3535 results about "Stover" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilization, in particular to a soil carbon nitrogen ratio fused straw returning fertilization optimization method, which comprises the following steps of: performing standardization processing on farmland static characteristic data to obtain a farmland standardization characteristic vector and a characteristic standardization threshold value; performing coupling analysis on the straw returning amount and the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio in the farmland standardized feature vector set to obtain risk factors; performing path gradient integration on the risk potential energy field function to obtain a symmetric path cost gain factor; performing path cost gain correction on the Euclidean distance to obtain adaptive distance measurement; and fuzzy C-means clustering is performed on the farmland standardized feature vectors through adaptive distance measurement to obtain differentiated fertilization management partitions, so that the problem of inaccurate fertilization decision caused by incapability of identifying key feature nonlinear coupling risks in existing management partitions based on Euclidean distance is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and discloses a straw returning strip rotary tillage, ridging and pressing device which comprises a lightweight connecting frame serving as an installation foundation of the device and integrally designed to be hollowed out; the laser radar is embedded in the front end of the lightweight connecting frame and is used for scanning the advancing direction and providing topographic data; according to the device, straw returning, rotary tillage, ditching, sowing and pressing are completed at a time, integrated operation is achieved, the time consumed by multiple times of land entering operation of a traditional agricultural machine is shortened, the efficiency is improved by 30%-40%, and through laser radar terrain scanning and sensor feedback, the working efficiency is improved by 30%-40%. The rotary tillage depth, the ditching depth and the pressing pressure are automatically adjusted, the manual intervention time is shortened, terrain self-adaption is achieved, and the device has the advantages of being high in practicability and capable of achieving terrain self-adaption.

The invention discloses a zinc-iodine battery positive electrode material based on corn straw shell derived porous carbon and a preparation method of the zinc-iodine battery positive electrode material. According to the material, corn straw shells serve as the sole carbon source, an indigenous nitrogen-doped biomass charcoal carrier with a hierarchical pore structure is prepared through pre-carbonization and KOH activation processes, and the material is characterized in that the specific surface area is larger than or equal to 1500 m < 2 > / g, and the micropore proportion is larger than 90%. The iodine is loaded on the carrier (the iodine content is greater than or equal to 45wt%) through a vacuum sublimation method to form the indigenous nitrogen-doped biomass charcoal / iodine composite material. According to the positive electrode material, through the synergistic effect of physical confinement and pyridine nitrogen chemical adsorption, the multi-iodide shuttle effect is effectively inhibited, so that the capacity retention rate of the zinc-iodine battery is greater than or equal to 93% after 40000 cycles under the current density of 2A g <-1 >, and the capacity retention rate is greater than 45% under the rate of 10A / g. The method has double benefits of agricultural waste resource utilization and high-performance energy storage device development.

The invention discloses an optimal control method for a straw pyrolysis carbonization process. The method comprises: performing multipoint temperature real-time acquisition and data processing on a carbonization zone of a carbonization furnace, obtaining temperature information and calculating a deviation from a preset ideal temperature curve (S01); dynamically adjusting an operating parameter of the combustion zone using a control algorithm based on the temperature deviation (S02); performing on-line monitoring on the flue gas components (S03); and regulating and controlling the return air flow and the secondary air supply amount of the combustion area in a linkage manner according to the flue gas monitoring result so as to optimize combustion and energy recovery (S04). Through accurate and intelligent process control, efficient, environment-friendly and high-valued utilization of the straw carbonization process is realized.

The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilization, in particular to a corn straw returning-to-field and fertilization operation path collaborative scheduling optimization method, which comprises the following steps: performing standardization processing on farmland multi-source original data to obtain a field piece unit standardization feature vector; performing imbalance degree analysis on the feature dimension distance component to obtain a feature contribution balance factor; performing activeness evaluation on neighborhood membership distribution of the field units to obtain a spatial membership smoothing factor; obtaining adaptive distance measurement by combining a feature contribution balance factor and a space membership smoothing factor; and performing hardening processing on the final membership matrix to obtain an agricultural machinery path collaborative scheduling instruction set, thereby solving the problems of misalignment of a zoning result, fragmentation of a management boundary and unreasonable agricultural machinery path scheduling in an abnormal straw accumulation region based on a standard FCM clustering algorithm in the prior art.

