Disclosed is a rotor unmanned aircraft independent take-off and landing system based on three-layer triangle multi-color landing ground. The system comprises a small rotor unmanned aircraft (SRUA), an onboard sensor, a data processing unit, a flight control system, an onboard camera, landing ground, a wireless image transmission module, a wireless data transmission module and a ground monitor station, wherein the onboard sensor comprises an inertial measurement unit, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, a barometer, an ultrasound device and the like, the data processing unit is used for integrating sensor data, the flight control system finishes route planning to achieve high accuracy control over the SRUA, the onboard camera is used for collecting images of the landing ground, the landing ground is a specially designed landing point for an unmanned aircraft, the wireless image transmission module can transmit the images to a ground station, the wireless data transmission module can achieve communication of data and instructions between the unmanned aircraft and the ground station, and the ground station is composed of a visual processing unit and a display terminal. According to the rotor unmanned aircraft independent take-off and landing system based on the three-layer triangle multi-color landing ground, the reliability of SRUA navigation messages is guaranteed, the control accuracy of the SRUA is increased, costs are low, the application is convenient, and important engineering values can be achieved.