174results about How to "Minimize waste" patented technology

A carbon credit is a generic term for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide or the mass of another greenhouse gas with a carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) equivalent to one ton of carbon dioxide.

Carbon credits and carbon markets are a component of national and international attempts to mitigate the growth in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). One carbon credit is equal to one ton of carbon dioxide, or in some markets, carbon dioxide equivalent gases. Carbon trading is an application of an emissions trading approach. Greenhouse gas emissions are capped and then markets are used to allocate the emissions among the group of regulated sources.

Carbon credits can be generated by any process that conforms to ISO 14064-66 standards. Once generated, carbon credits can be stored in a distributed, Cloud-based ledger. The ledger entries can serve as a registry for carbon credits as well as the data source for an Internet-enabled trading system or financial exchange that allows the carbon credits to be sold and bought as part of the same system. The distributed ledger can provide records that combine the details of the carbon credits' origin, transaction history, and financial instructions associated with trading of the carbon credits via a distributed ledger system.

A wireless communication device disposed on a moving vehicle. The wireless communication device further includes a geographic location determination processor for determining a geographic location on a city map. The wireless communication device further receives a vehicle location and arrival schedule request for sending a message to a passenger waiting for the vehicle for providing the geographic location on the city map and an estimated arrival time of the vehicle to a passenger waiting for the vehicle.

A method is provided for allocating a transmission period in a wireless network system. An access point (AP) transmits a PSMP frame indicating a downlink period and an uplink period allocated to each station (STA), and at least one sub PSMP frame indicating an allocated downlink period for at least one of a retransmission of downlink data and a transmission of an ACK indicating successful receipt of uplink data. After exchanging data with the AP in the downlink and uplink periods indicated by the PSMP frame, an STA receives the each sub PSMP frame, and performs at least one of a reception of the retransmitted downlink data and a reception of the ACK in the downlink period indicated by the each sub MAP frame.

Provided is an apparatus and method for calibrating a channel in a radio communication system using multiple antennas. A base station apparatus for the radio communication system includes a channel estimator and a calculator. The channel estimator receives a UL sounding signal to estimate a first UL CSI and receives a UL sounding signal weighted with a DL CSI to estimate a second UL CSI. The calculator calculates calibration values for the respective antenna pairs using the first UL CSI and the second UL CSI. Information necessary for channel calibration is transmitted and received in an analog format. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the waste of resource and time necessary for channel calibration.

In a first embodiment, a dynamic computer system security method and system using dynamic encryption and full synchronization between system nodes. A data record created by a source user is encrypted with an initial dynamic session key. A new dynamic session key is generated based upon a data record and a previous dynamic session key. A central authority is used to synchronize and authenticate both source and destination users with constantly regenerated dynamic authentication keys. In a second embodiment, a method of providing dynamic security authentication between wireless communication network nodes. An initial authentication key and an address are assigned to certain of the nodes. The address along with information encrypted by the initial authentication key is sent to an authentication server. The authentication server and node or nodes synchronously regenerate authentication keys based upon the initial authentication key. Secure handovers occur between nodes via an authentication key.

A thermoelectric device is provided that includes a top plate with surface including a first and second portion. A first plurality of thermoelectric elements are coupled to the first portion, and a second plurality of thermoelectric elements are coupled to the second portion. A base plate is coupled to the first and second plurality of thermoelectric elements. The first and second plurality of thermoelectric elements are operable to transfer thermal energy from the top plate to the base plate when an electrical current is passed through the first and second plurality of thermoelectric elements. The second plurality of thermoelectric elements receives a higher electrical current density than the first plurality of thermoelectric elements, and the second plurality of thermoelectric elements transfer more thermal energy per unit area of the top plate than the first plurality of thermoelectric elements.

The invention includes a method for preparing a crystalline zeolite having the X-ray diffraction lines of Table 1. The method includes preparing a template-free reaction mixture including at least one active source of a first oxide selected from the group consisting of an oxide of silicon, germanium or both, optionally at least one active source of a second oxide selected from the group consisting of an oxide of aluminum, boron, gallium, iron or a mixture thereof; and heating the reaction mixture at crystallization conditions for sufficient time to form a crystallized material containing zeolite crystals having the X-ray diffraction lines of Table 1, where said zeolite crystals have a first oxide/second oxide molar ratio greater than 12.

