1399 results about "Corn stover" patented technology

One aspect of the invention relates to a process, comprising treating lignocellulosic biomass according to a first pretreatment protocol, thereby generating a first product mixture; separating the first product mixture into a first plurality of fractions; and treating at least one fraction of said first plurality of fractions according to a second pretreatment protocol, thereby generating a second product mixture. In one embodiment, the lignocellulosic biomass is selected from the group consisting of grass, switch grass, cord grass, rye grass, reed canary grass, miscanthus, sugar-processing residues, sugarcane bagasse, agricultural wastes, rice straw, rice hulls, barley straw, corn cobs, cereal straw, wheat straw, canola straw, oat straw, oat hulls, corn fiber, stover, soybean stover, corn stover, forestry wastes, recycled wood pulp protocol protocol fiber, paper sludge, sawdust, hardwood, softwood, and combinations thereof.

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for conversion of cellulosic material, such as chopped straw and corn stover, and household waste, to ethanol and other products. The cellulosic material is subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of chemicals, and a liquid and a fibre fraction are produced. The fibre fraction is subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification. The method of the present invention comprises:

• • performing the hydrothermal pre-treatment by subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one soaking operation, and conveying the cellulosic material through at least one pressurised reactor, and subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one pressing operation, creating a fibre fraction and a liquid fraction;
  • selecting the temperature and residence time for the hydrothermal pretreatment, so that the fibrous structure of the feedstock is maintained and at least 80% of the lignin is maintained in the fibre fraction.

The invention discloses a water-saving fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The water-saving fertilizer-saving method comprises a wheat planting method and a maize planting method, wherein the wheat planting method and the maize planting method both comprise steps of seeding, fertilizing, irrigating, field management, chemical weeding, pest control, harvesting and the like, and all the wheat and maize straws are returned to the fields. By means of the water-saving fertilizer-saving method, the effect of water saving, fertilizer saving and high yield is improved, the fertilizer utilization rate is increased, and fertilizing labor intensity and cost are reduced.

The invention discloses a method for producing a biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: thermal cracking or gasifying corn straw, or apple tree waste branch, trunk and wood chip to obtain the biocarbon; mixing the biocarbon and an ammonium nitrate solution, or urea and the ammonium nitrate solution, fully stirring and drying, or adding a binder with 1-3% of total amount and sending to a granulation system for granulation, then drying to obtain the biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer product. The fertilizer has the advantages of simple and easy preparation technology, and low cost. The biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer contains 10-12% of nitrogen, the biocarbon carrier material is stable in soil, and is a good soil amendment and a carbon sequestration agent, soil is applied for improving soil fertilization, the nitrogen element of the nitrogenous fertilizer loaded by the biocarbon has slow-release effect, so that the loss of the nitrogen element can be reduced, the nitrogenous fertilizer utilization rate can be enhanced; the biocarbon can retain in soil for long-term to play the effects of carbon sequestration and carbon emission reduction, the biocarbon is helpful for alleviating climate warming, and biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is a green fertilizer.

The invention discloses a production method for a biological organic fertilizer which belongs to the field of manufacturing of composite fertilizers. The production method comprises the following steps: with pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, sheep manure, vinasse, vinegar residue, cassava residue, furfural residue, uncontaminated river mud, corn straw, peanut straw, rape straw, a cottonseed cake, plant ash, a deodorant, a biological nitrogen fixation bacterium, a phosphate solubilizing bacterium, a potassium solubilizing bacterium, a nodule bacterium and a phosphorus activator used as raw materials, carrying out tank continuous fermentation to allow the raw materials become thoroughly decomposed; carrying out deodorizing and removing water; and carrying out granulation to obtain the granular biological organic fertilizer. The fertilizer has the following advantages: a complete range of nutrient elements, capacity of improving physical and chemical properties of soil and enhancing water retention, fertilizer retention and fertility supplying capacity of the soil, no corrosion and damage to roots and seedlings and capacity of substantially improving the quality of an agricultural product.

