The invention relates to a high-gain layered lens antenna based on optical transform theory, comprising a rectangular feeding waveguide; a metallic conductor horn is connected with the rectangular feeding waveguide and internally embedded with a layered lens; the layered lens is filled with horns and each layer of the lens is parallel to the aperture surface of the horn; the layered lens is composed of non-uniform and anisotropic artificial electromagnetic material, the direction of the electric field is vertical to the paper surface and the k layer meets the following conditions: Mux is equal to Epsilonz which is equal to 1, Muy is equal to 1/Alphak<2> and Alphak is equal to 1 plus (k minus Deltak)(b-a)(na), wherein, Mux represents the magnetic permeability of the k layer of the lens in the x direction, Muy> is the magnetic permeability of the k layer of the lens in the y direction, Epsilonz is dielectric constant of the k layer of the lens in the z direction which is vertical to the paper surface, Alphak is an intermediate variable related to the k layer of the lens, n is the total number of the layers of the lens and the value range thereof is a certain integer between 10 to 50, k is the layer of the lens and the value thereof is between 1 and the total layers n, Deltak is a certain set constant between 0 to 1, a is the width of the feeding waveguide, and b is the aperture width of the horn antenna. The inclined angle Beta of the horn is between 60 DEG C and 150 DEG C. The invention has simple shape and high gain.