulsifier. According to the invention, a hierarchical pore structure from micron to nanoscale is constructed in situ through a one-step method. In the gelation and drying processes, the interface of the emulsion drops is used as a template to guide and form a macroporous skeleton; meanwhile, through a sol-gel process of a silicon source and volatile / reactive pore forming of an organic phase, mesoporous and microporous structures are formed in pore walls. And finally, a three-dimensional through'macropore-mesopore-micropore 'hierarchical pore structure is formed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of pharmaceutical preparations, and particularly relates to a riptacaine cream and a preparation process thereof. A part of water, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil and a part of carbomer are preferentially mixed to form a water phase, so that the operation temperature in the cream production process can be reduced, hydrogen bonds can be further formed between polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil and carbomer molecules, and meanwhile, carbomer forms a loose three-dimensional structure. When an oil phase and a water phase are mixed, homogenized and emulsified, a hydrogen bond formed between polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil and carbomer molecules can buffer pulling of a homogenized shear force on a stretched carbomer molecular chain to prevent the carbomer molecular chain from being broken. Secondly, after emulsification, a composite interfacial film of a surfactant and macromolecules can be formed on the surface of an oil phase, so that damage to emulsion droplets during collision of the oil droplets can be effectively resisted, and coalescence and flocculation are reduced. The ripropylene dicaine cream prepared by the invention is milk white paste with fine texture, the particle size range is 1-2 microns, and the character, the particle size and the viscosity are basically unchanged after a low-temperature cycle test.

The invention relates to the technical field of deep processing of egg products, in particular to egg white peptide / polyphenol / metal ion ternary synergistically assembled composite particles and application of the egg white peptide / polyphenol / metal ion ternary synergistically assembled composite particles in stable emulsions.The egg white peptide / polyphenol / metal ion ternary synergistically assembled composite particles are prepared by pre-assembling metal ions and polyphenol to form a metal-phenolic network and synergistically assembling the metal-phenolic network and egg white peptide through an anti-solvent coprecipitation method. The egg white peptide / polyphenol / metal ion ternary synergistic assembly composite particles are formed. Compared with unassembled egg white peptide, the colloidal property of the composite particle is regulated and controlled, the absolute value of surface charge is reduced, the interface hydrophobicity is enhanced, and the egg white peptide molecule conformation is promoted to be converted into an ordered secondary structure mainly comprising beta-folding. The composite particle can be used as a novel stabilizer for constructing an emulsion, and the obtained emulsion is uniform in droplet size, good in dispersity and still stable under the environmental stress conditions of heating, freezing and thawing, different pH values, salt ion strength and the like. The invention provides a new technical approach for the application of the egg white source active peptide in emulsion and functional food.

The invention discloses heparin sodium cream and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of pharmaceutical preparation production. The heparin sodium cream is prepared from the following components: heparin sodium, propylene glycol, ethylparaben, lauryl sodium sulfate, glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl distearate, octadecanol, liquid paraffin, white vaseline and water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an oil phase and a mixed water phase; emulsifying a part of the mixed water phase and the oil phase to form a water-in-oil primary emulsion; adding the residual mixed water phase into the primary emulsion, inducing phase transformation into oil-in-water emulsifiable paste under a mild condition, and performing vacuum defoaming and gradient cooling to obtain a finished product. Through a controlled phase inversion emulsification process, efficient emulsification is realized under mild conditions of 80 DEG C or below and 3000 rpm or below, the emulsion droplet particle size (D99) is less than 5 [mu] m, the problem that the active substance heparin sodium loses activity under severe conditions is thoroughly solved, and the product stability is significantly improved.

The application provides a method for preparing hollow non-spherical micro-nanoparticles based on a coaxial micro-reactor, and belongs to the field of droplet microfluidics and polymer materials. A three-channel coaxial micro-reactor is designed to generate a water-in-oil-in-water (W / O / W) double emulsion. The innermost phase is an alkaline electrolyte aqueous solution, the intermediate oil phase is a polymer solution, and the outermost phase is a surfactant aqueous solution. With the volatilization of the intermediate phase solvent, the double emulsion droplets form hollow non-spherical micro-nanoparticles. The double emulsion is placed in a collection liquid with different electrolyte concentrations, water molecules in the collection liquid penetrate into the innermost phase under the action of osmotic pressure, increase the size of the inner droplets of the double emulsion, and then change the morphology of the outer droplets, so that the non-spherical structure required is presented, and the size of the hollow micro-nanoparticles is controllable. The coaxial micro-channel reactor used in the application adopts a flow focusing structure, which is used for controllable generation of double emulsion to prepare multi-chamber hollow non-spherical micro-nanoparticles.

