Quantitative layered uniform mixing and returning device for crop straws

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop straw quantitative layering uniform mixing and returning device which comprises a straw collecting mechanism, a fan conveying mechanism, a flow dividing mechanism, a furrow opener assembly, a uniform mixing assembly and a soil covering assembly. A straw picking device and a straw conveyor are arranged at the front end of the device and used for collecting straw scattered in the field and conducting pretreatment before returning to the field; treated straw is sucked into a straw quantitative flow dividing box through a centrifugal fan, the straw is quantitatively distributed into a flow dividing guide pipe according to the returning-to-field requirement, the flow dividing guide pipe is discharged into a furrow opener, grooves with different depths are formed according to the straw returning-to-field depth requirement, and then the straw and soil are evenly mixed under the effect of a uniform mixing assembly. According to the invention, the flow distribution principle of the centrifugal fan is utilized, air ducts with different cross sections are arranged, so that straws with different volume numbers are obtained, and under the action of the furrow opener assembly and the uniform mixing assembly with different depths, the quantitative, layered and uniform mixing returning of the straws to the field is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of returning crop straw to fields, and particularly relates to a device for returning crop straw to fields in a quantitative, layered and uniformly mixed manner. Background Art

[0002] In the agricultural field, plant stems are rich in organic matter, mineral nutrients and heat energy, and are a valuable renewable resource. my country produces nearly 1 billion tons of crop straw annually, which can be widely used for feed, fuel papermaking, straw return to the field and other purposes. Straw return to the field is a method of applying straw (wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw, etc.) that is not suitable for direct feed directly to the soil directly or after it is piled up and decomposed. After returning to the farmland, after a period of decomposition, it can be converted into organic matter and fast-acting nutrients, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and also supply a certain amount of nutrients such as potassium. Straw return to the field can promote agricultural water conservation, cost saving, increased production and efficiency, and has received full attention in environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] After straw is buried in the soil, its natural decomposition speed is very slow, which will have different degrees of impact on the sowing of the next crop and seriously affect the efficiency of field operations. During the process of returning straw to the field, the straw burial depth, quantity, and the quality of the mixing of straw and soil will all affect the natural decomposition speed of the straw and the sowing quality of the next crop.

[0004] During the process of returning straw to the field, the depth of straw burial, the amount of straw distributed at different depths, and the quality of the uniform mixing of straw and soil are important indicators for measuring the performance of returning straw to the field. The thickness of the soil tillage layer is generally 15-20 cm, while the crop sowing layer is 0-5 cm. If there is a large amount of buried straw in the sowing layer soil, it will seriously affect the sowing quality. Studies have shown that in the current straw returning device, the straw content in the sowing layer soil is greater than 60% of the total straw, resulting in excessive voids in the seedbed when the next crop is sown, which is not conducive to seed implantation and root growth. In addition, the unreasonable depth of straw burial is not conducive to sowing quality and straw maturity speed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a device for quantitatively stratifying and evenly mixing crop straw for returning to the field. The device utilizes the centrifugal fan diversion principle to set air ducts with different cross-sections to obtain straw of different volumes. Under the action of furrow opener components, evenly mixing components and soil covering components at different depths, the tillage layer is stratified and the amount of straw corresponding to the tillage layer is allocated to achieve quantitatively stratifying and evenly mixing straw for returning to the field.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straws for returning to the field, comprising a straw collecting mechanism, a fan conveying mechanism, a flow dividing mechanism, a furrow opener assembly, a uniformly mixing assembly, and a soil covering assembly; The fan conveying mechanism includes a centrifugal fan, the diversion mechanism includes a diversion box and a diversion duct assembly, the centrifugal fan is connected with the straw collection mechanism and the diversion box, the diversion duct assembly includes a plurality of diversion ducts whose front ends are connected with the diversion box and whose rear ends are arranged downward, a furrow opener assembly is correspondingly arranged in front of the diversion duct, and a mixing assembly and a soil covering assembly are correspondingly arranged behind each diversion duct; The diversion duct includes deep soil ducts and shallow soil ducts arranged in front and rear rows respectively; the furrow opener assembly includes deep soil openers and shallow soil openers of different heights, and the deep soil openers and shallow soil openers are arranged in front of the deep soil duct and the shallow soil duct respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the straw collecting mechanism comprises a collecting box, in which a straw crushing mechanism for crushing the straw is arranged, the suction port of the centrifugal fan is connected to the bottom of the collecting box, and the discharge port of the centrifugal fan is connected to the diversion box.

