The invention relates to a manufacturing method for a quartz glass cylindrical surface polishing disc based on a gel substrate. The method comprises the following specific steps that according to the radius of a quartz glass cylindrical surface needing to be polished, the thickness of the gel substrate is determined, and the size of a mold is determined; (2) a mixed aqueous solution of polyving akohol, sodium alga acid, silicon dioxide and cerium oxide is prepared and poured into the mold, freezing is repeated, unfreezing is circulated for many times, gel is formed, then the generated gel is placed in a cerium oxide polishing solution for steeping, and finally washing is conducted with distilled water; and (3) the gel is laid on the mold, constant-temperature drying is conducted till the weight is constant, and then the quartz glass cylindrical surface polishing disc is obtained. According to the polishing disc based on the polyving akohol and sodium alga acid gel substrate, compared with the prior art, the space net-shaped structure of the gel is utilized to wrap nanoscale cerium oxide particles, a cylindrical surface mold is formed after drying and used for polishing the quartz glass cylindrical surface, the polishing requirements are met, the polishing grinding material is saved, environment pollution is reduced, and cost is reduced.