300 results about "Beam cross section" patented technology

A detector (110) for determining a position of at least one object (112) is proposed. The detector (110) comprises:at least one transversal optical sensor (130), the transversal optical sensor (130) being adapted to determine a transversal position of at least one light beam (138) traveling from the object (112) to the detector (110), the transversal position being a position in at least one dimension perpendicular to an optical axis (116) of the detector (110), the transversal optical sensor (130) being adapted to generate at least one transversal sensor signal;at least one longitudinal optical sensor (132), wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (132) has at least one sensor region (136), wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (132) is designed to generate at least one longitudinal sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region (136) by the light beam (138), wherein the longitudinal sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a beam cross-section of the light beam (138) in the sensor region (136);at least one evaluation device (142), wherein the evaluation device (142) is designed to generate at least one item of information on a transversal position of the object (112) by evaluating the transversal sensor signal and to generate at least one item of information on a longitudinal position of the object (112) by evaluating the longitudinal sensor signal.

The present invention introduces a new class of thin doubly collimating light distributing engines for use in a variety of general lighting applications, especially those benefiting from thinness. Output illumination from these slim-profile illumination systems whether square, rectangular or circular in physical aperture shape is directional, square, rectangular or circular in beam cross-section, and spatially uniform and sharply cutoff outside the system's adjustable far-field angular cone. Field coverage extends from + / −5- to + / −60-degrees and more in each meridian, including all asymmetric combinations in between, both by internal design, by addition of angle spreading film sheets, and angular tilts. Engine brightness is held to safe levels by expanding the size of the engine's output-aperture without sacrifice in the directionality of illumination. One form of the present invention has a single input light emitter, a square output aperture and the capacity to supply hundreds of lumens per engine. A second multi-segment form of the invention deploys one light emitter in each engine segment, so that total output lumens is determined by the number of segments. Both types of thin light distributing engines provide input light collimated in one meridian and a light distributing element that maintains input collimation while collimating output light in the un-collimated orthogonal meridian, in such a manner that the system's far-field output light is collimated in both its orthogonal output meridians. The present invention also includes especially structured optical films that process the engine's doubly collimated output illumination so as to increase its angular extent one or both output meridians without changing beam shape or uniformity.

A detector (110) for optically detecting at least one object (112) is proposed. The detector (110) comprises at least one optical sensor (114). The optical sensor (114) has at least one sensor region (116). The optical sensor (114) is designed to generate at least one sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region (116). The sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a geometry of the illumination, in particular on a beam cross section of the illumination on the sensor area (118). The detector (110) furthermore has at least one evaluation device (122). The evaluation device (122) is designed to generate at least one item of geometrical information from the sensor signal, in particular at least one item of geometrical information about the illumination and / or the object (112).

A hybrid laser source including a solid state laser driven by an array of fiber laser amplifiers, the inputs of which are controllable in phase and polarization, to compensate for distortions that arise in the solid state laser, or to achieve desired output beam properties relating to direction or focus. The output beam is sampled and compared with a reference beam to obtain phase and polarization difference signals across the output beam cross section, at spatial positions corresponding with the positions of the fiber laser amplifiers providing input to the solid state laser. Therefore, phase and polarization properties of the output beam may be independently controlled by predistortion of these properties in the fiber laser amplifier inputs.

A detector (110) for determining a position of at least one object (112) is proposed. The detector (110) comprises:at least one transversal optical sensor (130), the transversal optical sensor (130) being adapted to determine a transversal position of at least one light beam (138) traveling from the object (112) to the detector (110), the transversal position being a position in at least one dimension perpendicular to an optical axis (116) of the detector (110), the transversal optical sensor (130) being adapted to generate at least one transversal sensor signal;at least one longitudinal optical sensor (132), wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (132) has at least one sensor region (136), wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (132) is designed to generate at least one longitudinal sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region (136) by the light beam (138), wherein the longitudinal sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a beam cross-section of the light beam (138) in the sensor region (136);at least one evaluation device (142), wherein the evaluation device (142) is designed to generate at least one item of information on a transversal position of the object (112) by evaluating the transversal sensor signal and to generate at least one item of information on a longitudinal position of the object (112) by evaluating the longitudinal sensor signal.