The invention discloses a wheat and corn crop rotation straw returning carbon footprint evaluation method, and relates to the technical field of carbon emission evaluation, and the method comprises the steps: dividing growth stages according to a dynamic crop rotation time axis, fusing the carbon flux time sequence data of crops in a region with soil microbial activity indexes, and employing an interpretable machine learning method to evaluate the carbon footprint of wheat and corn crop rotation straw returning. Identifying a carbon sink stage and a carbon source stage of the wheat and the corn in different growth stages, and dynamically generating a stage carbon state sequence; based on the stage carbon state sequence, fusing soil basic attribute data and real-time regional climate data, fitting a nonlinear response relationship of straw mineralization rates by adopting an integrated learning method, and dynamically generating a carbon conversion factor sequence; performing space-time coupling on the carbon conversion factor sequence and the staged carbon state sequence, calculating CO2 and N2O emissions and soil organic carbon variation according to time periods and spatial ranges, and generating a carbon dynamic curve through time sequence integration. According to the invention, the timeliness and accuracy of carbon dynamic simulation are improved.

A method for visually identifying crop rows includes acquiring imagery from at least one imaging device operatively connected to an agricultural vehicle while the agricultural vehicle is traversing a field, the imagery includes plants arranged in rows, processing the imagery at a computing device to preserve spatial information along a first dimension while reducing data complexity along a second dimension to generate processed data, analyzing the processed data to identify locations of the rows within the field. The method may include dividing the imagery into multiple sections along a direction of travel of the agricultural vehicle and for each section, performing statistical analysis to generate a one-dimensional intensity profile, applying an edge detection operation to identify predominantly vertical features within the imagery and filtering out predominantly horizontal features to isolate plant stalks, and / or identifying spatial relationships between neighboring rows and using the spatial relationships to validate row identification.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil function improvement, in particular to a rice field soil recarburization and capacity expansion method based on a charcoal-based organic fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: crushing a biomass raw material, pyrolyzing and cooling to obtain biochar; immersing the biochar in a functional bacteria solution containing actinomycetes and bacillus for activating treatment to obtain modified biochar; mixing the modified biochar and decomposed straw, composting and fermenting to obtain organic fertilizers with different particle sizes; the large-particle-size organic fertilizer is applied to deep soil, the soil is covered with soil after straw is laid on the soil, and the small-particle-size organic fertilizer is applied to surface soil. Through layered application, the large-particle-size biochar repairs the deep soil structure and expands the carbon storage capacity, and meanwhile, the carbon stability is improved through carbon-nitrogen synergistic metabolism driven by functional bacteria, so that the carbon immobilization efficiency is improved, meanwhile, soil recarburization and expansion are achieved, the contradiction between carbon sequestration and structure degradation and nutrient imbalance in a traditional recarburization and expansion technology is solved, and the soil recarburization and expansion efficiency is improved. Synergic improvement of a carbon sink function and agricultural productivity is promoted.

The invention discloses a corn straw nanocellulose reinforced water-resistant fully-degradable mulching film and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural mulching films. The method comprises the following steps: performing two-step DES treatment on corn straws to obtain a nano-cellulose dispersion liquid; a PVA solution with the concentration of 8-12 wt% is prepared; 1-3 wt% of an ultrasonic dispersion silicon source dispersion liquid is prepared; the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 10 parts of PVA solution, 1.25 parts of silicon source dispersion liquid and 20 parts of glycerol into 100 parts of nanocellulose dispersion liquid to obtain film coating liquid, carrying out curtain coating in a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and naturally drying to form the film. PVA has good film-forming property but poorer water resistance, and nano cellulose and nano silicon dioxide can be used as green modifiers to be blended with PVA and self-assembled to form a hydrogen bond cross-linking system, so that a'rigid cellulose and silicon dioxide network-flexible PVA matrix 'enhanced structure is formed. Meanwhile, forestry and agricultural residues (corn straw) are adopted as raw materials, nanocellulose is prepared through a two-step deep eutectic solvent (DES), and the problem of high pollution caused by traditional strong acid / strong alkali treatment is solved.

