33 results about "Applied potential" patented technology

The invention discloses a slurry electrolysis device and battery production equipment, and relates to the technical field of lithium batteries. As an electrolysis positive electrode and an electrolysis negative electrode are positioned between a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet and are in contact with battery slurry, the electrolysis positive electrode and the electrolysis negative electrode are in contact with the battery slurry; under the condition that the potential applied by a power supply for connecting the electrolysis positive electrode and the electrolysis negative electrode is greater than the oxidation potential of a to-be-electrolyzed metal element or alloy in the battery slurry, the to-be-electrolyzed metal element or alloy in the battery slurry can serve as a micro positive electrode, the surface of the to-be-electrolyzed metal element or alloy is oxidized due to potential difference and is gradually dissolved into ions, and the ions are gradually dissolved along with electrolysis. And large metal elementary substance particles are continuously oxidized, the volume is gradually reduced, and finally, the metal elementary substance particles are completely dissolved into metal ions without discharge risk, so that the removal of the metal elementary substance or alloy to be electrolyzed in the battery slurry is realized, and the self-discharge risk of the battery is reduced.

A nanocomposite catalyst for use as an electrode in water electrolysis includes a cobalt triazole (Co-Tri) metal-organic framework (MOF), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanosheets (CNs), and an ionically conductive polymer binder. The mass ratio of the nanocomposite catalyst includes cobalt triazole metal-organic framework to the carbon quantum dots is in the range of 1:2 to 1:4, and the mass ratio of the cobalt triazole metal organic framework to the carbon nanosheets mass ratio is in the range of 1:4 to 1:6. The nanocomposite catalyst includes current density less than or equal to (≤) −5 milliampere per centimeter square (mA·cm−2) at an applied potential of −100 millivolts (mV) when catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis.

A system for sequencing a polynucleotide strand including a device with a layer stack on a silicon wafer. The layer stack may include a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a dielectric insulating layer and a nanohole drilled through the layer stack so that the first and second electrodes are rotationally arranged around the nanohole. A polynucleotide strand with at least one nucleotide and at least one electroactive label may be pulled through the nanohole. The system may additionally include a controller that may apply an electrical signal to the first and second electrodes, measure a current (I) as a function of an applied potential (V) when an electroactive label is guided through the nanohole of the device, and adjust an electrical voltage to pull the polynucleotide strand through the nanohole at a predetermined speed.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production, and provides an alkyne-rich carbon-ruthenium nickel alloy catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: simultaneously adding a ruthenium salt solution, a nickel salt solution and an organic molecule solution into an alkyne-enriched carbon dispersion liquid for reaction; and carrying out centrifugation, cleaning and vacuum drying treatment on the reacted mixed solution to obtain the alkyne-rich carbon-ruthenium nickel alloy catalyst. According to the invention, the acetylene-rich carbon-ruthenium nickel alloy catalyst uniformly loaded with ruthenium nickel (RuNi) clusters is successfully prepared. In the performance evaluation of hydrogen production by water electrolysis in a simulated seawater environment, the material shows excellent hydrogen evolution activity as a cathode catalyst. Experimental results show that under the applied potential of-0.6 V (relative to a reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), the absolute value of the current density can reach 0.847 A cm <-2 > to 0.896 A cm <-2 >. The invention provides a feasible material solution for developing a high-performance water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst suitable for a complex water quality environment.