[0008] Furthermore, the collection box is connected to a straw conveying mechanism, which includes a straw picker for picking up and collecting the straw scattered on the ground, and a straw conveyor for conveying the straw into the straw collection box; The straw conveyor is arranged obliquely, and a transmission surface thereof is driven to move by a plurality of rollers. One end thereof close to the ground is connected with a straw picker, and the other end thereof is located above the straw collecting mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, the deep soil layer conduit and the shallow soil layer conduit are cylindrical and have different diameters, and the diversion box is correspondingly provided with a plurality of holes of different diameters for connecting the diversion conduits.

[0010] Furthermore, the diversion conduit is composed of two materials, wherein the portion connected to the diversion box is made of soft material, and the portion of the conduit entering the soil is made of hard material.

[0011] Furthermore, the mixing assembly includes a deep soil layer homogenizer and a shallow soil layer homogenizer which are respectively located behind the deep soil layer conduit and the shallow soil layer conduit and at different heights. The mixing rollers in the deep soil layer homogenizer and the shallow soil layer homogenizer enter the soil vertically, the upper part of the mixing roller is a bare rod, and the bottom working part is a spiral structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the spiral length of the working part of the bottom of the mixing knife roller is 5 cm, and the depth of penetration into the soil is consistent with the bottom of the trench opened by the corresponding trench opener.

[0013] Furthermore, the centrifugal fan, the diverter box, and the soil covering assembly are supported by a chassis, and a mounting hole for the diverter conduit to pass through is provided on the chassis, and the top of the furrow opener assembly is connected to the chassis.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil covering assembly includes two disc-shaped and vertically arranged soil covering plates, the two soil covering plates are arranged in a trumpet shape and are connected by a connecting mechanism, and the top of the connecting mechanism is connected to the bottom plate through a support rod.