The invention relates to a few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under a complete straw mulching condition. The seeding and fertilizing method comprises the following steps of: after wheat is harvested by a combined wheat harvester, covering straws on the surface of soil in a strip manner basically, and implementing subsoiling, shallow and deep fertilization and seeding of corns in one step in seeding lines by a no-tillage corn seeding and fertilizing machine; and after the corns are harvested by a combined corn harvester, cutting up corn straws by rotary blades of the combined corn harvester, uniformly covering the corn straws on the surface of the ground, and implementing subsoiling, rotary tillage of wheat seeding belts, seeding of wheat and shallow and deep fertilization in one step by a no-tillage wheat seeding and fertilizing machine. The few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method has the advantages of alleviating disturbance on soil, ensuring the variety and stable quantity of microorganisms in surface soil, being beneficial to benign growth of roots of crops and eliminating the influence of crop straw mulching on the quality of seeding and seedling emergence of wheat and corns.

Paper, cotton, corn stover, straw, and wood are converted into furanic products in high yields (based on their cellulose content) using a simple, inexpensive process involving concurrent hydrolysis, dehydration, and substitution reactions coupled with continuous extraction into an organic phase. In a simultaneous process, the hemicellulose fraction of these substrates is converted into furfural, and together these constitute an efficient means for the total exploitation of the carbohydrate content of biomass.

A conventional corn head comprises side-by-side row units, each including a frame supporting a pair of snapping rolls below a pair of gathering chains for guiding corn stalks to the snapping rolls which operate to detach corn ears from the stalks, which remain attached to the ground. The row units are each designed such that they can be easily converted for harvesting the entire corn plant by adding one or more cutting disks for being driven together with idler sprockets of the gathering chain arrangement so as to sever the corn stalks from the ground. The gathering chains can also be replaced by chains including stalk grasping arrangements so as to better convey the stalks to a cross conveyor located behind the row units. The snapping rolls can be removed and their drive shafts shielded by deck plates located below the cutting disks when the row units are converted for harvesting entire corn plants. The cutting disks and gathering chains having a stalk grasping characteristic can be provided as part of a kit that is supplied for converting the row units of a conventional corn head into row units for harvesting entire corn plants.

The invention discloses a weaned lamb forage and a preparation method thereof. The weaned lamb forage is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 45-55 parts of corn straw, 30-40 parts of Pennisetum sinese Roxb, 15-25 parts of Black Locust leaf, 5-10 parts of Herba Leonuri, 10-20 parts of sweet potato residue, 10-15 parts of brewer's grain, 20-30 parts of peanut hull powder, 1-2 parts of a starter, 40-50 parts of corn flour, 20-25 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of a lyophilized powder additive, 3-5 parts of fried rice flour, 5-8 parts of MaiFan stone, 2-4 parts of mandarin oil, 3-6 parts of sodium alginate, 0.2-0.3 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.3-0.4 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.3-0.5 parts of salt. The forage contains all nutrition required by the growth of weaned lambs, guarantees the healthy production of the weaned lambs, provides healthcare values, and raises the growth speed of the weaned lambs.

A method for preparing modified maize straw hydrothermal charcoal by adopting KOH comprises the following steps: smashing the maize straw into powder; taking proper amount of maize straw powder, mixing with a distilled water,and conducting hydrothermal reaction in a reaction kettle so as to prepare the maize straw hydrothermal charcoal; mixing the obtained hydrothermal charcoal and a KOH solution, stirring for a period of time, and then conducting filtering, water washing and stoving so as to obtain the modified maize straw hydrothermal charcoal. The method is simple, and facilitates industrialized production; comparing the effect of the prepared modified hydrothermal charcoal with that of the conventional charcoal or a conventional similar charcoal adsorbent, the adsorptivity on heavy metal is greatly improved, and the stability is considerable.