The present invention introduces a new class of thin doubly collimating light distributing engines for use in a variety of general lighting applications, especially those benefiting from thinness. Output illumination from these slim-profile illumination systems whether square, rectangular or circular in physical aperture shape is directional, square, rectangular or circular in beam cross-section, and spatially uniform and sharply cutoff outside the system's adjustable far-field angular cone. Field coverage extends from + / −5- to + / −60-degrees and more in each meridian, including all asymmetric combinations in between, both by internal design, by addition of angle spreading film sheets, and angular tilts. Engine brightness is held to safe levels by expanding the size of the engine's output-aperture without sacrifice in the directionality of illumination. One form of the present invention has a single input light emitter, a square output aperture and the capacity to supply hundreds of lumens per engine. A second multi-segment form of the invention deploys one light emitter in each engine segment, so that total output lumens is determined by the number of segments. Both types of thin light distributing engines provide input light collimated in one meridian and a light distributing element that maintains input collimation while collimating output light in the un-collimated orthogonal meridian, in such a manner that the system's far-field output light is collimated in both its orthogonal output meridians. The present invention also includes especially structured optical films that process the engine's doubly collimated output illumination so as to increase its angular extent one or both output meridians without changing beam shape or uniformity.

The invention is directed to an arrangement for the illumination of a substrate with a plurality of individually shaped, controllable particle beams, particularly for electron beam lithography in the semiconductor industry. It is the object of the invention to find a novel possibility for illuminating a substrate (91) with a plurality of individually shaped, controllable particle beamlets (118) which permits a high-resolution structuring of substrates with a high substrate throughput without limiting the flexibility of the applicable structure patterns or limiting the high substrate throughput due to a required flexibility. According to the invention, this object is met in that a first aperture diaphragm array and a second aperture diaphragm array are constructed as multiple-format diaphragm arrays (41, 42) for generating particle beamlets (118) with different beam cross sections, and at least three multibeam deflector arrays (51, 52, 53) for individual deflection of the particle beamlets (118) are associated with the first multiple-format diaphragm array (41) and with the second multiple-format diaphragm array (42), wherein at least one multibeam deflector array (51) is arranged between the first multiple-format diaphragm array (41) and the second multiple-format diaphragm array (42) in order to generate different cross sections of the particle beamlets (118), at least a second multibeam deflector array (52) is arranged in the vicinity of the second multiple-format diaphragm array (42) in order to blank or deflect individual particle beamlets (118) into individual crossovers, and at least a third multibeam deflector array (53) is arranged downstream of the second multiple-format diaphragm array (42) at a distance of 10-20% of the distance to the next crossover (112) in order to generate different positions of the particle beamlets (118) on the substrate (91).

A laser beam source and an operating method thereof is provided for a directional infrared countermeasures (DIRCM) weapon system for defensively countering guided missiles having infrared seeking heads, by directing an infrared laser beam at the guided missile so as to disorient, saturate, or irreversibly destroy the IR detectors and circuitry arranged in the target seeking head. The power, pulse frequency and spectral composition of the laser beam is adjustable and selectable as required to adapt to any particular defensive engagement. To achieve this, the laser beam source comprises an Nd:YAG pumping laser and an optical parametric oscillator including an oscillator crystal arranged in a resonator cavity. The crystal includes a plurality of different periodically polarized crystal zones having different lattice constants. The adjacent zones can be grouped together into selectable crystal zone groups. The beam cross-section of the pumping laser beam corresponds to the cross-section of a single crystal zone or of a crystal zone group encompassing plural zones. The crystal is arranged on a slide table that is slidably displaceable by a servomotor, to move a selected crystal zone or group into the path of the pumping laser beam. Thereby the wavelength components and the relative intensities thereof of the output laser beam can easily be selectively adjusted.