[0015] Furthermore, a pressing roller for pressing and leveling the ground surface is provided at the rear of the chassis, and the surface of the pressing roller is a wolf tooth structure.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The present invention collects the scattered straw in the field, distributes the straw by using the airflow principle, and further arranges deep soil openers and shallow soil openers of different heights. The openers of different depths are arranged front and back in correspondence. The trench opened by the front opener is deeper, and the trench opened by the rear opener is shallower. After the deep soil opener opens the trench, the straw enters the deep ditch through the corresponding deep soil layer conduit, is mixed by the corresponding deep soil layer mixer, and then the soil dug by the opener is buried in the ditch by the covering component. Then the shallow soil opener digs a shallow ditch again, and the straw The straw is introduced into the shallow ditch through the corresponding shallow soil layer conduit, and the collected straw is quantitatively introduced into the soil layers of different depths by diversion conduits of different diameters to avoid the soil at the depth of the sowing layer. When entering the shallow ditch through the corresponding shallow soil layer conduit, it is ensured that there is a gap layer above the shallow ditch for the sowing layer; thereby the tillage layer is divided into three layers, wherein the 0-5 cm sowing layer has no straw diversion, the 6-12 cm soil layer diverts 40% of the straw, and the 13-20 cm soil layer diverts 60% of the straw, so that the straw returned to the field is reasonably distributed in the soil space; The reasonable straw burial depth of this application is not only conducive to improving the sowing quality, but also conducive to accelerating the natural decomposition speed of the straw. In addition, the 13-20cm soil layer is the soil layer where the seed root system is most developed. This soil layer is rich in organic matter and provides the best growth environment for seeds; 2) The upper part of the mixing blade roller in the mixing assembly of the present invention is a bare rod, and the working part is a spiral structure. The mixing blade roller only stirs the soil containing straw within a range of 5 cm, and other soil layers are not moved, thereby achieving uniform mixing of straw and soil in different soil layers and reducing soil disturbance in other soil layers. The mixing effect in other soil layers is not damaged, and the power consumption of the whole machine is greatly reduced; 3) The material of the diversion conduit in the present invention is composed of soft material and hard material. The part connected with the diversion box is made of soft material, and the part buried in the soil is made of hard material. There are many diversion conduits and there are distance requirements. The soft material is conducive to the spatial arrangement of the diversion conduits, while the hard material is conducive to burying in the soil and will not be blocked due to deformation after burying in the soil; In summary, the present invention proposes a quantitative and layered burial of crop straws in the soil. The device is universal and can be used in the process of directly returning the stalks of crops such as corn, wheat, and rice to the field. The stalks are buried in two different depths of soil in layers according to a certain amount, and the soil and the straw are evenly mixed. According to actual needs, it can also be used for uniform burial at one or more soil depths. The amount of straw at different soil depths can be evenly distributed or distributed in a certain proportion as needed. The field returning device that evenly mixes the straw and soil in different soil layers fills the gap in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the quantitative diversion component; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the furrow opener assembly; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a homogenous mixing component; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the soil covering component; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pressing roller; Figure numerals: 1. Straw picker, 2. Straw conveyor, 3. Straw collecting mechanism, 301. Crushing mechanism, 302. Collecting box, 4. Chassis, 5. Centrifugal fan, 501. Air intake, 502. Air exhaust, 6. Diversion box, 601. Deep soil layer duct, 602. Shallow soil layer duct 7. Ditching assembly, 701. Deep soil layer trenching opener, 702. Shallow soil layer trenching opener, 8. Mixing assembly, 801. Deep soil layer mixer, 802. Shallow soil layer mixer, 9. Soil covering assembly, 901. Soil covering plate, 902. Support rod, 10. Pressing roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The working principle of the present invention is: using the airflow principle to distribute straw of different masses into diversion ducts of different diameters to achieve quantitative transportation of straw, the depth of the trench opened by the furrow opener is different due to the different depths of the trench opener, and the diversion duct is used to guide the straw into trenches of different depths to achieve layered return of straw to the field, and then the straw and soil in different soil layers are mixed by the mixing roller to achieve the mixing function, the soil covering component 9 backfills the soil discharged by the furrow opener, buries the straw introduced into the trench bottom and mixed with the soil, and then the surface soil is further compacted and leveled by the roller 10.

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below according to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Embodiment 1: As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straws for returning to the field, comprising a straw collecting mechanism 3, a fan conveying mechanism, a diversion mechanism, a furrow opener assembly 7, a uniformly mixing assembly 8, and a soil covering assembly 9; The straw collection mechanism 3 includes a collection box 302, in which a straw crushing mechanism 301 is arranged. The straw crushing mechanism 301 further crushes the straw in the collection box, and the straw crushing length is adjustable to meet different straw crushing length requirements. The collection box 302 is connected to a straw conveying mechanism, which includes a straw picker 1 for picking up and collecting the straw scattered on the ground, and a straw conveyor 2 for conveying the straw to the straw collection box 302; The straw conveyor 2 is tilted, and the conveying surface is driven by a plurality of rollers to move. One end of the conveyor close to the ground is connected to the straw picker 1, and the other end is located above the straw collecting mechanism 3. That is, the straw picker 1 is located at the front of the machine, and the straw scattered in the field is picked up and collected. The straw conveyor 2 is located in the middle and rear of the picker, and the picked straw is transported to the collection box, which is located at the rear and lower part of the conveyor.