The invention discloses a biogas residue humus pot and a preparation method thereof. The biogas residue humus pot is made of 62.5-186.5 parts of fresh biogas residue, 50-150 parts of clay and 0.5-5 parts of cotton seed hulls or 1-18 parts of wheat straws or corn straws. The fresh biogas residue, the clay and the cotton seed hulls (or wheat/corn straws) are proportionally mixed well to obtain a mixture, the mixture is fed into a mould to be manually or mechanically pressed into an object with a rectangular or disc-shaped seeding hole in the middle, and the object is then stripped and naturally aired for 2-8 days or dried so as to obtain a biogas residue humus pot or seedling raising tray. The biogas residue humus pot is full of nutrients and high in organic content, further contains vitamins B, gibberellin, heteroauxin, amino acid and active enzymes, has fine chemical and biological properties, and meets conditions of compost. The biogas residue humus pot has the advantages of no environmental pollution, natural degradability, no need of stripping, simplicity in preparation, low cost, fastness in seedling raising speed, capability of enhancing seedlings, effectiveness and the like.

The invention discloses a peel-pith-leaf separator of a maize straw. The separator comprises a rack (13) and a power mechanism (12) arranged on the rack and is characterized in that a guiding conveying mechanism, a leaf removing mechanism, a peel-stripping mechanism and an output mechanism are arranged on the rack (13) from front to back and are all in transmission connection with the power mechanism (12). The separator disclosed by the invention specially aims at leaf-removing and pith-stripping works so as to realize the function of peel-pith-leaf thorough separation, and further the peel, the pith and the leaf of the maize straw can be respectively and effectively utilized; besides, the separator disclosed by the invention has the advantages of small mechanical vibration, low noise, less energy consumption, strong practicability, good market prospect and worthy of popularization and application.

The invention relates to a preparation method of abamectin dreg fertilizer; the method solves the problem that: the existing preparation method of the organic fertilizer affects the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium when reducing the content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer. The preparation method is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dairy manure, slag, maize straw, ammonium hydrogen carbonate and potassium sulphate are uniformly mixed, composted and fermented; after the fermentation is finished, the dairy manure, the inorganic nutrients of which are fixed by microorganisms is obtained; (2) the abamectin dreg is dried to have 40-55% of the water content; (3) the dairy manure, the inorganic nutrients of which are fixed by microorganisms, the abamectin dreg, humic acid and argil are uniformly mixed and are made into particles, thus obtaining the abamectin dreg fertilizer. The method not only can improve the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the organic fertilizer, but also can effectively reduce the content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer simultaneously; therefore, the produced fertilizer has high content of the total nitrogen, the total phosphorus, the total potassium and organic matters.

The invention relates to a method and device for recycling edible mushroom residues. The method mainly comprises the steps of placing waste mushroom residues and maize straws or excrements from a cattle farm into an anaerobic reactor for united fermentation to produce biogas, and covering a red-mud plastic head cover on the anaerobic reactor, wherein an inclined stirrer is arranged and is beneficial to feeding/discharging of mushroom residue raw materials and avoidance of crusting. The produced biogas is used for power generation and agriculture, biogas residues are used for manufacturing organic fertilizers, biogas slurry is prepared into foliar fertilizer for fruits or vegetables, and thus, new energy sources, namely the biogas and the organic fertilizers, are obtained while the mushroom residues are treated. The method and the device in the invention are mainly used in major edible mushroom producing areas, a solar-panel greenhouse and a solar heat supply device are assorted for the device, a composite microbial inoculum is assorted for the method, and the anaerobic reactor can be normally used all the year round.