The invention provides a method for preparing an edible mushroom culture medium from agricultural waste biomass and application, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural resource utilization and edible mushroom culture. The edible fungus culture medium provided by the invention is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10 to 20 parts of wood dust, 15 to 30 parts of sawdust, 15 to 30 parts of corn straw, 20 to 30 parts of algae waste, 30 to 50 parts of cottonseed hull, 3 to 10 parts of chitosan, 3 to 10 parts of humic acid, 1 to 3 parts of gypsum, 1 to 3 parts of lime and 0.3 to 1 part of compound strain. By adopting the edible mushroom culture medium disclosed by the invention, the yield and the quality of mushrooms can be remarkably improved, and the quality of the mushrooms is effectively improved due to the addition of the algae waste, the humic acid and the chitosan. Meanwhile, the edible mushroom culture medium can also be used for cultivating other types of edible mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms and pleurotus eryngii, and the yield of the edible mushrooms is increased.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural wastes and microorganisms, in particular to a complex microbial inoculant for high-temperature composting and rapid decomposition of livestock and poultry manure and straw cellulose and a preparation method of the complex microbial inoculant. The compound microorganism bacterial liquid comprises streptomyces thermocarbonic oxide, bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, phanerochaete chrysosporium, trichoderma viride and aspergillus niger, and the bacterial liquid carrier is obtained by compounding modified charcoal and modified sepiolite through amidation reaction. According to the complex microbial inoculant provided by the invention, through the synergistic effect of the seven functional complementary microbial strains and the special three-dimensional reticulate carrier, rapid decomposition of high-temperature compost of livestock and poultry manure and straw cellulose is realized.

The invention discloses a corn straw returning-to-field fertilization method and system, and relates to the technical field of farming, and the method comprises the steps of basic data preprocessing, digital twinborn body construction, dynamic decomposition model embedding, optimization decision generation and fertilization prescription output, and construction of a high-fidelity virtual farmland environment based on multi-source data fusion and a spatial interpolation algorithm. The limitation of insufficient description of field heterogeneity in a traditional method is broken through; by embedding the straw soil microorganism dynamic decomposition model, quantitative prediction of the straw decomposition rate and the nutrient release amount is realized, and a scientific basis is provided for the fertilization opportunity and dosage; by combining state space construction and a strategy learning algorithm, nutrient supply and demand dynamic matching and fertilization strategy adaptive optimization are realized, the fertilizer utilization efficiency is remarkably improved, the environmental pollution risk is reduced, a precise fertilization prescription is generated and output to a display terminal, and the intelligent level and operation convenience of agricultural production are improved.

The invention relates to the field of agricultural data analysis, in particular to a straw returning effect analysis method combining soil nutrients and crop yield, and the method comprises the steps: collecting a multi-source feature data matrix for risk assessment; performing conjoint analysis on the crop yield data and the soil attribute data to obtain a static nitrogen deficiency risk amplification factor; performing difference analysis on the vegetation index data, the yield data and the cluster centroid to obtain a dynamic growth response asymmetric regulatory factor; carrying out fusion evaluation on the static nitrogen deficiency risk amplification factor and the dynamic growth response asymmetric regulation factor to obtain risk perception asymmetric distance measurement based on yield data; the clustering process of risk perception asymmetric distance measurement based on yield data is subjected to zoning optimization, and an optimal management zoning result for formulating a variable fertilization strategy is obtained, so that the nitrogen deficiency risk of crops in the seedling stage is reduced, and the nutrient utilization efficiency and the yield stability are improved.