A system for sequencing a polynucleotide strand including a device with a layer stack on a silicon wafer. The layer stack may include a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a dielectric insulating layer and a nanohole drilled through the layer stack so that the first and second electrodes are rotationally arranged around the nanohole. A polynucleotide strand with at least one nucleotide and at least one electroactive label may be pulled through the nanohole. The system may additionally include a controller that may apply an electrical signal to the first and second electrodes, measure a current (I) as a function of an applied potential (V) when an electroactive label is guided through the nanohole of the device, and adjust an electrical voltage to pull the polynucleotide strand through the nanohole at a predetermined speed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser Raman spectrum detection, and relates to a multicolor electrochromic SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) substrate as well as a preparation method and application thereof, the method comprises the following steps: synthesizing a vanadium pentoxide nanobelt by using vanadium pentoxide powder as a raw material through a simple solvent treatment method, and preparing the multicolor vanadium oxide electrochromic SERS film substrate by adopting a spraying processing technology. The multicolor vanadium oxide electrochromism SERS substrate has electrochromism and SERS effects, the change of charge transfer, charge density and band gap width is accompanied in the electrochromism process, and the SERS performance of the multicolor vanadium oxide electrochromism SERS substrate can be remarkably changed through the change. The color, the transmittance, the energy band gap and the detection performance can be accurately, reversibly and visually regulated and controlled by naked eyes by changing the external potential. The color of the multicolor electrochromic SERS substrate and the SERS detection performance have strong relevance, the SERS detection performance and molecular selectivity of the multicolor electrochromic SERS substrate can be judged through color change, and the multicolor electrochromic SERS substrate has great significance in trace detection of to-be-detected molecules.

An improved apparatus for the separation of gas or gas-vapor, as well as simultaneous product transformation or conversion of one or more of the separated gas or gas-vapor species, includes modification of a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube to include an electric field internal to the vortex tube, created either by an applied potential or induced by temperature-dependent triboelectric effects, or a combination of both. The electric field is used to enhance separation of gaseous components, with particular emphasis on separation of CO2 from a gaseous mixture, and to promote subsequent conversion of the resulting separated gaseous product or products.

The present invention relates to detection reagents and electrode arrangements for multi-analyte diagnostic test elements and methods of use thereof. Detection reagents, multi-analyte test elements, test systems, and multi-analyte measurement methods are provided. In particular, a multi-analyte test element has (1) a first working electrode and a first counter electrode pair covered with a first analyte-specific reagent comprising an enzyme, a coenzyme and a first medium, and has (2) a second working electrode covered with a second analyte-specific reagent comprising an enzyme, a coenzyme and a second medium, where the second medium is different from the first medium. A single counter electrode may be used as a counter electrode for both first and second analyte measurements at their respective working electrodes. Further, the medium concentration, the measurement range, and the applied potential difference are different for each analyte-specific measurement.

The invention provides an electrochemical water quality microsensor which can be applied to the technical field of water quality detection sensors. The sensor comprises a substrate, a thin-layer detection cavity structure, a common counter electrode, a common reference electrode, a detection working electrode and a pH regulation and control electrode, and the thin-layer detection cavity structure comprises a groove, a sample inlet and a sample outlet; a cavity is formed between the groove of the thin layer detection cavity structure and the substrate; a sample to be detected flows into the cavity from the sample inlet and flows out from the sample outlet; the pH regulation and control electrode and the detection working electrode form an annular concentric array and are distributed in a double-helix structure. The pH value of a solution in an area close to the working electrode is controlled by adjusting the potential or current applied to the pH regulation electrode, so that the necessary acidification or alkalization operation step during conventional electrochemical detection analysis is avoided, reagent-free or less detection is realized, and the process of detecting pollutants in water by using an electrochemical method is greatly simplified.

The present invention discloses an electrochemical method and antifouling system for solving the problem of titanium metal material fouling. A three-electrode electrochemical antifouling system is constructed with a titanium metal material that is not coated with a conductive coating as a working electrode; the titanium metal material is scanned from the open circuit potential using a linear polarization method, and the applied potential and current range are determined by the current peak; an anodic current is applied to stabilize the potential to the desired potential range to kill microorganisms attached to the surface of the titanium metal material; when the potential is monitored to exceed the warning potential, it is switched to a constant potential mode, and a negative potential is applied to remove the surface film; the above steps are repeated. This method directly utilizes the electrochemical properties of titanium and titanium alloy materials in seawater, and does not require additional conductive coating on the surface of the material to maintain a higher current density, thereby effectively killing attached microorganisms, and the potential and current used are lower than those of electrolytic antifouling, and the energy consumption is relatively low.

The present disclosure relates to transistor structures and methods of forming the same. One embodiment transistor includes: a semiconductor drain region defined by a first trench, and a first conductive element in the first trench, the first conductive element being electrically coupled to a node of application of a potential that is closer to a drain potential of the transistor than to a source potential of the transistor.

