18 results about "Applied potential" patented technology

A nanocomposite catalyst for use as an electrode in water electrolysis includes a cobalt triazole (Co-Tri) metal-organic framework (MOF), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanosheets (CNs), and an ionically conductive polymer binder. The mass ratio of the nanocomposite catalyst includes cobalt triazole metal-organic framework to the carbon quantum dots is in the range of 1:2 to 1:4, and the mass ratio of the cobalt triazole metal organic framework to the carbon nanosheets mass ratio is in the range of 1:4 to 1:6. The nanocomposite catalyst includes current density less than or equal to (≤) −5 milliampere per centimeter square (mA·cm−2) at an applied potential of −100 millivolts (mV) when catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis.

A system for sequencing a polynucleotide strand including a device with a layer stack on a silicon wafer. The layer stack may include a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a dielectric insulating layer and a nanohole drilled through the layer stack so that the first and second electrodes are rotationally arranged around the nanohole. A polynucleotide strand with at least one nucleotide and at least one electroactive label may be pulled through the nanohole. The system may additionally include a controller that may apply an electrical signal to the first and second electrodes, measure a current (I) as a function of an applied potential (V) when an electroactive label is guided through the nanohole of the device, and adjust an electrical voltage to pull the polynucleotide strand through the nanohole at a predetermined speed.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production, and provides an alkyne-rich carbon-ruthenium nickel alloy catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: simultaneously adding a ruthenium salt solution, a nickel salt solution and an organic molecule solution into an alkyne-enriched carbon dispersion liquid for reaction; and carrying out centrifugation, cleaning and vacuum drying treatment on the reacted mixed solution to obtain the alkyne-rich carbon-ruthenium nickel alloy catalyst. According to the invention, the acetylene-rich carbon-ruthenium nickel alloy catalyst uniformly loaded with ruthenium nickel (RuNi) clusters is successfully prepared. In the performance evaluation of hydrogen production by water electrolysis in a simulated seawater environment, the material shows excellent hydrogen evolution activity as a cathode catalyst. Experimental results show that under the applied potential of-0.6 V (relative to a reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), the absolute value of the current density can reach 0.847 A cm <-2 > to 0.896 A cm <-2 >. The invention provides a feasible material solution for developing a high-performance water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst suitable for a complex water quality environment.

A system for sequencing a polynucleotide strand including a device with a layer stack on a silicon wafer. The layer stack may include a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a dielectric insulating layer and a nanohole drilled through the layer stack so that the first and second electrodes are rotationally arranged around the nanohole. A polynucleotide strand with at least one nucleotide and at least one electroactive label may be pulled through the nanohole. The system may additionally include a controller that may apply an electrical signal to the first and second electrodes, measure a current (I) as a function of an applied potential (V) when an electroactive label is guided through the nanohole of the device, and adjust an electrical voltage to pull the polynucleotide strand through the nanohole at a predetermined speed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser Raman spectrum detection, and relates to a multicolor electrochromic SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) substrate as well as a preparation method and application thereof, the method comprises the following steps: synthesizing a vanadium pentoxide nanobelt by using vanadium pentoxide powder as a raw material through a simple solvent treatment method, and preparing the multicolor vanadium oxide electrochromic SERS film substrate by adopting a spraying processing technology. The multicolor vanadium oxide electrochromism SERS substrate has electrochromism and SERS effects, the change of charge transfer, charge density and band gap width is accompanied in the electrochromism process, and the SERS performance of the multicolor vanadium oxide electrochromism SERS substrate can be remarkably changed through the change. The color, the transmittance, the energy band gap and the detection performance can be accurately, reversibly and visually regulated and controlled by naked eyes by changing the external potential. The color of the multicolor electrochromic SERS substrate and the SERS detection performance have strong relevance, the SERS detection performance and molecular selectivity of the multicolor electrochromic SERS substrate can be judged through color change, and the multicolor electrochromic SERS substrate has great significance in trace detection of to-be-detected molecules.

