9117results about "Hydrocarbon preparation" patented technology

The invention relates to a process for producing a hydrocarbon component of biological origin. The process comprises at least two steps, the first one of which is a HDO step and the second one is an isomerization step operated using the counter-current flow principle. A biological raw material containing fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters serves as the feed stock.

A process for the selective production of ethylene by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethylene in a single reaction zone is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over either a copper supported on iron oxide, copper-aluminum catalyst, cobalt supported on H-ZSM-5, ruthenium-cobalt supported on silica or cobalt supported on carbon selectively produces ethylene in a vapor phase at a temperature in the range of about 250° C. to 350° C.

This invention provides methods and compositions for producing high titer, substantially purified preparations of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) that can be used as vectors for gene delivery. At the onset of vector production, AAV producer cells of this invention typically comprise one or more AAV packaging genes, an AAV vector comprising a heterologous (i.e. non-AAV) transgene of interest, and a helper virus such as an adenovirus. The AAV vector preparations produced are generally replication incompetent but are capable of mediating delivery of a transgene of interest (such as a therapeutic gene) to any of a wide variety of tissues and cells. The AAV vector preparations produced according to this invention are also substantially free of helper virus as well as helper viral and cellular proteins and other contaminants. The invention described herein provides methods of producing rAAV particles by culturing producer cells under conditions, such as temperature and pH, that promote release of virus. Also provided is a quantitative, high-throughput assay useful in the assessment of viral infectivity and replication, as well as in the screening of agent that affect viral infectivity and / or replication.

This invention relates to a process for transforming methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising: use methanol as raw material, with modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve as catalyst, under conditions of operation pressure 0.1-5.0Mpa, operation temperature 300-460Deg C, raw material liquid air speed 0.1-6.0h-1, transformed to products with aromatic hydrocarbons as main components; separate the gas-phase products lower carbon hydrocarbons from the liquid-phase C5+ hydrocarbons by cooling separation; the liquid-phase C5+ hydrocarbons then can be separated to be aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons by extracting separation. This invention is characterized of high total selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons and flexible process operation.

A process for producing a fuel composition from vegetable and / or animal oil comprises hydrodeoxygenating and hydroisomerizing the oil in a single step. The fuel composition has acceptable lubricity and comprises a mixture of C14 to C18 paraffins having a ratio of iso to normal paraffins of 2 to 8 and less than 5 ppm sulfur.

The present invention provides a catalytic steam gasification process for gasifying petroleum coke. The solids composition within the gasification reactor of the disclosed invention is maintained by controlling the catalyst composition of the feed. The process utilizes sour water from the raw gasification product gases to recover and recycle catalyst. Fine particles generated in the handling of coke are advantageously utilized to increase the efficiency of the process.

A process of activated cracking of high molecular organic waste material which includes confining the organic waste material in a reactor space as a mixture with a pulverized electrically conducting material (sensitizer) and / or catalysts and / or "upgrading agents" and treating this mixture by microwave or radio frequency electro-magnetic radiation. Organic waste materials include hydrocarbons or their derivatives, polymers or plastic materials and shredded rubber. The shredded rubber can be the source of the sensitizer and / or catalyst material as it is rich in carbon and other metallic species. This sensitizer can also consist of pulverized coke or pyrolytically carbonized organic feedstock and / or highly dispersed metals and / or other inorganic materials with high dielectric loss which absorb microwave or radio frequency energy.

The present invention relates to catalyst-loaded coal compositions having a moisture content of less than about 6 wt %, a process for the preparation of catalyst-loaded coal compositions, and an integrated process for the gasification of the catalyst-loaded coal compositions. The catalyst-loaded coal compositions can be prepared by a diffusive catalyst loading process that provides for a highly dispersed catalyst that is predominantly associated with the coal matrix, such as by ion-exchange.

A guided wave applicator comprising two electrically conductive waveguide walls and a waveguide dielectric. The volume of the waveguide dielectric is composed of non-gaseous dielectric material and is positioned between the two waveguide walls. The waveguide dielectric includes first and second longitudinal ends and includes first, second, third and fourth sides extending longitudinally between the two longitudinal ends. The first waveguide wall is positioned so that it covers the first side of the waveguide dielectric, and the second waveguide wall is positioned so that it covers the second side of the waveguide dielectric. In operation, electrical power can be supplied to one or both longitudinal ends of the waveguide dielectric, whereby the power can be coupled to a plasma through the exposed sides of the waveguide dielectric.

Biofuels can be produced by: (i) providing a biomass containing celluloses, hemicelluloses, lignin, nitrogen compounds and sulfur compounds; (ii) contacting the biomass with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing carbohydrates; (iii) contacting the pretreated biomass with hydrogen in the presence of a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co and / or Ni incorporated into a suitable support to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates, and (vi) processing at least a portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a liquid fuel.

The present invention provides methods for decomposing and extracting compositions for the recovery of petroleum-based materials from composites comprising those petroleum-based materials, comprising subjecting the compositions and / or composites to microwave radiation, wherein the microwave radiation is in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz. The present invention also provides for products produced by the methods of the present invention and for apparatuses used to perform the methods of the present invention.