The invention discloses a culture medium for edible fungus and a preparation method thereof. The culture medium comprises the following raw materials: 10 to 20 parts of weed tree sawdust, 35 to 40 parts of corncob, 10 to 20 parts of bagasse, 15 to 25 parts of wheat bran, 3 to 8 parts of corn flour, 2 to 7 parts of bean pulp, 30 to 40 parts of pleurotus eryngii fungus residues, 8 to 12 parts of cow manure, 9 to 12 parts of corn stalk, 1 to 5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 to 5 parts of lime, 2 to 3 parts of gypsum, 1 to 5 parts of a compound fertilizer, 2 to 6 parts of calcium superphosphate and 11 to 20 parts of bentonite. The culture medium has a pH value of 7.5 to 8 and water content of 65 to 68%. The culture medium for the edible fungus and the preparation method designed by the invention can ensure the growth rate and color of the edible fungus, improve the nutritional value of the edible fungus, reduce cost and improve yield of the edible fungus.

The invention discloses a soaking finishing agent of rattan and corn straw as raw materials for weaving crafts. The soaking finishing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-20 parts of kuh-seng, 10-15 parts of frutus cnidii, 10-15 parts of stemona root, 10-15 parts of betelnut, 1-2 parts of entomomycete pesticide, 20-30 parts of lime and 20-30 parts of tea.When the soaking finishing agent is in use, the raw materials are mixed and dissolved in water according to a certain proportion, and weaving materials are soaked in a soaking solution for a certain of time, taken out and dried or aired. The soaking finishing agent provided by the invention is non-toxic, harmless and environment-friendly, and the products woven with straw or rattan soaked by the soaking finishing agent provided by the invention can not be mildewed and damaged by worms for dozens of years and keep vivid color and luster.

A method to cultivate xingbo mushroom by utilizing cornstalk includes the preparation of the first level and second level seeds of xingbo mushroom as bacterial seeds, the preparation of growth medium, in which the second level seeds are connected into one end of growth medium under the the bacteria-free condition, bacteria developing caltivation, mushroom birth and growth, mushroom picking, preparing the growth medium by using the cornstalk and small quantity of cotton seed shell as a main material and by using wheat bran, cotton seed cake, white sugar, gypsum powder, calcium superphosphate as a auxiliary material, packing them in the bag for the second level inoculating, then tieing tightly the bag, bacteria developing caltivation for 40-50 days picking up after 5-12 day of primodium being formed and the secondary mushroom can be grown up after the picking up through the transtide. The present invention can solve the pollution problem caused by burning cornstalk and make the waste useful and reduce the cost of production.

The invention discloses a method for preparing complete feed for cattle and sheep by using mushroom medium residues as a raw material for secondary fermentation. The complete feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of mushroom medium residues, 25-40 parts of a plant material, 8-10 parts of corn flour, 5-8 parts of rice bran, 3-5 parts of bean pulp, 3-4 parts of sweet potatoes, 2-3 parts of honey, 0.1-1 part of a fermentation strain and 0.1-0.3 part of trace elements, wherein the plant material is one or mixture of more than one of sugar cane tops, corn stalks, fresh pasture, wheat-straws, rice straws, paper mulberry, peanut vines and weeds. The mushroom medium residues are fermented to prepare feed for cattle and sheep with simple preparation method and low cost; and the feed prepared after fermentation has comprehensive nutrition and sweet taste, can be used for improving the appetite of cattle and sheep, and can be well accepted by cattle and sheep, so that cattle and sheep grow fast.

A method and system for processing biomass material from harvest to pelletizing includes a continuous shredding stage and grinding stage to reduce the size of the material. A fan pulls air through the shredder and the grinder to assist the movement of the biomass material through the shredder and the grinder. Due to the light weight of the biomass material, the material is transported between the shredding and grinding stages mechanically and pneumatically by a combination auger with air assist. The biomass material may include agricultural residues, such as corn stover. The process and equipment eliminates or minimizes damage to the carbohydrates in the biomass so as to maintain pre-grinding cellulose and hemi-cellulose levels.

