The invention provides a POLSAR image unsupervised classification method based on target scattering identification. The POLSAR image unsupervised classification method comprises the steps of: 1, calculating a POLSAR image polarization scattering entropy and similarity parameters of surface scattering, even time scattering and volume scattering and initially dividing classes of POLSAR images by using the parameters; 2, selecting the minimum antenna receiving power characteristic polarization of surface features mainly referring to surface scattering, and with the minimum antenna receiving power characteristic polarization as an antenna polarization state, calculating an antenna receiving power of each pixel; 3, calculating the center of each class; 4, calculating a polarization scattering difference measurement of each pixel, judging the pixel as a class with the minimum difference measurement; and 5, checking whether the ending condition is reached, and if not, returning the step 4. According to the POLSAR image unsupervised classification method based on target scattering identification, the scattering of the ground features can be more accurately described and can well correspond to the actual scattering condition of the ground features, thus the operation time of class regulation is reduced.