Provided is a piezoelectric element and a liquid ejection head that maintain good piezoelectric characteristics while suppressing leakage current. The piezoelectric element includes: a first electrode; an oxide layer formed on the first electrode; a piezoelectric layer formed on the oxide layer and containing potassium, sodium, and niobium; and a second electrode formed on the piezoelectric layer, wherein when a potential difference of 10 V is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the current density of the leakage current differs by 10,000 times or more when the first electrode is at a high potential and when the second electrode is at a high potential.

A water filtration assembly, a method for self-cleaning at a fluid filter assembly, and a refrigeration appliance are provided. The water filtration assembly includes a filtration housing forming a first volume configured to receive unfiltered water, and a second volume configured to receive filtered water. A filter medium separates the first volume from the second volume. An electrolytic cell includes a first electrode formed at the filter medium and a second electrode extended into the first volume. The electrolytic cell is configured to reverse polarity to reverse an ionic current through the electrolytic cell to restore permeability at the filter medium. A power supply or delivery system is operably coupled to the electrolytic cell and is configured to selectively apply a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode and selectively reverse a polarity of the applied potential.

The invention discloses a method for carrying out electrocatalytic hydrogenation on alkynol by using a copper acetylacetonate molecular catalyst, which comprises the following steps: mixing a copper acetylacetonate-loaded catalyst, a dispersant and a binder, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to form catalyst slurry; coating a conductive substrate with the catalyst slurry to obtain a working electrode; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out electrolytic reaction in an H-type electrolytic tank or a flow type electrolytic tank, applying external potential under the condition that a reference electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a working electrode are arranged, so as to realize selective semi-hydrogenation of an alkynol substrate and generate an enol product, wherein an anolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution, and a catholyte is a mixed solution of KOH and the alkynol substrate, and applying external potential under the condition that the reference electrode, the auxiliary electrode and the working electrode are arranged. The electro-catalytic hydrogenation system taking the copper acetylacetonate molecular catalyst as the core has applicability and effectiveness in various alkynol substrates, has good universality and process stability, can realize high-selectivity enol synthesis under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, remarkably reduces energy consumption, and is suitable for industrial production. And potential safety hazards caused by traditional high-pressure hydrogen are avoided.

The present application provides a method for forming a silicon nitride film capable of forming a silicon nitride film with strong tensile stress by reactive sputtering. The method for forming a silicon nitride film of the present application, wherein a silicon material target (3) and a film formation object (Sw) are arranged opposite to each other in a vacuum chamber (1), a sputtering gas containing nitrogen is introduced into the vacuum chamber in a vacuum atmosphere, a negative potential is applied to the silicon material target, and a silicon nitride film with tensile stress is formed on the surface of the film formation object arranged in an electrically floating state by reactive sputtering; comprising the following steps: setting the film formation object to a non-applied state of bias potential, controlling at least one of the flow ratio of nitrogen to the sputtering gas and the potential applied to the silicon material target to maintain the silicon material target surface in a transition mode between the metal mode and the compound mode, and depositing β-type silicon nitride on the surface of the film formation object.

The invention discloses application of a perovskite-based titanate adsorbent to enrichment of strontium by using an ion exchange method and an electrochemical switch ion exchange method, and belongs to the technical field of strontium-containing wastewater treatment. The strontium ion adsorbent is titanate of a Ruddlesden-Popper type perovskite structure, contains rare earth metal Ln and variable valence metal Ti, has a [Ln2Ti3O10] n2n-layered framework, and alkali metal ions are arranged between layers, and the strontium ion adsorbent can deeply remove < 90 > Sr in actual acid waste liquid generated in the industrial production process. After the strontium ion adsorbent is prepared into a working electrode, strontium ions in a water body can be enriched through an electrochemical switch ion exchange method, the strontium ion adsorbent has high adsorption capacity and good selectivity in neutral and acid solutions, and regeneration and recycling of the working electrode can be achieved through change of applied potential.

