313 results about "Conversion factor" patented technology

A method and apparatus for trading a standardised contract. The contract obliges the seller to make delivery to the exchange of a standardised debt product on the delivery date of the contract for a price given by the exchange determined settlement price and a conversion factor. The contract further requires to take delivery from the exchange of said debt obligation for the same price. The contract further requires the buyer or seller to make margin payments to the exchange on each trading day, or with a longer period, based on the price movements of the contract during that trading day or period if so required by the trading rules. The contract further obliges the exchange to make similar payments to the buyer or seller if they are entitled to such payments under the trading rules.

A method of increasing the dynamic range of an image comprising a plurality of pixels each having a luminance value within a first luminance dynamic range. The method includes determining a background luminance value for each pixel of the image and determining a minimum and a maximum of the background luminance values. A conversion factor is then determined for each pixel of the image based on the minimum and maximum of the background luminance values. The image id converted from the first luminance dynamic range to a second luminance dynamic range by multiplying the luminance value of each pixel of the image by its conversion factor.

Various techniques are provided for calibrating and estimating left atrial pressure (LAP) using an implantable medical device, based on impedance, admittance or conductance parameters measured within a patient. In one example, default conversion factors are exploited for converting the measured parameters to estimates of LAP. The default conversion factors are derived from populations of patients. In another example, a correlation between individual conversion factors is exploited to allow for more efficient calibration. In yet another example, differences in thoracic fluid states are exploited during calibration. In still yet another example, a multiple stage calibration procedure is described, wherein both invasive and noninvasive calibration techniques are exploited. In a still further example, a therapy control procedure is provided, which exploits day time and night time impedance/admittance measurements.

The invention discloses a method and a device for controlling new fan filter screen use time as well as a new fan system. The method comprises the following steps: the air pollution degree of a new fan use location in the current time interval is acquired; the conversion factor of the new fan use time is acquired according to the air pollution degree; the conversion running time of the new fan in the current time interval is calculated according to the conversion factor; sum of the conversion running time of the new fan in the current time interval and the conversion already running time of the new fan is obtained, and the total conversion running time of the new fan is acquired; and when the total conversion running time is larger than or equal to filter screen replacement time, a new fan filter screen replacement alarm is given. Calculation of the filter screen use time is combined with the specific use environment of the new fan, the time is accurately calculated, waste caused by early replacement of the filter screen under good air quality condition is avoided, and the problem that use is influenced by poor air filter effect of the new fan due to the fact that the filter screen is not replaced in time in poor use environment is solved.

The invention discloses a new method for RAIM (receiver autonomous integrity monitoring) based on a satellite selecting algorithm in a multimode satellite navigation system. The method comprises the steps of first determining space position information of satellites according to a navigation message and eliminating satellites with a small elevation angle according to a shielding angle; determining an observation matrix including only one clock correction item according to clock correction conversion factors in the navigation message; selecting p satellites from N visible satellites so as to be used for positioning calculation of a receiver, acquiring a satellite combination, which enables the GDOP (geometric dilution of precision) to be minimum, through the satellite selecting algorithm to act as calculating satellites, and determining a weight matrix in WLS (weighted least squares) according to parameters such as the carrier-to-noise ratio, the loop bandwidth, pre-check integral time and the like of satellite signals; carrying out RAIM availability detection according to a false alarm rate and a missed alarm rate which are preset by the receiver, and calculating a pseudo-range residual error threshold value after positioning according to the false alarm rate and a degree of freedom in Chi-squared distribution; carrying out global detection at first, then carrying out local monitoring in a circumstance that a fault satellite exists, determining calculation satellites again through satellite selection, and finally carrying out positioning calculation through selecting satellite combinations within the threshold value. The method disclosed by the invention is simple, high in fault recognition rate, not only applicable to multi-mode and multi-fault satellite navigation systems, but also applicable to single-mode and multi-fault satellite navigation systems, thereby providing new ideas for carrying out RAIM by a modern GNSS (global navigation satellite system).

For reducing a time utilized in an AO process, provided is a deformable mirror system, including: a deformable mirror capable of changing a shape of a reflecting surface by a deformation amount in accordance with an input signal; a light wavefront measurement apparatus configured to measure a light wavefront shape of reflected light from the deformable mirror; a conversion factor calculation apparatus configured to calculate a conversion factor used in obtaining the input signal from a variation in light wavefront shape of the reflected light with respect to a change in input signal; a shape difference calculation apparatus configured to calculate a shape difference between the light wavefront shape measured by the light wavefront measurement apparatus and a light wavefront shape calculated from the input signal; and a conversion factor update unit configured to update the conversion factor in accordance with the calculated shape difference.