The invention provides a porous ceramic material prepared based on a high internal phase emulsion template method and a preparation method and application thereof. The porous ceramic material is prepared from the following raw materials: a high internal phase emulsion and an adhesive, the high internal phase emulsion comprises a continuous phase and a dispersed phase; the continuous phase is a ceramic precursor aqueous solution; the dispersion phase is an emulsifier oil phase solution; the volume fraction of the dispersion phase in the high internal phase emulsion is 74-95%. According to the preparation method, the size of emulsion droplets is accurately regulated and controlled through a high internal phase emulsion template method, and accurate control over the pore diameter of the ceramic material is achieved, so that the porous ceramic material has high porosity and high strength, and is stable in structure, controllable in average pore diameter and wide in application range.

The present invention provides methods for analyzing large nucleic acids including chromosomes and chromosomal fragments. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of nucleic acid analysis comprising the steps of (a) obtaining a sample of nucleic acid comprising at least one chromosome or fragment greater than about 1,000 base pairs in length and containing a target region; (b) creating an emulsion in which each drop of the emulsion contains an average of between about 0-2, 0-1.75, 0-1.5, 0-1.0, 0-0.75, 0-0.5, or fewer chromosomes or fragments of step (a), (c) performing emulsion PCR, (d) quantifying the number of emulsion droplets containing amplified nucleic acid from the target region; (e) calculating the ratio of droplets containing amplified nucleic acid from the target region to total droplets; and (f) comparing the ratio of step (e) to a reference ratio representing a known genotype.

Disclosed herein are novel methods, systems, and apparatuses for generating and dispensing emulsion droplets, which beneficially eliminates the use of microfluidics chips typically used in emulsion droplet generation, thereby reducing the cost and complexity of emulsion droplet generation; and improving the ease of performance, efficacy, and reliability of droplet-based assays. Disclosed herein are high-throughput methods of contacting liquid droplets with an oil to form emulsion droplets, and simultaneously transferring said emulsion droplets to an amplification vessel. Systems and apparatuses suitable to perform the methods of the invention are also provided. Droplets generated accordingly are suitable for a reaction e.g. an amplification reaction, and detection of one or more reaction characteristics or outputs. The method may be particularly useful for the formation of droplets required for amplification reactions such as dPCR.

The present application provides a scale inhibitor which can be attached and solidified in stratum and its preparation method. The scale inhibitor is composed of a scale inhibition system and water absorbent resin, is in emulsion state and can be attached and solidified in stratum. The whole emulsion droplet can be deformed according to the pore throat of stratum and is not easy to be blocked, and can enter into the production layer. The scale inhibitor has low viscosity on the ground, and after staying in the porous medium, gradually thickens under the action of crosslinking agent, can stay in the stratum for a long time, and slowly degrades after meeting divalent cations, the scale inhibitor is slowly released, the scale prevention period is long, the shortcomings of traditional adsorption type or precipitation squeeze process are overcome, and long-term scale prevention is realized after the measures on the wellbore and stratum. The superfine silicon dioxide particles suspended in the water absorbent resin can guarantee good conductivity between resin particles, the bactericide endows the product with the characteristics of bacteriostasis and sterilization, can effectively prevent the rapid degradation of the resin and prolong the release period of the scale inhibitor.

The invention provides a thymosin analogue sustained-release microsphere and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing thymosin analogue and a regulator, and dissolving in deionized water to prepare an internal water phase, the regulator being used for hydrophobic modification; mixing a high-molecular polymer material and an organic solvent to form an oil phase solution, then adding the obtained internal water phase into the oil phase solution, and homogenizing to obtain a W1 / O primary emulsion; adding the W1 / O primary emulsion into an external water phase containing a stabilizer, emulsifying to form a W1 / O / W2 pre-multiple emulsion, and then enabling the W1 / O / W2 pre-multiple emulsion to pass through a hydrophilic microporous membrane to form W1 / O / W2 emulsion droplets; the W1 / O / W2 emulsion droplets are subjected to curing, centrifugation, washing and freeze-drying treatment in sequence, and the thymosin analogue sustained-release microspheres are obtained. Compared with the prior art, the thymosin analogue sustained-release microsphere disclosed by the invention is controllable and uniform in particle size, high in drug loading capacity, high in embedding rate and capable of continuously and stably releasing for more than one month, and the drug administration and injection frequency is reduced, so that the compliance of a patient is improved, the preparation process is stable and feasible, and large-scale production is easy to realize.