The invention relates to RF voltage-operated ion guides based on stacked apertured diaphragms. The invention provides ion guides consisting of diaphragm stacks that permit the ion beam to be shaped in cross-section so that it corresponds to the acceptance profile of the subsequent section of the device, therefore yielding optimal ion transmission. For this purpose, at least some of the diaphragms in the diaphragm stacks do not have circular openings, but instead have openings which shape the cross section of the emerging ion beam in the desired manner. It is possible, for instance, to obtain elliptical beam cross sections, divided beams or beams focused to the shape of a fine thread at the output of the diaphragm stacks.

A detector (118) for determining a position of at least one object (112) is disclosed, the detector (118) comprising:at least one longitudinal optical sensor (120), wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (120) has at least one sensor region (124), wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (120) is at least partially transparent, wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (120) is designed to generate at least one longitudinal sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region (124) by at least one light beam (126) traveling from the object (112) to the detector (118), wherein the longitudinal sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a beam cross-section of the light beam (126) in the sensor region (124);at least one illumination source (114) adapted to illuminate the object (112) with illumination light (115) through the longitudinal optical sensor (120); andat least one evaluation device (136), wherein the evaluation device (136) is designed to generate at least one item of information on a longitudinal position of the object (112) by evaluating the longitudinal sensor signal.

Speckle of a laser beam is reduced by inserting an anti-speckle apparatus in the beam path to disrupt its spatial coherence while maintaining its temporal coherence. In one embodiment, the anti-speckle apparatus is a phase retarder plate bearing periodic optically-coated regions. Transmission or reflection of the beam through coated and uncoated regions causes an internal phase shift of first beam portions relative to second beam portions, thereby disrupting spatial coherence. Size and thickness of the coated regions can be carefully tailored to meet requirements of stepper and scanner equipment manufacturers for maximum allowable spatial coherence expressed as a minimum permissible number of coherent cells across the beam cross-section. An alternative embodiment of an anti-speckle apparatus is a scattering plate bearing a roughened surface. Transmission or reflection of the beam by the roughened surface disrupts the beam's spatial coherence. The correlation length and / or surface height of structures on the roughened surface of the scattering plate may be adjusted to achieve desired divergency and spatial coherence. A liquid matching medium or solid overcoating may be contacted with the roughened surface to adjust the index of refraction at the interface with the roughened surface. The anti-speckle apparatus may serve to outcouple the laser beam, as well, and a fly eye lens may be positioned after the anti-speckle appartus.

A novel method and mass spectrometer apparatus is introduced to spatially and temporally resolve images of one or more ion exit patterns of a multipole instrument. In particular, the methods and structures of the present invention measures the ion current as a function of time and spatial displacement in the beam cross-section of a quadrupole mass filter via an arrayed detector. The linearity of the detected quadrupole ion current in combination with it reproducible spatial-temporal structure enables the deconvolution of the contributions of signals from individual ion species in complex mixtures where both sensitivity and mass resolving power are essential.

Working range and beam cross-section are adjusted in an electro-optical reader for reading indicia by applying voltages to electrodes in one or more liquid crystal lenses in which the index of refraction is changed.

A method of manufacturing a collimator including providing a plate-like body, coating a predetermined portion of a surface of the body with an x-ray absorbing material, and machining at least one collimating slit through the coating and the plate-like body. According to one exemplary embodiment, the coating is applied through a thermal spray process. According to another exemplary embodiment, wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) is used to machine the collimating slits. A collimator manufactured in accordance with the presently disclosed method produces precise energy beam cross-sections, yet is less expensive to manufacture.