An electrochemical water quality microsensor is provided, which can be applied to the field of water quality detection sensor technology. The sensor includes: a substrate, a thin-layer detection cavity structure, a common counter electrode, a common reference electrode, a detection working electrode, and a pH control electrode, wherein the thin-layer detection cavity structure includes a groove, an inlet, and an outlet; a cavity is formed between the groove of the thin-layer detection cavity structure and the substrate; the sample to be detected flows into the cavity from the inlet and out from the outlet; the pH control electrode and the detection working electrode form a circular concentric array, distributed in a double helix structure. By adjusting the potential or current applied to the pH control electrode, the pH value of the solution in the vicinity of the working electrode is controlled, thereby avoiding the acidification or alkalization steps required in conventional electrochemical detection and analysis, achieving reagent-free or low-reagent detection, and greatly simplifying the process of using electrochemical methods to detect pollutants in water.

The in-situ X-ray total reflection testing device comprises a main body, a circular cover, an entrance / exit window film, an O-shaped ring, a reference / counter electrode through hole bolt, a liquid (gas) inlet / outlet through hole bolt, a working electrode tab, a current collector and an inner hexagonal screw. Wherein the main body is provided with an opening for light paths of different wavelengths and a reference / counter electrode through hole bolt corresponding through hole; the liquid (gas) inlet and outlet through hole bolt corresponds to the through hole; the working electrode tab corresponds to the through hole; and the hexagon socket screws are correspondingly provided with holes. The light path opening in the main body is opposite to the light path openings of the two circular covers; the incident window protection film and the emergent window protection film are positioned between the O-shaped ring and the circular covers; and the circular cover and the main body are connected in a sealed and detachable manner. The in-situ testing device is suitable for in-situ testing of a synchrotron radiation total reflection table interface structure capable of controlling parameters such as applied potential current and the like, and meets testing of small-angle / wide-angle scattering of a grazing-in angle, Raman / infrared and the like.

An active common-mode filter (2) comprising a processing unit (6) configured to detect AC disturbances (AC_Int) in a potential (HV+, HV-) applied to the common-mode filter (2) relative to a reference potential (PA) and to determine an AC target value (AC_ZG) based on the detected AC disturbances (AC_Int), and active electronics (7) configured to inject a compensation current (I) into the potential (HV+, HV-) or to apply a compensation voltage to the potential (HV+, HV-) based on the AC target value (AC_ZG) to compensate for the AC disturbances (AC_Int), wherein the processing unit (6) is further configured to determine, based on a potential distribution between the applied potential (HV+) and another potential (HV-) relative to the reference potential (PA) and based on at least one predefined target value (ZW) that exhibits maximum asymmetry of the potential distribution or a maximum voltage of one of the potentials (HV+,HV-) to the reference potential (PA) describes determining, in particular calculating and / or controlling and / or regulating, a DC target quantity (DC_ZG) which can be supplied to the active electronics (7) together with the AC target quantity (AC_ZG) to change the potential distribution according to the target value (ZW) by injecting the compensation current (I) or applying the compensation voltage, wherein the processing unit (6) is configured to , - to determine the potential distribution by measuring a voltage (V_P) between the applied potential (HV+) and the reference potential (PA) and a voltage (V_N) between another potential (HV-) and the reference potential (PA), or by measuring a voltage (V_P) between the applied potential (HV+) and the reference potential (PA) and a voltage between the applied potential (HV+) and another potential (HV-) with subsequent difference calculation, or - to use voltages (V_P, V_N) or a potential distribution determined in a high-voltage system (1) to which the common-mode filter (2) is connected, wherein a capacitor (EMC_ln_P) for detecting the AC disturbance (AC_Int) is connected to the applied potential (HV+, HV-) and the processing unit (6) is configured for inductive detection of the AC disturbance (AC_Int) or for digital detection of the AC disturbance (AC_Int) by sampling the applied potential (HV+, HV-) and software-based filtering and / or calculation.

