Immobilized enzymes in biocathodes

A biocathode and enzyme immobilization technology, which can be used in the determination/inspection of microorganisms, biochemical equipment and methods, biochemical fuel cells, etc., and can solve the problems of toxic osmium complexes, etc.

Inactive Publication Date: 2008-03-26
SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

For example, the biocathode by Chen et al. utilizes a hydrogel membrane that is not buffered and can only bind a surface enzyme, the cathodic enzyme laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), which has an optimum pH of 5 and in the presence of chloride ions. is inactive under conditions, and uses an osmium complex as an electron transfer mediator, which is toxic

Method used

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  • Immobilized enzymes in biocathodes
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  • Immobilized enzymes in biocathodes

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0198] Preparation of Enzyme-immobilized Salt Extraction Membrane

[0199] Ru(bpy) 3 +2 / Preparation of Nafion I

[0200] By adding Ru(bpy) directly to the Nafion suspension 3 +2 Preparation of Ru(bpy) 3 +2 / Nafion I (mixture casting).

[0201] To prepare Ru(bpy) 3 +2 / Nafion I salt-extracted membrane (“Nafion I”), 0.15 mmol Ru(bpy) 3 +2 Add 4ml of Nafion(R), mix well by vortexing and using a sonicator in a thermostatic water bath for ~3-4 hours. The mixture was then poured into weighing boats to dry overnight. Once dry, pass the Ru(bpy) 3 +2 The Nafion(R) mixture was immersed in deionized water, salt extracted using a vortex, and centrifuged. When all the salts have been extracted, the extracted solution turns from orange to clear. Salt-extracted membranes were rinsed and dried before redissolving in 4 ml of 80% ethanol (can be redissolved in mixtures of lower aliphatic alcohols containing up to 30% water).

[0202] Cathodic enzymes were immobilized on Ru(bp...

Embodiment 2

[0212] Electrode preparation

[0213] Ru(bpy) on glass carbon electrode 3 +2 / Preparation of Nafion III

[0214] To prepare cathodic enzyme / membrane casting solution, add ~1mg bilirubin and ~0.5-1mg bilirubin oxidase to 100ml Ru(bpy) 3 +2 / Nafion III salt extracted membrane (above) and mix well (in this case, vortex for 20 minutes). 2ml of cathodic enzyme / membrane casting solution was applied to a polished glass carbon electrode (3mm diameter) and allowed to dry. Once dry, place the cathode enzyme / membrane / carbon electrode in N 2 - Degassed Ru(bpy) 3 +2 Soak in the solution for 3 hours. TBAB and Ru(bpy) 3 +2 After the exchange, lead the carbon electrode into the N 2 - Degassed pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and allowed to soak for 1 hour. After equilibration, the cathode was tested by cyclic voltammetry at scan rates of 0.05 and 0.1 V / s. Then, the buffer was saturated with oxygen for 10 minutes and the cathode was tested as above.

[0215] 1cm 2 Ru(bpy) on carbon felt...

Embodiment 3

[0221] biofuel cell

[0222] A prototype biofuel cell was fabricated (FIG. 11) comprising a bioanode comprising alcohol dehydrogenase immobilized in TBAB-modified Nafion(R) (as described in patent applications 60 / 429,829, 60 / 486,076, and 10 / 617,452) , and the Nafion III membrane contains bilirubin oxidase, bilirubin and Ru(bpy) 3 +2 (See Figure 1 for a description of the bifunctional biocathode membrane). This non-optimal biofuel cell has a PEM (Nafion(R) 117) membrane separating the anode and cathode solutions and where the catalyst loading is only ~28% of that of the membrane described in the voltammogram experiments (above), the biofuel cell Preliminary tests of the test show that the open circuit voltage is 0.4179-0.819 volts, and the maximum ionization density is 0.224mA / cm 2 to 2.23mAmps / cm 2 And the maximum power is 0.951mW / cm 2 (See Figure 12, which depicts the power curve for this prototype).

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Abstract

An improved biofuel cell having a cathode comprising a bifunctional membrane containing an oxygen oxidoreductase immobilized within a buffered compartment of the membrane and an electron transport mediator that conducts electrons from The electrodes are transferred to a redox reaction catalyzed by an oxygen oxidoreductase. The improved biofuel cell also has an anode that contains an oxidoreductase that uses an organic fuel, such as an alcohol, as a substrate. Electric current can flow between the anode and cathode.

Description

[0001] governmental support [0002] This work was done in part under grant (grant number N00014-03-0222) from the Office of Naval Research. The US Government has certain rights in this invention. Background of the invention [0003] The present invention generally relates to biological enzyme-based fuel cells (a.k.a. biofuel cells) and their production and use. More particularly, the present invention relates to biocathodes and their production and use. [0004] Related literature description [0005] References cited throughout this specification are incorporated herein by reference. The discussion of those references is intended merely to summarize what their authors assert and is not an admission that any reference constitutes prior art. Applicants reserve the right to dispute the accuracy and pertinency of the cited references. [0006] A biofuel cell is a biochemical device in which energy from chemical reactions is converted into electrical energy by the catalytic ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M8/16H01M4/90C12Q1/00
CPCY02E60/527Y02E60/50
Inventor S·D·明特尔S·托普恰吉奇B·特罗伊
Owner SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY
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