The present invention relates to detection reagents and electrode arrangements for multi-analyte diagnostic test elements and methods of use thereof. Detection reagents, multi-analyte test elements, test systems, and multi-analyte measurement methods are provided. In particular, a multi-analyte test element has (1) a first working electrode and a first counter electrode pair covered with a first analyte-specific reagent comprising an enzyme, a coenzyme and a first medium, and has (2) a second working electrode covered with a second analyte-specific reagent comprising an enzyme, a coenzyme and a second medium, where the second medium is different from the first medium. A single counter electrode may be used as a counter electrode for both first and second analyte measurements at their respective working electrodes. Further, the medium concentration, the measurement range, and the applied potential difference are different for each analyte-specific measurement.

The invention discloses a method for carrying out electrocatalytic hydrogenation on alkynol by using a copper acetylacetonate molecular catalyst, which comprises the following steps: mixing a copper acetylacetonate-loaded catalyst, a dispersant and a binder, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to form catalyst slurry; coating a conductive substrate with the catalyst slurry to obtain a working electrode; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out electrolytic reaction in an H-type electrolytic tank or a flow type electrolytic tank, applying external potential under the condition that a reference electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a working electrode are arranged, so as to realize selective semi-hydrogenation of an alkynol substrate and generate an enol product, wherein an anolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution, and a catholyte is a mixed solution of KOH and the alkynol substrate, and applying external potential under the condition that the reference electrode, the auxiliary electrode and the working electrode are arranged. The electro-catalytic hydrogenation system taking the copper acetylacetonate molecular catalyst as the core has applicability and effectiveness in various alkynol substrates, has good universality and process stability, can realize high-selectivity enol synthesis under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, remarkably reduces energy consumption, and is suitable for industrial production. And potential safety hazards caused by traditional high-pressure hydrogen are avoided.

The present application provides a method for forming a silicon nitride film capable of forming a silicon nitride film with strong tensile stress by reactive sputtering. The method for forming a silicon nitride film of the present application, wherein a silicon material target (3) and a film formation object (Sw) are arranged opposite to each other in a vacuum chamber (1), a sputtering gas containing nitrogen is introduced into the vacuum chamber in a vacuum atmosphere, a negative potential is applied to the silicon material target, and a silicon nitride film with tensile stress is formed on the surface of the film formation object arranged in an electrically floating state by reactive sputtering; comprising the following steps: setting the film formation object to a non-applied state of bias potential, controlling at least one of the flow ratio of nitrogen to the sputtering gas and the potential applied to the silicon material target to maintain the silicon material target surface in a transition mode between the metal mode and the compound mode, and depositing β-type silicon nitride on the surface of the film formation object.

The invention discloses application of a perovskite-based titanate adsorbent to enrichment of strontium by using an ion exchange method and an electrochemical switch ion exchange method, and belongs to the technical field of strontium-containing wastewater treatment. The strontium ion adsorbent is titanate of a Ruddlesden-Popper type perovskite structure, contains rare earth metal Ln and variable valence metal Ti, has a [Ln2Ti3O10] n2n-layered framework, and alkali metal ions are arranged between layers, and the strontium ion adsorbent can deeply remove < 90 > Sr in actual acid waste liquid generated in the industrial production process. After the strontium ion adsorbent is prepared into a working electrode, strontium ions in a water body can be enriched through an electrochemical switch ion exchange method, the strontium ion adsorbent has high adsorption capacity and good selectivity in neutral and acid solutions, and regeneration and recycling of the working electrode can be achieved through change of applied potential.

