The invention provides a wine bottle anti-counterfeiting system adopting the RFID (radio frequency identification) technology. The system is characterized by including RFID tags, RFID readers, a data acquisition device, a database server and RFID card readers, wherein each RFID tag is embedded in each wine bottle during production, and is provided with the only tag number. The wine bottle anti-counterfeiting system adopting the RFID technology has the advantages that each tag has the only tag number, so as to prevent modification and counterfeiting; each tag also has certain memory space for information reading and writing, so that the tag number can be encrypted in a special manner to prevent copy and counterfeiting; the RFID card readers have physical interfaces that are not directly open to end users, so as to protect the safety of the RFID card readers, and prevent people who counterfeit wine bottles from counterfeiting the card readers; and the system has the advantages of long service life, elimination of mechanical wear or failure, passive operation, operability in harsh environments, antifouling performance, long data reading distance, etc.