A universal platform for utility computing that allows service providers to charge clients for the services rendered according to a dimensionless cross-platform universal metric. The platform measures or monitors six metrics commonly used in software computing (MHz for CPU usage, Mbytes for memory usage, Kbytes/sec for I/O, Kbytes/sec for LAN, Kbits/sec for WAN and Gbytes for storage) and applies appropriate weighting and conversion factors to each consumption value to a value in the universal metric that can be applied agnostically to any system or application. The metric can also take other controllable variables into account, such as real estate cost, tax jurisdiction and electrical power. The metric effectively a metric makes diverse computing resources comparable. The total value of the resources consumed by a user determines the cost charged for the use of the computing services.

In the case that the motor travel priority mode is set and the restriction mode is set as the control mode because of the request of the operation of the engine, the threshold value Peg that is smaller value between the obtained value (kw·Wout) from multiplying the output limit Wout of the battery by the preset conversion factor kw and the preset power Pset that is smaller than the converted output limit Wout of the battery at a normal time is compared with the driving power Pdrv*. The hybrid vehicle is driven with the motor travel in idle operation of the engine when the driving power Pdrv* is not more than the threshold value Peg, and the hybrid vehicle is driven with power from the engine when the driving power Pdrv* is more than the threshold value Peg.

The expected processing bandwidth of System Processing Units (SPUs) in an extranet gateway is first assessed, for example by multiplying a CPU processor speed by a conversion factor or determining the type of accelerator, and then adjusting the capacity to take into account other processing requirements on the SPU. Once assessed, a load distribution system assigns tunnels to the SPUs based on their processing capacity. As tunnels are assigned and torn down, the estimated available processing capacities of the SPUs are adjusted to account for the assignment or release of the system processing resources attributable to those VPN services. Tunnel assignment may take into account the ability of a SPU to handle the type of tunnel, the absolute or relative capacity of the SPUs, the type of tunnel being assigned, features of the tunnel such as the presence of compression, and efficiencies of the SPU at handling that tunnel type with selected features.

The invention discloses a weak signal extracting method based on self-adaptive stochastic resonance. Particularly, a frequency of a weak signal can be well adjusted to a frequency range easily generating the self-adaptive stochastic resonance through adjusting a scale changing factor which is secondarily sampled, so that the good performance of the self-adaptive stochastic resonance can be sufficiently utilized, the weak signal can be well extracted at a super-low signal to noise ratio, and the problem that the conventional weak signal processing method represents to be poor, even be invalid, at the super-low signal to noise ratio can be effectively solved; and meanwhile, a signal frequency of the weak signal which is secondarily sampled can be matched with a self-adaptive stochastic resonance system and can generate stochastic resonance through a fed-back automatic adjusting scale conversion factor under the condition of not knowing the frequency of the weak signal, so that the characteristic of the weak signal can be better extracted.

An image forming method and apparatus capable of implementing accurately and constantly an improved conversion of the amount of toner adhesion over the entire range of the amount of adhesion. The method includes the steps of computing a normalization value as a relative output ratio of the regular reflection output to a background regular reflection component from the surface extracted from the regular reflection light, in which the regular reflection output is obtained by detecting a plurality of gradation toner patterns with a sensor configured to simultaneously detect regular reflection light and diffuse reflection light; obtaining a diffuse reflection output conversion factor by either (1) subtracting the normalization value multiplied by the diffuse reflection output voltage generated by the surface from the diffuse reflection output voltage, or (2) subtracting the normalization value multiplied by a diffuse reflection output voltage increment, which is computed as the difference between the diffuse reflection output voltage and another diffuse reflection output voltage obtained when a light emitting device is turned off, from the diffuse reflection output voltage increment; and subjecting the relation between the diffuse reflection output conversion factor and the amount of adhesion to a polynomial approximation.

Auto insurance customers can be transitioned from an initial rating algorithm A to a subsequent algorithm B by phasing in the transition over a period of several years. The premium charged during the transition period is equal to the premium calculated under the rating algorithm B minus a premium adjustment. The premium adjustment is given by the difference between the premium according to algorithm B minus the legacy premium from algorithm A, said difference being multiplied by a rating transition factor. The rating transition factor may be a linearly decreasing function which has a value of 1 just before the transition period and a value of zero at the end of the transition period. The transition period may be in the range of 3 to 8 years long.