An active common-mode filter (2) comprising a processing unit (6) configured to detect AC disturbances (AC_Int) in a potential (HV+, HV-) applied to the common-mode filter (2) relative to a reference potential (PA) and to determine an AC target value (AC_ZG) based on the detected AC disturbances (AC_Int), and active electronics (7) configured to inject a compensation current (I) into the potential (HV+, HV-) or to apply a compensation voltage to the potential (HV+, HV-) based on the AC target value (AC_ZG) to compensate for the AC disturbances (AC_Int), wherein the processing unit (6) is further configured to determine, based on a potential distribution between the applied potential (HV+) and another potential (HV-) relative to the reference potential (PA) and based on at least one predefined target value (ZW) that exhibits maximum asymmetry of the potential distribution or a maximum voltage of one of the potentials (HV+,HV-) to the reference potential (PA) describes determining, in particular calculating and / or controlling and / or regulating, a DC target quantity (DC_ZG) which can be supplied to the active electronics (7) together with the AC target quantity (AC_ZG) to change the potential distribution according to the target value (ZW) by injecting the compensation current (I) or applying the compensation voltage, wherein the processing unit (6) is configured to , - to determine the potential distribution by measuring a voltage (V_P) between the applied potential (HV+) and the reference potential (PA) and a voltage (V_N) between another potential (HV-) and the reference potential (PA), or by measuring a voltage (V_P) between the applied potential (HV+) and the reference potential (PA) and a voltage between the applied potential (HV+) and another potential (HV-) with subsequent difference calculation, or - to use voltages (V_P, V_N) or a potential distribution determined in a high-voltage system (1) to which the common-mode filter (2) is connected, wherein a capacitor (EMC_ln_P) for detecting the AC disturbance (AC_Int) is connected to the applied potential (HV+, HV-) and the processing unit (6) is configured for inductive detection of the AC disturbance (AC_Int) or for digital detection of the AC disturbance (AC_Int) by sampling the applied potential (HV+, HV-) and software-based filtering and / or calculation.

The invention relates to an electrochemical auxiliary material surface functional group regulation and control method which comprises the following steps: applying a control potential to a material in an electrochemical system, so that a non-uniform charge distribution region is formed on the surface of the material, reaction activity difference is generated on an interface, and a functional group reaction is limited to only occur in a potential stable section; the electric potential fluctuation in unit area is smaller than a set threshold value; a functional group precursor is introduced into a limited region, a directional electrochemical reaction is carried out under the condition of applying potential, and the generated functional group moves towards a region with low energy potential along a potential gradient under the action of interface charge migration, so that stable adsorption is realized in the region; determining the type of a target functional group formed by the site according to the local electrochemical parameters of the functional group generation site; when two or more than two functional group precursors exist in the system, a priority rule is established based on a reaction potential window, an interface reaction rate constant and adsorption affinity of a material to the precursors, a first preferred reaction path is selected, and other reaction channels are blocked.

The invention discloses an iron / activated carbon composite electrode for removing oxysalts including perchlorate in water as well as a preparation method and application of the iron / activated carbon composite electrode, and belongs to the field of water treatment technologies and environmental functional materials. According to the electrode, activated carbon (AC) serves as a substrate, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles are loaded through an impregnation-calcination method, and the iron / activated carbon (Fe / AC) composite electrode is obtained. The electrode realizes electro-adsorption enrichment of target anions (such as ClO4 <->) by periodically switching an external potential, firstly applying a positive potential, then converting the target anions into a negative potential, and efficiently reducing the target anions into non-toxic and harmless chloride ions through the synergistic effect of direct electron transfer (DET) and hydrogenation reduction. The Fe / AC electrode prepared by the method has the characteristics of low cost, high catalytic activity, good stability and the like, has an excellent removal effect on persistent inorganic pollutants including low-concentration perchlorate in water, and is particularly suitable for deep purification of underground water and drinking water.

Detection reagents, multi-analyte test elements, test systems, and multi-analyte measuring methods are provided. In particular, multi-analyte test elements have (1) a first working electrode and first counter electrode pair covered with a first analyte-specific reagent that includes an enzyme, a coenzyme and a first mediator and have (2) a second working electrode covered with a second analyte-specific reagent that includes an enzyme, a coenzyme and a second mediator, where the second mediator is different than the first mediator. The single counter electrode can be used as the counter electrode for both the first and second analyte measurements at their respective working electrodes. Moreover, the mediator concentrations, measurement ranges, and applied potential differences are not the same for each analyte-specific measurement.