[0021] The fan conveying mechanism includes a centrifugal fan 5, which is located below the collecting box. Its high-speed rotation forms a negative pressure zone at the air intake port, so that the crushed straw in the collecting box is sucked into the centrifugal fan 5, and the straw is introduced into the diversion mechanism from the exhaust port under the action of centrifugal force. The diversion mechanism is located directly behind the centrifugal fan. The diversion mechanism includes a diversion box 6 and a diversion duct assembly; the suction port 501 of the centrifugal fan 5 is connected to the bottom of the collecting box 302, and its discharge port 502 is connected to the diversion box 6. The diversion duct assembly includes a plurality of diversion ducts arranged downward at the bottom, and the number of assemblies is determined according to the working width of the machine. The diversion box 6 is provided with a plurality of holes for connecting the diversion ducts, and a furrow opener assembly 7 is correspondingly arranged in front of each row of diversion ducts; the diversion box 6 quantitatively transports the straw to the furrow opened by the furrow opener through the diversion duct; a uniform mixing assembly 8 and a soil covering assembly 9 are correspondingly arranged in sequence behind each diversion duct; The diversion conduit includes deep soil conduits 601 and shallow soil conduits 602 arranged in front and back rows respectively; the deep soil conduits 601 and shallow soil conduits 602 have different heights, the deep soil conduit 601 is higher, and the diversion conduits can be composed of cylindrical conduits with different diameters, wherein the deep soil conduit 60 has a larger diameter; the diversion box 6 is correspondingly provided with a plurality of groups of holes with different diameters. Different diameters allow different amounts of straw to pass through, thus achieving quantitative diversion of straw.

[0022] The diversion conduit is composed of two materials, wherein the part connected to the diversion box 6 is made of soft material (such as plastic, etc.), which is conducive to the spatial arrangement of multiple diversion pipes, and the conduit entering the soil is made of hard material (such as steel, etc.), ensuring that the conduit entering the soil is not deformed by external force, thereby reducing the blockage of straw in the conduit during the soil entry process.

[0023] The furrow opener is set with two furrowing depths according to the straw burying depth requirement, and the two furrow openers are arranged in front and back, wherein the furrows opened by the front row furrow openers are deeper, and the furrows opened by the rear row furrow openers are shallower. It can also be set to one furrowing depth or multiple furrowing depths according to actual needs, and the furrow openers of multiple depths need to be arranged in sequence according to the rule of deep front and shallow back. That is, the furrow opener assembly 7 includes a deep soil layer furrow opener 701 and a shallow soil layer furrow opener 702 of different heights, and the deep soil layer furrow opener 701 and the shallow soil layer furrow opener 702 are arranged in front of the deep soil layer conduit 601 and the shallow soil layer conduit 602 respectively.

[0024] A mixing assembly 8 is provided behind each group of diversion conduits to mix the straw introduced into the grooves of different depths with the surrounding soil. There are two types of mixing blade rollers in the mixing assembly 8, and their structures match the depth of the grooves opened by the furrow opener. That is, the mixing assembly 8 includes a deep soil layer mixer 801 and a shallow soil layer mixer 802, which are respectively located behind the deep soil layer conduit 601 and the shallow soil layer conduit 602 and at different heights.

[0025] The mixing blade rollers in the deep soil layer mixer 801 and the shallow soil layer mixer 802 enter the soil vertically, the upper part of the mixing blade roller is a bare rod, and the bottom working part is a spiral structure. The spiral length of the bottom working part of the mixing blade roller is 5 cm, and the depth of entry into the soil is consistent with the bottom of the groove opened by the corresponding furrow opener; that is, the mixing blade roller only stirs the soil containing straw within 5 cm, and does not disturb the soil of other soil layers.

[0026] A soil covering assembly is arranged behind the mixing assembly 8, and the soil covering assembly 9 includes two disc-shaped and vertically arranged soil covering plates 901, and the two soil covering plates 901 are installed in combination at a certain angle, that is, the two are arranged in a trumpet shape and connected by a connecting mechanism, and the top of the connecting mechanism is connected to the bottom plate 4 through a support rod 902.

[0027] Furthermore, a pressing roller 10 is arranged at the rear of the device, and the surface of the pressing roller 10 has a wolf-tooth structure.

[0028] Furthermore, the centrifugal fan 5 and the diverter box 6 are supported by the chassis 4, and the chassis 4 is provided with a mounting hole for the diverter duct to pass through.