The invention relates to an electrochemical auxiliary material surface functional group regulation and control method which comprises the following steps: applying a control potential to a material in an electrochemical system, so that a non-uniform charge distribution region is formed on the surface of the material, reaction activity difference is generated on an interface, and a functional group reaction is limited to only occur in a potential stable section; the electric potential fluctuation in unit area is smaller than a set threshold value; a functional group precursor is introduced into a limited region, a directional electrochemical reaction is carried out under the condition of applying potential, and the generated functional group moves towards a region with low energy potential along a potential gradient under the action of interface charge migration, so that stable adsorption is realized in the region; determining the type of a target functional group formed by the site according to the local electrochemical parameters of the functional group generation site; when two or more than two functional group precursors exist in the system, a priority rule is established based on a reaction potential window, an interface reaction rate constant and adsorption affinity of a material to the precursors, a first preferred reaction path is selected, and other reaction channels are blocked.

The invention discloses an iron / activated carbon composite electrode for removing oxysalts including perchlorate in water as well as a preparation method and application of the iron / activated carbon composite electrode, and belongs to the field of water treatment technologies and environmental functional materials. According to the electrode, activated carbon (AC) serves as a substrate, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles are loaded through an impregnation-calcination method, and the iron / activated carbon (Fe / AC) composite electrode is obtained. The electrode realizes electro-adsorption enrichment of target anions (such as ClO4 <->) by periodically switching an external potential, firstly applying a positive potential, then converting the target anions into a negative potential, and efficiently reducing the target anions into non-toxic and harmless chloride ions through the synergistic effect of direct electron transfer (DET) and hydrogenation reduction. The Fe / AC electrode prepared by the method has the characteristics of low cost, high catalytic activity, good stability and the like, has an excellent removal effect on persistent inorganic pollutants including low-concentration perchlorate in water, and is particularly suitable for deep purification of underground water and drinking water.

Detection reagents, multi-analyte test elements, test systems, and multi-analyte measuring methods are provided. In particular, multi-analyte test elements have (1) a first working electrode and first counter electrode pair covered with a first analyte-specific reagent that includes an enzyme, a coenzyme and a first mediator and have (2) a second working electrode covered with a second analyte-specific reagent that includes an enzyme, a coenzyme and a second mediator, where the second mediator is different than the first mediator. The single counter electrode can be used as the counter electrode for both the first and second analyte measurements at their respective working electrodes. Moreover, the mediator concentrations, measurement ranges, and applied potential differences are not the same for each analyte-specific measurement.

The invention relates to an active common-mode filter (2), comprising a processing unit (6) configured to detect AC interference (AC_Int) in a potential (HV+, HV-) applied to the common-mode filter (2) relative to a reference potential (PA) and to determine an AC target value (AC_ZG) on the basis of the detected AC interference (AC_Int), and an active electronics unit (7) configured to inject a compensation current (I) into the potential (HV+, HV-) or to apply a compensation voltage to the potential (HV+, HV-) on the basis of the AC target value (AC_ZG) in order to compensate for the AC interference (AC_Int), characterized in that the processing unit (6) is further configured to determine, based on a potential distribution between the applied potential (HV+) and a further potential (HV-) relative to the reference potential (PA) and based on at least one predetermined target value (ZW),which describes a maximum asymmetry of the potential distribution or a maximum voltage of one of the potentials (HV+, HV-) to the reference potential (PA), to determine, in particular to calculate and / or control and / or regulate a DC target value (DC_ZG), which can be fed to the active electronics (7) together with the AC target value (AC_ZG) to change the potential distribution according to the target value (ZW) by injecting the compensation current (I) or applying the compensation voltage.

This invention provides a cellular automaton model for simulating the growth and rupture of a passivation film in stainless steel. This model meticulously replicates the passivation film growth process of stainless steel from a reaction principle perspective, calculating and analyzing the effects of different applied potentials on the passivation film thickness, point defect concentration, and passivation film rupture time. Using stainless steel as a prototype, the model simulates the passivation film growth and rupture process, establishing a model of the internal ion diffusion and reaction processes during passivation film formation, and simulating the influence of applied potential on various properties of the passivation film.