The process described by this invention involves the hydroconversion of vegetable oils appropriately selected for the production of N-paraffins, through hydrotreatment of a stream of vegetable hydrocarbon oils in and / or natural fats that may be used in a pure state or in a mixture with mineral hydrocarbon oil. This mixture flow is submitted to the process of hydrotreatment, obtaining as a result, a product flow with an elevated content of N-paraffins in the range of C10-C-13. This process provides an alternative to the usual process that uses a mineral hydrocarbon oil load (petroleum kerosene of paraffin base) to produce C10-C13 N-paraffins that are raw materials for the production of detergents (LAB), being, therefore, especially advantageous for use in situations where kerosene is a limiting factor for producing N-paraffins, resulting in a product of good quality with a reasonable gain in the production of N-paraffins.

The invention relates to a catalyst for dehydrogenating propane to prepare propone, which uses thermal-resistant oxide as carrier, uses palladium-group metal as main catalyst, uses IV A group metal and rare-earth metal as agents, uses halogen as modifier, and uses inorganic oxide with high temperature resistance as adhesive. The inventive catalyst under high temperature and low pressure has higher propane transfer rate, propone selectivity and reaction stability. And the preparation comprises that at 60-100Deg. C, immerging thermal-resistant oxide with rare-earth metal water solution for 2-10h, at 60-180Deg. C baking for 2-10h, at 400-600Deg. C baking for 3-10h, immerging said carrier and the water solution which contains palladium metal and IVA metal at 60-100Deg. C for 2-10h, and baking for 2-10h at 60-180Deg. C, adding adhesive, protruding agent and acid gel solvent, protruding and shaping, baking for 2-10h at 60-180Deg. C, activating for 3-10h at 400-600Deg. C, and reducing for 2-10h in hydrogen flow at 400-600Deg. C.

Particulate compositions are described comprising a carbonaceous material, such as petroleum coke and / or coal, treated or otherwise associated with a gasification catalyst, where the catalyst is at least in part derived from a leachate from a biomass char, for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

The invention relates to chemical industry and is directed to the production of middle distillate from vegetable oils. In the first step of the production method, the fatty acids or triglycerides of said vegetable oils are hydrogenated to give n-paraffins, and in the second step, the n-paraffins are catalytically converted to paraffins with branched chains. Using this process having two steps, a high-quality middle distillate useful as a component of diesel fuels without any particular specifications may be produced.

Graft polymers are used as gas hydrate inhibitors.

A self-sustaining process for producing high quality liquid fuels from biomass in which the biomass is hydropyrolyzed in a reactor vessel containing molecular hydrogen and a deoxygenating catalyst, producing a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis liquid, which is hydrogenated using a hydroconversion catalyst, producing a substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon liquid and a gaseous mixture comprising CO and light hydrocarbon gases (C1-C3). The gaseous mixture is reformed in a steam reformer, producing reformed molecular hydrogen, which is then introduced into the reactor vessel for hydropyrolizing the biomass. The deoxygenated hydrocarbon liquid product is further separated to produce diesel fuel, gasoline, or blending components for gasoline and diesel fuel.

The invention discloses a low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is prepared from chromium serving as an active metal ingredient, alkali metal serving as an auxiliary catalytic ingredient and chromium-containing aluminum oxide serving as a carrier, wherein the weight content of the chromium oxide in the carrier is 2.0 to 15.0 percent. In the method, the active metal ingredient, namely chromium, is introduced into the aluminum oxide carrier by partially using a kneading method and partially using an immersion method; pseudo-boehmite mixed with chromium is processed by adopting a three-step roasting method and a hydrothermal method; and thus, the porous structure and the surface character of the carrier can be improved, the content and the distribution of the active metal chromium in the carrier and the mutual effect between the active metal and the aluminum oxide are further modulated, the activity and the stability of the catalyst are improved, the carbon depositing resistance of the catalyst is enhanced, and the service life of the catalyst is prolonged.

Systems for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, two separate gasification reactors to convert a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and / or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

A method to promote the activity of a catalyst for dehydrogenation of propane to propylene is as follows: (1) an inorganic oxide bonding agent, a promoter and an acid solvent are added into a heat-resistant oxide; then after the oxide bonding agent, the promoter, the acid solvent and the oxide are kneaded evenly, the oxide is molded by rolling or band-extruding; (2) the catalyst carrier prepared is dried for 2 to 10 hours under the temperature of 60 centigrade degrees, and calcined under the temperature of 400 to 800 degrees; (3) the calcined carrier is immersed in a rare earth metal water solution under the temperature of 60 to 100 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours; (4) the catalyst carrier modified by the rare earth is immersed in a water solution comprising platinum metal elementsand the fourteenth metal elements under the temperature of 400 to 600 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours, and then the carrier is filtered, washed with distilled water, dried under the temperature of 60 to 180 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours, and calcined under the temperature of 400 to 600 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours; (5) the catalyst prepared is activated in the air under the temperature of 400 to 600 centigrade degrees for 3 to 10 hours, and reduced in a hydrogen flow under the temperature of 400 to 600 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours; the reduced catalyst is used for catalytic reaction for dehydrogenation of propane to propylene.