The invention provides a herbaceous plant nutrient soil, which comprises the following components by mass: 320-340 parts of garden soil, 2-3 parts of bean cake, 3-5 parts of corn straw, 1-2 parts of peat soil, 0.5-0.8 part of chicken manure, 0.2-0.3 part of bone meal, 0.1-0.2 part of shell powder, 2.5-2.8 parts of vermiculite, 0.8-1.2 parts of Phyllanthus emblica herb residue, and 3.2-3.8 parts of plant ash. The herbaceous plant nutrient soil provided by the invention has comprehensive and balanced nutrient substances, and can provide herbaceous plants nutrients needed in the growth period. After use, herbaceous plants grow quickly, and have luxuriant foliage, dark green leaves, and strong disease resistance. The nutrient soil provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple preparation method and low cost, thus being suitable for wide use.

The invention relates to the compound board making using corn and wheat straw, comprising the material processing, mixed gluing, spreading, preheating, hot pressing and after treatment. It can recycle the corn and wheat straws, using polymethlene polyphenyl isocyanate and isocyanate solution in 1:1-1:2. 5 proportion to form the isocyanate adhesive, quick in high temperature solidification, strong in adhesion, low in formaldehyde emission, perfect for indoor decoration. It is highly biological.

A process for converting lignocellulosic materials which are field residues such as cotton stalks and corn stover, process residues such as sugarcane bagasse and sweet sorghum bagasse, woody parts of energy crops such as switchgrass and miscanthus, forest residues or byproducts of the wood processing industries such as sawdust from sawmills to a liquid biofuel by a series of processing steps wherein the feed materials are hydrolysed in three stages and withdrawn as three product streams each consisting of solubilized fragments of one of the three major components of the feed materials and a set of concurrently operating processing steps wherein each of the three product streams is transformed through chemical or biochemical processes into products, such as pure lignin and ethanol, that have a high calorific value and process wherein these products with high calorific value are combined to form a liquid biofuel.

The invention relates to a method for remedying the nitrate pollution of underground water in situ with maize straws, which is characterized in that maize straws or a maize straw hydrolysate serving as a denitrification carbon source and flora-enriched liquid rich in denitrifying bacteria florae are added in nitrate polluted underground water to remove nitrate nitrogen from underground water through bio-denitrification. The method realizes the harmless use of biomass maize straws and remedies the nitrate pollution of underground water effectively.

The biomass log fuel has not been commercialized due to difficulties in mass-producing the logs at low cost. The current invention solves this problem by introducing a three-step compaction process: pre-compaction, final compaction, and ejection. While a rotary feeder/compressor is used to perform pre-compaction, a ram driven by a toggle mechanism performs final compaction rapidly and efficiently. A press implementing the three-step compaction is designed and described. This invention should improve the cost-effectiveness of biomass solid fuel or feedstock.

Biomass materials such as yard waste, corn stover and switchgrass are compacted at high pressure to form dense “biomass logs” without binder or heat. Biomass logs serve as a solid fuel for heating buildings, and as feedstock for bio-reactors for liquefaction or gasification. Densifying the uncompacted fluffy biomass reduces space needed for storage, decreases the number of vehicles needed to transport biomass, and increases the energy density of fuel.

The invention discloses cassava straw silage and a preparation method thereof. The silage is prepared from, by weight, 150-200 parts of cassava straw, 30-35 parts of sunflower stems and leaves, 10-20 parts of sweet potato vine, 30-40 parts of corn straw, 30-50 parts of banana leaves and 10-15 parts of sticktight, and straw leavening agents are added according to the proportion of 11g/kg of the total mass of the mentioned raw materials. According to the cassava straw silage and the preparation method thereof, the cassava straw serves as the main raw material, the sunflower stems and leaves, the sweet potato vine, the corn straw, the banana leaves and the sticktight serve as auxiliary materials, the straw leavening agents are used for fermenting the raw materials, and a great amount of microorganism mycoprotein and beneficial metabolite are generated and accumulated. What's more important, the effect of microorganism culture in the straw leavening agents is utilized, cellulose and lignin in the cassava straw and the corn straw are degraded, meanwhile, the sweet potato vine, the banana leaves and the sunflower stems and leaves are added, all the constituents work together to improve palatability of the cassava straw, improve digestibility and enrich nutrient compositions of the silage, and the silage can be stored for a long time without mildewing or rotting.