A surgical scalpel assembly includes a blade carrier, a blade, a protective sleeve and a handle. The blade carrier has a number of notches and the protective sleeve has a depending tooth. The user positions the sleeve relative to the blade carrier and/or the handle by positioning the tooth to engage the notches. The blade carrier, blade, and protective sleeve are pre-assembled as a cartridge. A high volume yet safe method of assembly is also described.

Assemblies in accordance with the invention can lead to an exceptionally easy to use, safe, and convenient system and method of applying a fixed dosage of chemicals to which a user might wish to avoid contact, such as parasiticides. In the present invention, a fluid, such as a pesticide or parasiticide, glue, solvent, lubricant, medicament and the like is loaded into a fluid reservoir and the reservoir sealed. The reservoir can be attached to a cap-applicator structure which is in an inactive configuration. In the inactive configuration, a piercing tip remains poised over the reservoir in an inactive configuration without forming an opening in the reservoir. The cap-applicator can have a sharp intsernal piercing tip capable of piercing the reservoir when the assembly is converted into an active configuration. This will allow the user to dispense the liquid out of the reservoir through the applicator.

A system to provide scents includes a scent receiver to replaceable receive scent carriers that carry scent media, a scent actuator operable to controllable release scent, and a configurable circulation subsystem. Peltier devices may used to induce active heating and active cooling of scent media according to defined scent sequence information or scent tracks. The system is also operable to collect air, including scents, from an ambient environment, and temporarily retaining such for sampling by a user. Scent tracks may be defined and shared amongst users and other entities.

A system and method for converting a high free fatty acid grease feedstock to biodiesel. The process comprises a glycerolysis reaction to convert free fatty acids to glycerides and a base catalyzed transesterification reaction to produce fatty acid methyl esters and glycerin in the absence of solvents. In preferred embodiments, both glycerin and methanol are recycled. The process can process a feedstock containing up to 100 percent free fatty acid content to produce biodiesel and glycerin with minimal waste generation.

A mascara brush head includes bristles made from shape memory polymer (SMP) filaments or fibers. The shape memory polymer filaments are selected to exhibit a first shape during assembly of the brush, and a second shape after exposure to an external stimulus in the form of heat or other energy. The brush head is initially assembled, i.e., lengths of SMP filaments are placed between wire segments and the wire segments are then twisted about each other to form a twisted wire core. The core grips the filament lengths medially of their outer ends, usually substantially at their midpoints, so as to clamp them. The first shape can be straight to facilitate assembly of the fibers in the wire core. The second shape, after assembly in the core and after being subjected to the external stimulus, can be any bristle shape suitable for enhancing the function of the brush, e.g., kinked, wavy or coiled. The brush head may be comprised solely of SMP filaments, or may be a blend of SMP filaments and any other suitable filament (e.g., nylon, natural plant or animal fibers, etc.).

A Layer 2 switch manages distribution destinations of a multicast packet and distributes a copy of the multicast packet, so that the bandwidth wasted in a network is reduced. The Layer 2 switch is disposed between a user terminal and a packet transfer apparatus, which are connected by P2P, has a function to manage connected multicast users, receives a multicast packet on behalf of the users, and distributes a copy, to reduce the bandwidth wasted between the Layer 2 switch and the packet transfer apparatus.

The present invention describes a process and a device for saving diafiltrate by partial regeneration using adsorbers. An object of the invention is to decrease the requirement of dialysate and/or substituate in the depletion of a substance of class X by means of special microstructured adsorption/filtration devices. An object of the invention is also to enable control of the concentration of a substance group X by hemodialysis and/or hemofiltration, such that by partial recirculation of the diafiltrate in the regeneration circuit, the net throughput of diafiltrate can be kept lower. The process serves for saving dialysate and/or substituate solution in control of the concentration of a substance group X in a complex biological liquid compartment, wherein the net throughput of dialysate and/or substituate is minimized by some of the diafiltrate being regenerated by an internal regeneration cycle (RKL) which is able to deplete substrates or products (substance group Y) of the substance group X in the biological liquid compartment.

A seed treatment apparatus provides for minimal waste of products for treating seeds, in that it is precisely controllable and automatically adjustable. A volume of seeds to be treated and a flow rate of treatment product for treating the seeds can both be sensed. At least one of the flow rate of the treatment product and the volume of seeds can automatically be adjusted if it is determined that a ratio of the flow rate of treatment product to the volume of seeds is not the same as a predetermined flow rate to volume ratio.