The invention provides a method for determining the influence of a straw returning mode on tobacco-rice rotation soil carbon emission, and belongs to the technical field of soil carbon emission. The method comprises the steps that test plots are divided, and different straw returning treatment groups are arranged; installing a static gas tank measuring system and regularly collecting a gas sample; measuring the emission of CO2 and N2O and the concentration of CH4 by using a gas chromatographic method, and calculating the carbon emission flux of the soil; analyzing a straw decomposition process by applying a soil microorganism kinetic equation; analyzing the dynamic change of a soil carbon library based on a carbon recurrent neural network model; constructing a carbon flow network topological structure by using a minimum spanning tree algorithm and identifying key nodes; according to the method, comprehensive influences of environmental factors, crop growth parameters and microbial community structures on carbon emission are integrated through a multi-head cross attention mechanism, accurate quantification and prediction of straw returning carbon emission are achieved, and a scientific basis is provided for optimizing a farmland carbon management strategy and promoting conversion from a farmland carbon source to a carbon sink.

The invention discloses streptomyces DLS188 and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms. The preservation number of the strain is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.33250. The strain is high in humic acid production capacity when being used for fermenting lignocellulose, and the strain is used for fermenting rice straw powder and wheat bran to prepare DLS188 bacterial fertilizer. After the DLS188 bacterial fertilizer is added into soil and wheat is sown, agronomic characters such as the plant height, the leaf length and the leaf number of the wheat can be remarkably promoted. Research on the soil after wheat sowing is completed shows that the addition of the DLS188 bacterial fertilizer significantly changes the microbial community of the soil, increases the diversity and abundance of the microbial community, and increases the content of humus in the soil. It is further shown that the DLS188 bacterial fertilizer is beneficial to adjustment of the soil microbial community structure and can be used for soil improvement. And the method has important significance for realizing resource utilization of agricultural straws.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a fertilizer special for spring corn crops under straw returning, and belongs to the technical field of corn planting. According to the method, soil nutrient testing and the yield increasing effect of fertilization on crops are combined, and the nutrient supply level of soil is truly reflected; the habitual fertilization of farmers is optimized under the condition of comprehensively considering the nutrients brought in by the straws of previous crops, the nutrient release rate and the nutrient effectiveness of the straws, the relatively high carbon-nitrogen ratio under straw returning, and the apparent balance of phosphorus and potassium in the soil of a producing area. Compared with traditional farmer habitual fertilization, the optimized recommended fertilization formula provided by the invention not only contains previous crop straw nutrients, but also provides a special fertilizer formula for a main growth stage. The formula of the special crop fertilizer for the spring corn planting system under straw returning not only can improve the yield of crops, but also can improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients.

The invention provides a preparation method of a lanthanum oxide modified biochar fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, microwave activation of biochar: placing corn straw biochar in a microwave reactor for radiation to obtain porous activated biochar; 2, potassium ion loading: dipping the porous activated charcoal in a saturated KOH solution to obtain a solid precipitate, and drying the solid precipitate to obtain potassium-loaded charcoal; 3, lanthanum-organic complex preparation: mixing lanthanum oxide with citric acid, adding deionized water to form a suspension, and performing evaporative crystallization to obtain a lanthanum-citric acid complex; 4, compounding modified biochar: mixing the obtained lanthanum-citric acid complex with potassium-loaded biochar to prepare slow-release lanthanum oxide modified biochar; and 5, compounding a phosphate fertilizer to obtain the slow-release composite charcoal fertilizer. According to the method, the charcoal is modified through lanthanum oxide, so that the modified charcoal has a larger specific surface area, the problem of hardening of the saline-alkali soil is better solved, and the oxygen content of the soil is increased.

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil straw smashing, injecting and returning machine and a deep burying treatment method, and relates to the field of straw smashing. The field returning machine comprises a front fixing frame and a rear fixing frame, a feeding area is arranged at the lower end of the front fixing frame, a telescopic plate is arranged at the lower end of the rear fixing frame, a protective side plate is installed at the lower end of the telescopic plate, and a front plowing roller and a rear plowing roller are arranged in the protective side plate; a feeding roller is arranged in the feeding area, a crushing roller is arranged at the end, close to the rear fixing frame, of the feeding area, a smashing area for smashing straw in a centralized mode is arranged at the end, close to the rear fixing frame, of the feeding area, a feeding area and a collecting area are arranged at the end, close to the rear fixing frame, of the smashing area, and the collecting area is fixedly connected with the rear fixing frame. A discharging area for discharging straw powder into a field ridge is installed in the protective side plate. Straw is collected in a centralized mode to guarantee the smashing effect, conveying is conducted through wind power after smashing, straw is deeply injected, and the straw returning effect is guaranteed.