Nanofocus x-ray tube, includes a target, and a device for directing an electron beam onto the target. The target includes at least one target element made of a target material for generating x-rays, the at least one target element including a nanostructure having a diameter ≦about 1000 nm. The nanostructure is formed by a microstructuring procedure on a substrate element made of a substrate material, and the target element only partly covers the substrate element. The electron beam cross-section of the x-ray tube, in use, is selected to be sufficiently larger than the cross-section of the target element, such that the electron beam always irradiates the entire surface of the target element. Still further, the substrate material may be diamond, or the substrate material may include diamond, and being doped to raise the electrical conductivity.

A detector (110) for determining a position of at least one object (112), the detector (110) comprising: at least one GP transfer device (114) for imaging the object (112) into an image plane (116), the transfer device (114) having a focal plane (118), at least one longitudinal optical sensor (122), wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (122) has at least one sensor region (124), wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (122) is at least partially transparent, wherein the longitudinal optical sensor (122) is designed to generate at least one longitudinal sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of sensor region (124) by at least one light beam propagating from the object to the detector (110), wherein the longitudinal sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a beam cross-section of the light beam in the sensor region (124); and at least one evaluation device (129), wherein the evaluation device (129) is designed to generate at least one item of information on a longitudinal position of the object (112) by evaluating the longitudinal sensor signal. Herein the at least one longitudinal optical sensor (122) comprises a focal longitudinal optical sensor (136), wherein the focal longitudinal optical sensor (136) at least substantially is arranged in the focal plane (118).

The invention relates to RF voltage-operated ion guides based on stacked apertured diaphragms. The invention provides ion guides consisting of diaphragm stacks that permit the ion beam to be shaped in cross-section so that it corresponds to the acceptance profile of the subsequent section of the device, therefore yielding optimal ion transmission. For this purpose, at least some of the diaphragms in the diaphragm stacks do not have circular openings, but instead have openings which shape the cross section of the emerging ion beam in the desired manner. It is possible, for instance, to obtain elliptical beam cross sections, divided beams or beams focused to the shape of a fine thread at the output of the diaphragm stacks.

A hybrid laser source including a solid state laser driven by an array of fiber laser amplifiers, the inputs of which are controllable in phase and polarization, to compensate for distortions that arise in the solid state laser, or to achieve desired output beam properties relating to direction or focus. The output beam is sampled and compared with a reference beam to obtain phase and polarization difference signals across the output beam cross section, at spatial positions corresponding with the positions of the fiber laser amplifiers providing input to the solid state laser. Therefore, phase and polarization properties of the output beam may be independently controlled by predistortion of these properties in the fiber laser amplifier inputs.

Working range and laser beam cross-section are adjusted in an electro-optical reader for reading indicia by applying control voltages to a pair of variable lenses to change the shape of a liquid therein. An aperture stop maintains a constant beam cross-section as an input to one of the lenses.

The invention relates to a calculation method of ultimate bending capacity of reinforced severe damage beam with fiber reinforced polymer, comprising the steps of the geometrical relationship that S1, going through the cross section of beam strain, the material stress- strain relationship, the establishment of mechanical model, calculating the relative compression zone height; S2, reducing the compressive strength of the concrete in the compression zone; S3, adopting the axial compressive strength of the concrete after the reduction, according to the above steps to recalculate the height of the compression zone; S4, calculating the ultimate bending moment; and S5, calculating the ultimate bending load capacity. The invention provides a prediction for the design and research of the ultimate flexural capacity of the RC beam with a single section of the reinforced concrete with a single rib, and saves the measured cost and a lot of test timeso as to make the ultimate bearing capacity of the reinforcement structure design more accurate;accurately calculating the ultimate bending capacity of the reinforced beam, which makes the engineering and technical personnel more accurate and convenient to control the loading process of the fiber reinforced concrete beam; The method has great economic benefit.