A printer for printing to label paper and other types of continuous paper minimizes wasteful consumption of continuous paper and enables operating in a self-printing mode conforming to the specifications of the continuous paper currently in use. The printer prints to roll paper including label paper having a plurality of labels affixed to a continuous web backer with a gap between the labels. A paper transportation control unit controls the transportation mechanism for conveying the roll paper along a transportation path. A printing control unit controls a printing mechanism including a print head disposed to the transportation path. A sensor disposed on the upstream side in the transportation direction from the print head detects paper information about the roll paper. A print data generating unit generates the self-printing data based on information stored in the printer. The paper transportation control unit has a printing start position control unit that determines the printing start position of the self-printing data and positions the continuous paper to the print head based on the paper information, and a next-line printing position control unit that determines the printing start position of the self-printing data to be printed next and positions the continuous paper to the print head based on the paper information after printing the self-printing data starts.

The present invention is a hybrid system for generating power from hydrocarbon and alcohol fuels using a two-stage process to achieve high overall energy conversion efficiency. The first stage is a reformer and fuel cell subsystem that uses an internal combustion engine operated at an air/fuel ratio richer than stoichiometric as a partial oxidation reformer for commonly available liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon or alcohol fuels. The engine produces shaft power and a product gas mixture containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and traces of light hydrocarbons that is used as fuel in fuel cells to generate electric power. The second stage is a heat engine subsystem that captures heat from the reformer and fuel cell subsystem, and produces additional shaft power. In addition to efficiency, advantages include adaptability to a variety of fuels, quick system startup with immediate shaft power availability, and low emission of pollutantants.

A method of making aluminum alloy sheet in a continuous in-line process is provided. A continuously-cast aluminum alloy strip is optionally quenched, hot or warm rolled, annealed or heat-treated in-line, optionally quenched, and preferably coiled, with additional hot, warm or cold rolling steps as needed to reach the desired gauge. The process can be used to make aluminum alloy sheet of T or O temper having the desired properties, in a much shorter processing time.

The invention includes a method for preparing a crystalline zeolite having the X-ray diffraction lines of Table 1. The method includes preparing a template-free reaction mixture including at least one active source of a first oxide selected from the group consisting of an oxide of silicon, germanium or both, optionally at least one active source of a second oxide selected from the group consisting of an oxide of aluminum, boron, gallium, iron or a mixture thereof; and heating the reaction mixture at crystallization conditions for sufficient time to form a crystallized material containing zeolite crystals having the X-ray diffraction lines of Table 1, where said zeolite crystals have a first oxide/second oxide molar ratio greater than 12.

Wasteful use of radio resources is minimized in a packet transmission system which performs retransmission control at a higher layer. When transmission of a segment has failed at a lower layer and, for example, when the number of lower-layer retransmit requests from an error detection unit at the lower layer has exceeded a predetermined threshold, any other segment remaining to be transmitted in a packet of which the failed segment forms a part is discarded and, at the same time, a retransmit request is sent to a retransmission control unit at the higher layer.

The present invention relates to a method for detecting foreign material, and an apparatus and a system therefor, and a method for detecting foreign material in a wireless power transmitter, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: measuring a quality factor value, which corresponds to a reference operation frequency, when an object is sensed; searching for a current peak frequency having a maximum quality factor value within an operation frequency band; receiving, form a wireless power receiver, a foreign material detection state packet including information on a reference peak frequency; correcting the measured quality factor value by using a difference value between the current peak frequency and the reference peak frequency; and determining whether the foreign material exists by comparing the corrected quality factor value with a predetermined quality factor threshold value. Therefore, the present invention has an advantage of enabling foreign material to be more effectively and accurately detected.

The present invention relates to a method for detecting a foreign material, and a device and system therefor. The method for detecting a foreign material in a wireless power transmitter provided with a resonance circuit for wirelessly transmitting power according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step of detecting an object disposed in a charging area; a step of measuring a quality factor value of a resonance circuit, following the detection of the object; a step of identifying a wireless power receiver by sending out a detection signal; a step of determining a critical value for detecting a foreign material, on the basis of a reference quality factor value received from the identified wireless power receiver; and a step of judging whether or not the foreign material exists, by comparing the measured quality factor value and the determined critical value, wherein the critical value may be determined by applying a weight which increases in accordance with the reference quality factor value. Accordingly, the present invention has the advantage of detecting a foreign material more effectively and accurately.