The invention relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment, in particular to a rural household garbage classification and resourceful treatment circulation system, which comprises straw, harmful garbage, recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, large household garbage and sludge; the rural household garbage treatment system comprises a household garbage classification system, a household garbage pyrolysis treatment system, a household garbage recycling treatment system, a harmful garbage recycling treatment system, a kitchen garbage recycling treatment system, a large household garbage classification recycling treatment system and a sludge recycling treatment system. By means of a centralized treatment mode of the rural domestic garbage, the problem that landfill of the rural domestic garbage is difficult is solved, corresponding economic value is brought to the rural area, the idea of waste utilization, circular economy, energy conservation and emission reduction is achieved, the rural environment is better, and the economic benefit of the rural area is improved. And a solid foundation is laid for creating a high-quality living environment in rural areas.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an agricultural planting straw smashing and returning device which comprises a bent top plate, a connecting frame fixed to one side of the top end of the bent top plate and a smashing roller rotationally installed in the bent top plate in a penetrating mode. According to the cleaning assembly, the defects that in an existing straw smashing and returning device, straw chippings are attached to gaps of blades and the inner wall of a machine shell to form viscous blocks, and manual disassembling and cleaning are needed are overcome, efficient and automatic cleaning is achieved through an innovative mechanical linkage structure, and by means of intermittent rotation of a smashing roller, a linkage installation frame and a cleaning block synchronously reciprocate; the human-shaped cleaning groove matched with the human-shaped blade is utilized to accurately abut against and erase residual scraps on the surface of the blade, and the problem that a traditional scraper cannot remove stubborn attachments is thoroughly solved. Cleaning operation is automatically completed in the whole process without disassembling the cutter shaft or opening the machine shell, efficiency loss caused by manual disassembling is avoided, and the continuous operation capacity of equipment is remarkably improved.

The utility model relates to the field of straw treatment, in particular to a straw treatment device and a harvester. The straw treatment device comprises a shell, an adjusting device, a switching sliding plate assembly, a chopping assembly and a throwing assembly. The switching sliding plate assembly is arranged in the shell; the adjusting device penetrates through the shell to be connected with the switching sliding plate assembly. The switching sliding plate assembly is arranged above the chopping assembly, and the scattering assembly is arranged behind the chopping assembly. The switching sliding plate assembly comprises a front support, a rear support, a straw sliding plate and a rotating shaft. One end of the straw sliding plate is connected with the rotating shaft, and the other end is connected with the front support to form a non-chopping state or connected with the rear support to form a chopping state. The whole switching process can be achieved only by driving the rotating shaft to rotate through the adjusting device, the chopping assembly does not need to be disassembled frequently, and work is efficient, convenient and safe.