Processes are provided for capturing and recycling carbonaceous fines generated during a gasification process. In particular, the recycled fines are processed into a particulate composition which is useable as a carbonaceous feedstock and is conversion into a gas stream comprising methane.

A highly dispersed iron-based ionic liquid or liquid-gel catalyst which may be anion-modified and metals-promoted has high catalytic activity, and is useful for hydrocracking / hydrogenation reactions for carbonaceous feed materials. The catalyst is produced by aqueous precipitation from saturated iron salt solutions such as ferric sulfate and ferric alum, and may be modified during preparation with anionic sulfate (SO42-) and promoted with small percentages of at least one active metal such as cobalt, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, nickel, or tungsten or mixtures thereof. The resulting catalyst may be used in a preferred ionic liquid form or in a liquid-gel form, and either fluidic form can be easily mixed and reacted with carbonaceous feed materials such as coal, heavy petroleum fractions, mixed plastic waste, or mixtures thereof. The invention includes methods for making the ionic liquid or liquid-gel catalyst, and processes for using the fluidic catalysts for hydroprocessing the carbonaceous feed materials to produce desirable low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products.

Biofuels can be produced via an organic phase hydrocatalytic treatment of biomass using an organic solvent that is partially miscible with water. An organic hydrocarbon-rich phase from the hydrocatalytically treated products can be recycled to form at least a portion of the organic phase.

A process has been developed for producing aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks such as plant oils and animal fats and oils. The process involves treating a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating to provide n-paraffins having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. At least some of the n-paraffins are isomerized to improve cold flow properties. At least a portion of the paraffins are selectively cracked to provide paraffins meeting specifications for different aviation fuels such as JP-8.

A process for producing a blended fuel from a paraffin rich component and a cyclic rich component, where each of the components are generated from a renewable feedstock, is presented. The paraffin rich component is generated from glycerides and free fatty acids in feedstocks such as plant and animal oils. The cyclic rich component is generated from biomass derived pyrolysis oil. The source of the animal or plant oil and the biomass may be the same renewable source.

The invention relates to a hydrotreating method (HDT) using two plants working under different operating conditions with an intermediate stripping for co-treating a mixture made up of oils of vegetable or animal origin and petroleum cuts (gas oil cuts (GO) and middle distillates) in order to produce gas oil fuel bases meeting specifications. The first plant (HDT1) is more particularly dedicated to the reactions concerning oils of vegetable or animal origin in comixture while pretreating the hydrocarbon feed, whereas the second plant (HDS2) works under more severe conditions to obtain diesel fuel according to standards, in particular in terms of effluent sulfur content, density and cold properties. The process economy, the activity and the stability of the catalyst of the second plant are greatly improved by the intermediate stripping.

Processes are provided for preparing a substantially free-flowing alkali metal gasification catalyst-loaded coal particulate suitable for use as a feedstock for the production of gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic gasification of the catalyst-loaded coal particulate in the presence of steam.

Processes are provided for preparing a substantially free-flowing alkali metal gasification catalyst-loaded carbonaceous particulate suitable for use as a feedstock for the production of gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic gasification of the catalyst-loaded carbonaceous particulate in the presence of steam.

Compositions and methods for forming hydrocarbon products from triglycerides are disclosed. In one aspect, the methods involve the thermal decomposition of fatty acids, which can be derived from the hydrolysis of triglycerides. The thermal decomposition products can be combined with low molecular weight olefins, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, and subjected to molecular averaging reactions. Alternatively, the products can be subjected to hydrocracking reactions, isomerization reactions, and the like. The products can be isolated in the gasoline, jet and / or diesel fuel ranges. Thus, vegetable oils and / or animal fats can be converted using water, catalysts, and heat, into conventional products in the gasoline, jet and / or diesel fuel ranges. These products are virtually indistinguishable from those derived from their petroleum-based analogs, except that they can have virtually no aromatic, sulfur or nitrogen content, they are derived, in whole or in part, from renewable resources, and can also be derived from domestically available coal and / or natural gas.

Described is a method for making a composition comprising alkanes. The composition is suitable for use as a liquid transportation fuel in general, and jet fuel in particular. The method includes dehydrating a feedstock solution comprising a carbohydrate, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to yield at least one furan derivative compound, in a reaction vessel containing a biphasic reaction medium: an aqueous reaction solution and a substantially immiscible organic extraction solution. The furan derivative compound is then subjected to a self-aldol condensation reaction or a crossed-aldol condensation reaction with another carbonyl compound to yield a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound and / or an alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl compound. The beta-hydroxy carbonyl and / or alpha-beta unsaturated compounds are then hydrogenated to yield a saturated or partially saturated compound, followed by hydrodeoxygenation (e.g., dehydrating and hydrogenating) of the saturated or partially saturated compound to yield a composition of matter comprising alkanes.