A process of data calibration and correction is disclosed that utilizes feedback from a temperature sensor of an x-ray detector to isolate or otherwise select an appropriate calibration or correction map that is specific to the temperature of the x-ray detector during data acquisition. The method is also designed to take into account changes in power transients of an x-ray detector between the acquisition of imaging data and the acquisition of offset data. The method is particularly applicable in optimally selecting and applying gain correction, conversion factor, bad pixel, and offset calibrations.

The present invention provides a method for determining an optimal operation point with respect to SOC in a hybrid electric vehicle, in which, as a conversion factor (fuel equivalent factor) that can quantitatively compare the amount of fuel consumed by an engine with electrical energy consumed by a motor, a factor for obtaining a desired final SOC with respect to an initial SOC is determined, and an optimal operation state based on a current SOC of the hybrid electric vehicle is determined using the factor, thus improving fuel efficiency of the hybrid electric vehicle.

A method for estimating an output torque generated by a multi-displacement engine operating in a partial-displacement mode includes multiplying a measure representing a mass air flow through the engine's intake manifold by a engine-speed-based mass-air-flow-to-torque conversion factor, and thereafter summing the product with a torque offset value likewise based on engine speed data, to obtain a base indicated potential output torque. The base indicated potential output torque is then multiplied with a torque-based efficiency conversion factor representing at least one of a partial-displacement mode spark efficiency, fuel-air-ratio efficiency, and exhaust gas recirculation efficiency, and the resulting product is summed with a torque-based frictional loss measure to obtain the desired estimated engine output torque. The estimated engine output torque is particularly useful in determining whether a transition from the partial-displacement engine operating mode to a full-displacement engine operating mode is desired.

A fractional-type phase-locked loop circuit, for synthesizing an output signal multiplying a frequency of a reference signal by a selected fractional conversion factor, includes a frequency divider for generating a feedback signal dividing the frequency of the output signal by a frequency division factor selectable among at least two different integer-value division factors, and frequency divider control means for causing the frequency division factor to vary between the at least two integer-value division factors in a pre-defined number of cycles, thereby an average frequency division factor over said pre-defined number of cycles has a fractional value. Means are provided for compensating a phase error introduced by the frequency divider on the basis of a value indicative of the phase error obtained from said frequency divider control means. The phase-error compensation means includes rounding means, receiving an input binary code with a first number of binary digits, indicative of the phase error value, and providing an output binary code, with a second number of binary digits lower than the first number of digits, defining a rounded phase error value.

Techniques are provided for estimating left atrial pressure (LAP) or other cardiac performance parameters based on measured conduction delays. In particular, LAP is estimated based interventricular conduction delays. Predetermined conversion factors stored within the device are used to convert the various the conduction delays into LAP values or other appropriate cardiac performance parameters. The conversion factors may be, for example, slope and baseline values derived during an initial calibration procedure performed by an external system, such as an external programmer. In some examples, the slope and baseline values may be periodically re-calibrated by the implantable device itself. Techniques are also described for adaptively adjusting pacing parameters based on estimated LAP or other cardiac performance parameters. Still further, techniques are described for estimating conduction delays based on impedance or admittance values and for tracking heart failure therefrom.

The invention relates to a roller wear optimization control method for improving the quality of band steel. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, classifying rollers according to roller materials; 2, acquiring the roller shape and surface temperature data of working rollers of a front rack and a rear rack in more than two rolling periods for different roller materials; 3, performing optimization processing on the acquired data; and 4, performing roller wear computation and optimization control, namely performing the roller wear computation by using optimized wear conversion factors according to different roller classes to realize the optimization control over band steel profiles and roller gaps. In the optimization control method provided by the invention, parameter optimizationis performed according to different roller material types so as to improve the computational accuracy of a roller wear model and further improve band steel profile quality and roller gap control accuracy; moreover, measurement planning and parameter regulation processes are simple, operable and convenient to implement.

A vehicle-installed exhaust gas analyzing apparatus includes a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) type gas analyzer for continuously measuring concentration of hydrocarbon (HC) in an exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust pipe which is connected to an engine, an exhaust gas flowmeter for continuously measuring flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe, and an operation processing device for processing outputs from the NDIR type gas analyzer and the exhaust gas flowmeter to continuously calculate mass of total hydrocarbon (THC) contained in the exhaust gas. The components are configured so at to be installable in vehicle. THC concentration is obtained by multiplying a measurement result obtained by the NDIR type analyzer by a predetermined conversion factor.