The invention discloses a feed for improving earthworm breeding yield and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of earthworm breeding, the feed comprises the following components: 30-50 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of crop straw, 10-20 parts of soybean curb residue, 10-15 parts of corn flour, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 2-4 parts of shell powder, 0.5-1 part of a microbial agent, 1-2 parts of brown sugar, and a proper amount of water. The fermented livestock and poultry manure is rich in various mineral elements and organic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and is an important source of nutrients required by earthworm growth; the crop straws are rich in cellulose and can promote intestinal peristalsis of the earthworms and help digestion; the soybean curb residues, the corn flour and the wheat bran are rich in nutritional ingredients such as protein and carbohydrate, and sufficient energy is provided for the earthworms; the bone meal and the shell powder contain a large amount of mineral substances such as calcium and phosphorus, so that the development of bones and bodies of the earthworms is facilitated; the microbial agent can regulate microbial flora in the feed and promote the absorption and utilization of the earthworms to nutrient substances.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a sandy grainfield soil organic matter quality improvement and increment method which comprises the following steps: comprehensively detecting soil, preparing an improvement material according to a comprehensive detection result, and deeply ploughing and returning the soil to the field; planting multifunctional intercrops, and crushing, turning and pressing the multifunctional intercrops into a soil layer to perform in-situ green manure returning from the full-bloom stage to the initial pod stage of the multifunctional intercrops; a polymeric organic-inorganic composite conditioner is applied; applying water, fertilizer and bacteria integrated regulation and control based on micro-spray irrigation; and high-stubble no-tillage straw covering and annual monitoring are implemented. According to the method, the organic matter, porosity and the like of the soil can be remarkably improved, and the ecological environment of the soil is remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a modular combined organic solid waste horizontal aerobic fermentation tank, and relates to the technical field of fertilizer manufacturing, one side of a first end cover mechanism is sequentially connected with at least one group of fermentation mechanism, one side of the outer part of each group of fermentation mechanism is provided with a docking mechanism, and each fermentation mechanism comprises a fermentation tank, a heating cavity, a circulation insertion frame and an insertion groove. The modular combined design is adopted, the core fermentation unit is based on multiple fermentation mechanisms, the number of the fermentation mechanisms can be flexibly increased or decreased through the movable frame according to the actual treatment capacity requirement of organic solid waste, and the whole set of equipment does not need to be replaced; according to the invention, energy waste caused by idle large tanks during small and medium-scale treatment can be avoided, additional pipelines and control coordination cost for parallel connection of multiple small tanks during large-scale treatment can be saved, the system is adaptive to treatment scenes of organic solid wastes of different types and different scales such as municipal sludge, agricultural straws, kitchen garbage, livestock manure and the like, and the universality and application economy of equipment are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil fertilization, in particular to a plain area dry farmland thick and fertile plough layer construction and productivity improvement method which comprises the following steps: in the first year, after corn is harvested, smashing straws, turning and burying the straws and returning the straws to the field, and in the next year, performing soil preparation and sowing by adopting flat-planting wide-narrow-row planting or ridge-planting uniform-row planting; in the second year, after the corn is harvested, the whole straw or smashed straw covers and returns to the field, straw row-collecting no-tillage sowing is carried out in the next year, and flat-cropping wide-narrow row planting is adopted for sowing; in the third year, after the corn is harvested, the whole straw or smashed straw covers and returns to the field, straw row-collecting no-tillage sowing is carried out in the next year, and flat-cropping wide-narrow row planting is adopted for sowing. Through the implementation of the technical method, the thickness of a plough layer of the dry farmland in the plain area is increased by 13-15 cm, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is increased by 10%-15%, and the soil fertility level is increased by 0.5-1 grade.

The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a method for improving the denitrification nitrogen removal performance of a corn or rice straw fermentation carbon source by using industrial glucose. According to the method, the straws are soaked and pretreated by adopting calcium peroxide, and meanwhile, in the anaerobic fermentation process, the anaerobic condition is kept through nitrogen, and zero-valent iron is added to obtain the straw fermentation liquor. Fermentation liquor and industrial glucose are mixed to serve as a composite carbon source, the activity of microorganisms in a sludge system is stimulated through the usability of the glucose, and the utilization rate of the microorganisms to the rice and corn fermentation liquor carbon source is increased; anaerobic fermentation conditions of rice and corn straws are optimized, the carbon source release rate is increased, the complexity of carbon source composition of fermentation liquor is utilized, the diversity of microorganisms is improved, excessive propagation of the microorganisms is avoided, and the biological denitrification capacity is improved. The method disclosed by the invention is beneficial to resource utilization of agricultural wastes, reduces the biological denitrification cost of sewage with a low carbon-nitrogen ratio, and promotes green and low-carbon development of sewage treatment.