The invention relates to a method for conversion treatment of corn straw by potosia brevitarsis, which makes use of the saprophagous characteristic of potosia brevitarsis larvae, obtains larva bodies and larva manure with high protein by allowing potosia brevitarsis larvae to eat mixed fermentation feed of corn straw and cow dung, and realizing further conversion in larva abdomens, improves the value of corn straw and cow dung, reduces environment pollution caused by corn straw and cow dung, continuously upgrades the material flow of straw and livestock dung, and increases economic value.

The invention relates to a balanced fertilization method under the condition of wheat/corn one-year-two-harvest cultivation total straw returning. In the winter wheat season, corn ears are harvested when corn is ripe, straw and root remains are smashed, or the straw and the root remains are smashed while the corn ears are harvested by a machine, the corn straw and the root remains are smashed once again before soil preparation, base fertilizer is applied, soil is subjected to rotary tillage or is subjected to ploughing to bury the corn straw, then rotary tillage is conducted, wheat is sown, and topdressing is carried out in the jointing stage; in the summer corn season, wheat is harvested by the machine when being ripe, meanwhile, wheat straw is smashed, the wheat straw is made to cover the field, then corn is subjected to no-till machine seeding or manual dibble seeding, wheat stubble cleaning is carried out at the corn seedling stage, topdressing is performed at the belltop stage and the anthesis maturity period, or the corn is subjected to no-till machine seeding, meanwhile, seed fertilizer is applied, and topdressing is performed at the belltop stage and the anthesis maturity period. According to the balanced fertilization method, wheat and corn are used as one fertilization unit, the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing method are balanced, the full stand and healthy seedling and the high and stable yield of wheat and corn are guaranteed, soil organic matter is increased, the soil fertility is raised, sustainable highyield is achieved, and the fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a synergist for a chemical fertilizer. The synergist is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-500 parts of tenebrio moliter feces and cow dung, 500-1000 parts of corn straw and tobacco straw, 20-80 parts of perlite, 50-100 parts of vermiculite, 50-100 parts of zeolite powder, 100-500 parts of turf, 20-80 parts of polyaspartate and 30-80 parts of chitosan. The cow dung and tenebrio moliter feces serving as organic fertilizers and the turf serving as an organic matter are fermented, and the zeolite powder has good ion exchange and adsorption effect and good stability, bio-toxicity resistance, oxidation resistance and the like, so that the synergist disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effect of adsorbing heavy metal ions; the synergist can be used for seedling culture or cultivation of greenhouse vegetables, does not harm the soil, and has less influence on crops by using the organic matters; the tenebrio moliter feces can also be used for effectively preventing soil hardening, improving the structure of the soil and prolonging the fertilizer efficiency time.

One embodiment of the present invention are corn stalk rollers, comprising a plurality of roller assemblies pivotally mounted to the corn head of a corn harvest combine; an apparatus to bias the plurality of roller assemblies into contact with the ground while the corn harvest combine is harvesting corn; and chevron-patterned protrusions on each of the plurality of roller assemblies for providing ground traction and for aiding in crushing harvested corn stalks to ground level.

An apparatus for measuring stalk strength of a plant is disclosed. A force sensor is mounted to a harvester in a position to measure the resistance to crushing of the plant stalk by a stalk roll of the harvester. The apparatus may include a pair of counter rotating stalk rolls that pull and crush the plant stalk between them and a pair of stain gauges attached on either side of a mounting apparatus of the stalk rolls to sense both the tension and compression forces induced in the mounting apparatus by each of the rolls in response to the resistance to crushing of the plant stalk. Data collected by the invention can be advantageously used in a breeding program wherein breeding decisions are made based at least in part on stalk strength.