The invention discloses thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum and application thereof to biological hydrogen production. The name of the thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum is thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum MJI, and the thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum with the preservation number of CGMCC No:60096 is preserved at the Microbial Strain Collection Center of Guangdong, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology on Floor 5, No. 59, No. 100 Courtyard, Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, the People's Republic of China on Oct. 31, 2016. The thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum has the following advantages that pentose and hexose can be directly utilized, xylose in acid pretreatment liquid can be directly utilized, and an additional acid pretreatment liquid detoxification process is not required; the hydrogen yield is higher; the hydrogen production efficiency is higher. Therefore, the thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum has wide application and popularization prospect in the biological hydrogen production.