The invention discloses a flame straw carbonization and rotary burying returning-to-field all-in-one machine which comprises a power mechanism and a rack, a straw carbonization mechanism for providing rapid incineration and carbonization flames is arranged on the front portion of a cavity of the rack, and a rotary burying returning-to-field mechanism capable of burying straw incineration and carbonization products into soil in a rotary mode is arranged on the rear portion of the cavity of the rack. A carbonization area cover plate of the straw carbonization mechanism and side protection plates on the two sides of the carbonization area cover plate are combined to form a relatively-closed straw carbonization area with an opening in the front side, and a rotary tillage cover plate of the rotary burying and returning mechanism and side protection plates on the two sides of the rotary tillage and returning mechanism are combined to form a relatively-closed rotary tillage and returning area. The smoke filtering mechanism can extract smoke entering the space between the straw carbonization area and the rotary tillage field returning area after straw incineration and carbonization and smoke generated when straw incineration and carbonization products on the rear side of the rotary tillage field returning area are mixed into soil, and the smoke and the smoke are discharged after being filtered. According to the all-in-one machine, straw can be rapidly carbonized and returned to the field after crops are harvested, the soil quality can be improved, the breeding risk of plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced, the sustainability of agricultural production can be effectively improved, and environment friendliness and high efficiency are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of crop straw treatment and soil improvement, in particular to a rice straw returning method for improving soil fertility, which mainly comprises the following steps: crushing rice straws, soaking with a sodium hydroxide solution, and drying; then selecting specific strains, mixing and fermenting to prepare a microbial agent; preparing a composite additive in proportion; within 1-2 days after the rice is harvested, the pretreated straw, the microbial agent and the composite additive are applied to the field, deep ploughing is conducted, and irrigation is conducted; and finally, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation after straw decomposition, and monitoring and adjusting the pH value of the soil when next-stubble crops are planted. According to the method, straw is pretreated, lignin is destroyed through a sodium hydroxide solution, the particle size is accurately controlled, drying is conducted in cooperation, the microbial decomposition efficiency is improved, straw and soil are fully mixed through accurate ploughing in the field, decomposition is accelerated into nutrients, the straw can be powerfully decomposed through a microbial agent, and the soil micro-ecology is improved; the composite additive supplements various nutrients and enhances the water and fertilizer retention capability of soil.

The invention discloses a cultivation material for increasing the content of B vitamins of straw mushrooms and application of the cultivation material in straw mushroom cultivation. The cultivation material is formed by mixing and fermenting the following components in percentage by weight: 52-72% of pilose antler mushroom dregs, 10-20% of rice straws, 15-25% of waste cotton and 3% of lime. The contents of vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 in the volvariella volvacea sporocarp cultivated by adopting the cultivation material disclosed by the invention are obviously increased, the nutritional value of the volvariella volvacea is increased, and the market competitiveness and economic benefits of products are greatly enhanced. The pilose antler mushroom residues are used for replacing part of waste cotton raw materials, the production cost is reduced, meanwhile, efficient recycling of agricultural waste is achieved, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

The invention provides a porous ceramsite adsorption material prepared from straw biochar and rare earth tailings as well as a preparation method and application of the porous ceramsite adsorption material, and belongs to the technical field of environmental functional adsorption materials. The preparation method of the porous ceramsite adsorption material using the straw biochar and the rare earth tailings comprises the following steps: sequentially performing acid pickling and drying on the straw biochar to obtain acidified biomass charcoal; the rare earth tailings are subjected to ball milling, and tailings fine powder is obtained; mixing the acidified biomass charcoal, the tailing fine powder, the attapulgite and the wood chips to obtain a mixture; adding a binding agent and water into the mixture, and sequentially performing kneading and extrusion molding to obtain a ceramsite precursor; and calcining the ceramsite precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain the porous ceramsite adsorption material. The technical problems that a traditional adsorption material is low in adsorption capacity, poor in strength and difficult to recycle are solved through ternary compounding of the acidified biomass charcoal, the rare earth tailings and the attapulgite and in combination with wood chip pore-forming, segmented calcination and acid pickling pretreatment.