Methods and systems for functionalizing polymers using a multistage packed bed reactor and transition metal oxide catalysts. A slurry comprising a mixture of plastic particles and a carrier fluid flows through the multistage packed bed reactor, which includes one or more catalyst beds containing metal oxide catalysts such as CuO, Cu2O, NiO, Fe2O3, MnO2, COO, CrO, VO, transition metal oxides, and combinations thereof. An applied potential between the anode and cathode of the reactor generates in-situ metal oxide catalysts, promoting the introduction of functional groups, including C—O, C═C, C═O, and OH bonds to create functionalized polymers. The functionalized polymers exhibit enhanced chemical reactivity and are suitable for various applications, including biomedical uses and membrane analytical devices. The process also allows catalyst recovery through electrodeposition, enabling sustainable and efficient plastic upcycling into high-value products.

To provide an electrolytic reduction apparatus and an electrolytic reduction method, in which reduction efficiency can be improved by suppressing side reactions compared to the conventional ones, thereby reducing measures for by-products.SOLUTION: An electrolytic reduction apparatus comprises: a cathode 3 accommodating a metallic oxide 5 as a reduction target; an anode 2; a molten salt 4; a direct-current power supply 6; and a measurement electrode 10 immersed in the molten salt 4. The electrolytic reduction apparatus is a device for reducing the metallic oxide 5 by energizing between the cathode 3 and the anode 2 through the molten salt 4 using the direct-current power supply 6. The apparatus also calculates product concentration in the molten salt 4 from a current value when a specific electric potential is applied to the measurement electrode 10, and controls the applied potential to between the cathode 3 and the anode 2 on the basis of the calculated product concentration.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention belongs to the field of CO / H2 synthesis gas preparation, and discloses a catalyst for producing synthesis gas through electroreduction of CO2, a preparation method and application thereof. According to the method, a precipitation method is used, the metal-doped zinc-based catalyst is synthesized after washing, drying and calcining steps, an efficient CO2RR synthesis gas production system is constructed, and the synthesis gas proportion can meet most industrial production requirements. The prepared M-ZnO catalyst has good performance of preparing synthesis gas from CO2RR, the synthesis method of the catalyst is simple, the whole reaction process is safe and non-toxic, and the M-ZnO catalyst is suitable for large-scale synthesis. According to the method, the proportion of the synthesis gas can be adjusted by adjusting the doping amount of the metal and the external potential, and wide application of the technology for preparing the synthesis gas through CO2RR is facilitated.

A shower nozzle assembly (100) for use in a shower fitting includes one or more nozzles (102) and one or more pairs of electrodes (106, 108), where the nozzles and the pair of electrodes are arranged such that, in use, an applied potential difference across the one or more pairs of electrodes controls deflection of a water jet through each of the one or more nozzles.

A streak tube according to one embodiment is provided with: a container having an input panel and an output panel; a photoelectric surface; a scanning electrode; a plurality of electrodes that are provided between the photoelectric surface and the scanning electrode, form an electron lens that focuses electrons, and are each provided with an opening through which the electrons pass; and a control unit that controls a potential applied to at least one of the plurality of electrodes. The plurality of electrodes includes: a first electrode disposed at a position closest to the incident panel; a second electrode disposed at a position closest to the output panel; and a third electrode disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode so as to be separated from the first electrode and the second electrode. The control unit applies a potential higher than the potential of the first electrode and the potential of the second electrode to the third electrode.

The application discloses a Ce-doped Cu-based perovskite oxide catalyst and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of CO2 electrocatalysis, and comprises the following steps: Pr(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2 and CeNO3 are added into a container, water is added to stir and dissolve, citric acid monohydrate is added to chelate metal cations after dissolution, the solution is adjusted to be neutral, and stirring is conducted until the solution is gelatinous; the gelatinous substance is pre-fired, and roasting is conducted after pre-firing, so that Pr2Cu 0.9 Ce 0.1 04 catalyst is obtained. 0.9 Ce 0.1 04(PCCe 0.1 ) has very good electroreduction performance on carbon dioxide in the application of CO2 electrocatalytic reduction. With the increase of applied potential, the FE of CO decreases, and the FE of C2H4 increases and then decreases. C2H4 is dominant at-1.2 V vs. RHE, which indicates that H2 is only inhibited at a proper applied potential, and the maximum FE% of C2H4 is 25% at-1.2 V vs. RHE; the FE% of the PC catalyst is improved by 10% after etching by acid, and the PC catalyst is improved by 66.7% compared with PC.