A detector for optical detection of at least one object includes: at least one illumination source to emit at least one first and second light beams, with different opening angles; at least one longitudinal optical sensor including at least one sensor region and configured to generate at least one longitudinal sensor signal dependent on an illumination of the sensor region by a light beam, and dependent on a beam cross-section of the light beam; and at least one evaluation device configured to differentiate the longitudinal sensor signal of the longitudinal optical sensor into first and second longitudinal sensor signals dependent on the illumination of the sensor region by the first and second light beams, and configured to generate at least one item of information on a longitudinal position of the object by evaluating the first longitudinal sensor signal and the second longitudinal sensor signal.

A verification device (110) for verifying the identity of an article (114) is disclosed. The verification device (110) comprises: at least one illumination source (116) for illuminating at least one safety mark (124) of the article (114) with at least one light beam (122); at least one detector (118) adapted for detecting after an interaction of the light beam (122) with the safety mark (124), the detector (118) having at least one optical sensor (128), wherein the optical sensor (128) has at least one sensor region (130), wherein the optical sensor (128) is designed to generate at least one sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region (130) by the light beam (122), wherein the sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a beam cross-section of the light beam (122) in the sensor region (130); and at least one evaluation device (120) adapted for evaluating the sensor signal and for verifying the identity of the article (114) on the basis of the sensor signal. Further, a verification system (112), a method for verifying the identity of an article (114) and a use of an optical sensor (128) for verifying the identity of an article (114) are disclosed.

The invention relates to an integral two-way partial one-way steel-concrete composite floor and a construction method thereof, belonging to the field of structural engineering. The invention consists of an integral two-way steel main girder, a local one-way steel secondary girder and a concrete slab. The two-way steel main girder is an I-shaped section or a box-shaped section; the local one-way steel secondary beam is an I-shaped section; The upper flanges of main beams and unidirectional steel secondary beams cover the grids between steel beams. The overall two-way partial one-way steel-concrete composite floor of the present invention can fully exert the material characteristics through the combination effect, and realize the force effect of the overall two-way support. On the basis of ensuring the mechanical performance of the structure, the number of nodes is reduced to further facilitate the construction of the steel structure.

Working range and beam cross-section are adjusted in an electro-optical reader for reading indicia by applying voltages to electrodes in one or more liquid crystal zone plates in which the index of refraction is changed in different regions of each zone plate.

A detector for determining a position of at least one object, in particular for 3D-sensing concepts, is disclosed. The detector comprises a longitudinal optical sensor (110) for determining a longitudinal position of an object by a light beam traveling from the object to the detector and a transversal optical detector (112) which may be designed as an imaging device or a position sensitive detector. The longitudinal sensor (110) has at least two PN structures or PIN structures (138, 140). Each of the PN structures or PIN structures is located between two electrode layers (144), thereby forming photodiodes (146) having a longitudinal sensor region (148) each. Longitudinal sensor signals from the photodiodes (146) are, given the same total power of illumination, are dependent on a beam cross-section of the light beam in the longitudinal sensor regions (148). As an alternative, instead of the transversal optical detector (112) the photodiodes (146) of the longitudinal optical sensor (110) may be adapted to operate as one-dimensional position sensitive detectors each, for determining a transversal x-coordinate and a transversal y-coordinate, respectively.

A method for improving the stability of U-shaped steel arch support and a connecting component, which are used in the field of roadway excavation support. The retractable support must rely on the friction of the overlapping section to conduct the support, and the failure of the card to loosen accounts for 50% of the accident rate. According to the principle of mechanics, any roadway section, regardless of whether the shape of the arch frame is closed or not, when the steel section is determined, the longer the connection with the card, the more complete, the lower the critical load, and even the overall strength of the material fails due to local weakness. Steady and crumbling. The new method enhances the critical load and support through comprehensive measures such as local reinforcement with moderately variable cross-section to increase the moment of inertia of the weakest part, effective fractured top-to-top connection at the part with large curvature, and mutual pulling between the supports. overall stability. Based on this method, technology and the internal force characteristics of the arch under pressure, several sets of special connecting components are designed. The new method can reduce support accidents, increase shed spacing, reduce support strength and greatly reduce steel consumption.