49 results about "Electron transfer mediator" patented technology

Sensors (10, 110, 210, 310, 410) and a method for detecting an analyte are described. Sensors (10, 110, 210, 310, 410) each have a volume of a hydrophilic medium (24) that retains an amount of analyte proportionate to the concentration of analyte in a biological fluid, electrodes (12) and a redox enzyme in contact with medium (24), and an electron transfer mediator. The fluid contacts sensors (10, 110, 210, 310, 410) and at initially predetermined intervals intermittently applies a potential to electrode (12) sufficient to oxidize the mediator and sensing current through electrode (12) as a function of the duration of the applied potential. The applied mediator oxidizing applied potential is maintained for a period of time sufficient to determine the rate of change of current with time through electrode (12). The current flow is correlated with the current flow for known concentrations of the analyte in medium (24).

There is provided the reagent layer composition that can substantially reduce the measurement bias arising from hematocrits. The addition of fatty acid (4-20 carbons) and quaternary ammonium salt to a commonly used reagent layer composition composed of an enzyme, an electron transfer mediator, and several water soluble polymers not only reduce the hematocrit level-dependent bias but also provide very stable performance for an extended period of time. Disclosed are also various types of sub microliter sample volume electrochemical biosensors that are suitable to use with the reagent layer composition of present invention.

A sensor is provided for the determination of various concentrations of one or more components within a fluid sample. The sensor includes an injection molded body, at least two electrodes, an enzyme, and if desired, an electron transfer mediator. The body includes a reaction zone for receiving a fluid sample. The electrodes are at least partially embedded within the plastic body and extend into the reaction zone. Also contained within the reaction zone is an enzyme capable of catalyzing a reaction involving a compound within the fluid sample. Additionally, the sensor incorporates fill detection which activates a meter, attached to the sensor, for measuring the electrochemical changes occurring in the reaction zone.

Disclosed herein is a method for measuring blood glucose levels, using an electrochemical biosensor provided with a converse-type thin-layer electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell comprising: a working electrode formed on a flat insulating substrate; an auxiliary electrode formed on a separate flat insulating substrate so as to face the working electrode; a fluidity-determining electrode, formed at a predetermined distance from the working electrode on the flat insulating substrate used for the working electrode or the auxiliary electrode; an adhesive spacer, provided with a sample-introducing part having a micro-passage, for spatially separating the working electrode and the auxiliary electrode by being interposed therebetween; an electrode connector, printed with a thick conductive material on a portion of the auxiliary electrode, for three-dimensionally connecting the working electrode to the auxiliary electrode; and a reagent layer containing an electron transfer mediator and an oxidation enzyme.

There is provided the reagent layer composition that can substantially reduce the measurement bias arising from hematocrits. The addition of fatty acid (4-20 carbons) and quaternary ammonium salt to a commonly used reagent layer composition composed of an enzyme, an electron transfer mediator, and several water soluble polymers not only reduce the hematocrit level-dependent bias but also provide very stable performance for an extended period of time. Disclosed are also various types of sub microliter sample volume electrochemical biosensors that are suitable to use with the reagent layer composition of present invention.

The invention provides an electrochemical uric acid test strip comprising an insulating substrate (1), a working electrode (2) and a counter electrode (3), wherein the working electrode (2) and the counter electrode (3) are arranged at a first end of the insulating substrate (1) side by side at an interval; the working electrode (2) is provided with an anti-interference reagent layer; the components of the reagent layer comprise an ascorbic acid oxidase, a macromolecular compound and a buffering solution; and the components of the working electrode (2) comprise a non-aqueous redox electron transfer mediator. The invention further provides a manufacturing method of the electrochemical uric acid test strip. The test strip provided by the invention utilizes the non-water-soluble electron transfer mediator and combines an interference-removing enzyme layer, so that the effect of removing ascorbic acid is obvious. In a test, the interference of the ascorbic acid on uric acid test is very small.

A photosynthetic microbial fuel cell belongs to the technical field of microbial fuel cells. The photosynthetic microbial fuel cell is composed of two electrode chambers, namely, a cathode chamber and an anode chamber which are connected with each other by a proton exchange membrane. Each electrode chamber is filled with a fixed amount of anode chamber solution and a fixed amount of cathode chamber solution; photosynthetic microbes are adsorbed on the anode surface and degrade organic wastes and heavy metal wastewater, and simultaneously perform photosynthesis and release electrons and protons. The photosynthetic microbes transfer the electrons to the anode, and the protons enter the cathode by the proton exchange membrane and mix with oxygen in the air to generate water. The electron transfer between the electrodes produces voltage between the electrodes and supplies power to an external circuit. The photosynthetic microbial fuel cell has the advantages of no additional electron transfer medium, improving the oxygen content of the cathode surface without the external power, culturing the photosynthetic microbes (algae and photosynthetic bacteria) without additional nutrients and simultaneously generating electric energy by the anode, and simple cell structure. Adding wastewater to the anode not only can improve the electric energy, benefit the growth and reproduction of the photosynthetic microbes, save the cost, but also can relieve part of the pollution and produce the hydrogen and methane.

Zero valent metal composite, manufacturing thereof, using thereof, and system including thereof, for (in-situ or ex-situ) catalytically treating contaminated water, such as sub-surface water, surface water, above-surface water, water vapor, or / and gaseous water. Composite includes powdered diatomite matrix incorporated with nanometer (1-1000 nm) sized particles of a zero valent (transition) metal (iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, palladium, platinum, or / and gold) and at least one electron transfer mediator (catalyst) from porphyrinogenic organometallic complexes (e.g., metalloporphyrins (chlorophylls, hemes, cytochromes) or metallocorrins (e.g., vitamin B12), and optionally, includes vermiculite. System includes composite and in-situ or / and ex-situ unit containing the composite, enabling exposure of contaminated water thereto. Applicable to in-situ sub-surface permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). Treatable water contaminants are organics (halogenated organic compounds), or / and inorganics (metal elements, metal element containing inorganic species, nonmetal elements, and nonmetal element containing inorganic species). Applicable to non-aqueous fluids (liquids, vapors, gases), for removing contaminants therefrom.