Methods and systems for functionalizing polymers using a multistage packed bed reactor and transition metal oxide catalysts. A slurry comprising a mixture of plastic particles and a carrier fluid flows through the multistage packed bed reactor, which includes one or more catalyst beds containing metal oxide catalysts such as CuO, Cu2O, NiO, Fe2O3, MnO2, COO, CrO, VO, transition metal oxides, and combinations thereof. An applied potential between the anode and cathode of the reactor generates in-situ metal oxide catalysts, promoting the introduction of functional groups, including C—O, C═C, C═O, and OH bonds to create functionalized polymers. The functionalized polymers exhibit enhanced chemical reactivity and are suitable for various applications, including biomedical uses and membrane analytical devices. The process also allows catalyst recovery through electrodeposition, enabling sustainable and efficient plastic upcycling into high-value products.

A shower nozzle assembly (100) for use in a shower fitting includes one or more nozzles (102) and one or more pairs of electrodes (106, 108), where the nozzles and the pair of electrodes are arranged such that, in use, an applied potential difference across the one or more pairs of electrodes controls deflection of a water jet through each of the one or more nozzles.

The application discloses a Ce-doped Cu-based perovskite oxide catalyst and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of CO2 electrocatalysis, and comprises the following steps: Pr(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2 and CeNO3 are added into a container, water is added to stir and dissolve, citric acid monohydrate is added to chelate metal cations after dissolution, the solution is adjusted to be neutral, and stirring is conducted until the solution is gelatinous; the gelatinous substance is pre-fired, and roasting is conducted after pre-firing, so that Pr2Cu 0.9 Ce 0.1 04 catalyst is obtained. 0.9 Ce 0.1 04(PCCe 0.1 ) has very good electroreduction performance on carbon dioxide in the application of CO2 electrocatalytic reduction. With the increase of applied potential, the FE of CO decreases, and the FE of C2H4 increases and then decreases. C2H4 is dominant at-1.2 V vs. RHE, which indicates that H2 is only inhibited at a proper applied potential, and the maximum FE% of C2H4 is 25% at-1.2 V vs. RHE; the FE% of the PC catalyst is improved by 10% after etching by acid, and the PC catalyst is improved by 66.7% compared with PC.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a cobalt-based double-site catalyst suitable for wide voltage load, which comprises the following steps of: oxidizing cobalt acetylacetonate serving as a cobalt source, dicyandiamide serving as a carbon source and a nitrogen source and zinc nitrate serving as a pore-forming agent by a grinding oxidation method, and loading CoPc to prepare the cobalt-based double-site catalyst. By changing the applied potential, the Faraday efficiency of all samples can reach 100% within the range of-0.47 to-1.07 V vs.RHE, the catalytic performance of the CoPc / Co3O4 at-NC-400 DEG C prepared at 400 DEG C is the most stable, the H2 / CO Faraday efficiency ratio of the catalytically generated synthesis gas is the most stable and is closest to the industrial application requirement (1-2), the catalyst can be directly used for subsequent Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and the method is suitable for industrial production. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, no need of introducing new gas, provides a new way for more efficient utilization of CO2, and is expected to realize resource utilization of CO2 through a production process route of CO2-synthesis gas-high-energy chemicals.

The invention discloses a high-temperature proton membrane fuel cell device and method for producing ammonia and generating power through NO reduction. The device comprises an anode, a cathode, a proton exchange membrane, a gas diffusion layer and an external circuit. The anode is configured to receive H2 and perform oxidation reaction; the cathode is configured to receive NO gas and carry out reduction reaction, and the NO reduction reaction path is regulated and controlled through a cathode catalyst; the proton exchange membrane is a high-temperature proton exchange membrane, and the operating temperature range is 100-200 DEG C; the cathode catalyst is configured to regulate and control the NO reduction path in the applied potential range, so that N2 or N2O is preferentially generated in the potential interval of 0.9 V to 0.2 V, and NH3 is generated in the potential interval of 0.2 V to 0 V. According to the method, the problem of catalyst poisoning at low temperature is avoided, harmful NO pollutants can be converted into high-added-value chemicals, and the problem of resource waste is solved; nO is treated while power is generated, the overall energy utilization efficiency is improved, secondary pollution is reduced, the operation cost is reduced, and remarkable environmental and economic benefits are achieved.