[0029] Working process: the straw picker 1 picks up and collects the straw scattered on the ground, and conveys the straw to the collection box 3 through the straw conveyor 2. The straw crushing mechanism 301 further crushes the straw in the collection box. Under the action of the centrifugal fan 5, the straw is sucked into the centrifugal fan housing from the centrifugal fan suction port 501, enters the diversion duct assembly 6 from the discharge port 502, and enters the soil layer of different depths opened by the furrow opener 7 through the duct assembly 6. Specifically, the furrow opened by the front furrow opener is deeper, and the furrow opened by the rear furrow opener is shallower. After the deep soil layer furrow opener 701 opens the furrow, the straw enters through the corresponding deep soil layer duct 601. In the deep ditch, the soil dug out by the trench opener is mixed evenly by the corresponding deep soil mixer 801, and then buried in the ditch by the corresponding covering assembly 9. Then the shallow soil trench opener 702 located at the rear digs a shallow ditch again, and the straw enters the shallow ditch through the corresponding shallow soil duct 802, and is evenly mixed with the soil under the action of the shallow soil mixer 802. Then the soil dug out by the trench opener is buried in the ditch by the corresponding covering assembly 9 for backfilling and burying, and finally the surface soil is compacted and leveled by the compacting roller 10. During the working process, the shallow soil working parts do not disturb the deep soil layer that has been evenly mixed with the soil.

[0030] It should be noted that although the present invention is described by the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it is obvious that those skilled in the art may make various corresponding changes and deformations to the present invention, but these changes and deformations should all fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straw for returning to the field, characterized in that: It comprises a straw collecting mechanism (3), a fan conveying mechanism, a diversion mechanism, a furrow opener assembly (7), a mixing assembly (8), and a soil covering assembly (9); The fan conveying mechanism comprises a centrifugal fan (5), the flow diversion mechanism comprises a flow diversion box (6) and a flow diversion duct assembly, the centrifugal fan (5) is connected to the straw collection mechanism (3) and the flow diversion box (6), the flow diversion duct assembly comprises a plurality of flow diversion ducts whose front ends are connected to the flow diversion box (6) and whose rear ends are arranged downward, a furrow opener assembly (7) is correspondingly arranged in front of the flow diversion duct, and a mixing assembly (8) and a soil covering assembly (9) are correspondingly arranged in sequence behind each flow diversion duct; The diversion conduit comprises deep soil layer conduits (601) and shallow soil layer conduits (602) arranged in front and rear rows correspondingly; the furrow opener assembly (7) comprises deep soil layer furrow openers (701) and shallow soil layer furrow openers (702) of different heights, the deep soil layer furrow openers (701) and shallow soil layer furrow openers (702) being arranged in front of the deep soil layer conduits (601) and shallow soil layer conduits (602) respectively and correspondingly.

2. The device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straw for returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw collecting mechanism (3) comprises a collecting box (302), wherein a straw crushing mechanism (301) for crushing straw is arranged inside the collecting box (302), the suction port (501) of the centrifugal fan (5) is connected to the bottom of the collecting box (302), and the discharge port (502) of the centrifugal fan (5) is connected to the diversion box (6).

3. The device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straw for returning to the field according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collection box (302) is connected to a straw conveying mechanism, the straw conveying mechanism comprising a straw picker (1) for picking up and collecting straw scattered on the ground, and a straw conveyor (2) for conveying the straw into the straw collection box (302); The straw conveyor (2) is arranged at an angle, and its transmission surface is driven to move by a plurality of rollers. One end of the conveyor close to the ground is connected to a straw picker (1), and the other end is located above the straw collection mechanism (3).

4. The device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straw for returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep soil layer conduit (601) and the shallow soil layer conduit (602) are cylindrical and have different diameters, and the diversion box (6) is correspondingly provided with a plurality of holes of different diameters for connecting the diversion conduits.

5. The device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straw for returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diversion conduit is composed of two materials, wherein the portion connected to the diversion box (6) is made of soft material, and the portion of the conduit entering the soil is made of hard material.

6. The device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straw for returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing assembly (8) comprises a deep soil layer mixer (801) and a shallow soil layer mixer (802) which are respectively located at different heights behind the deep soil layer conduit (601) and the shallow soil layer conduit (602); the mixing blade rollers in the deep soil layer mixer (801) and the shallow soil layer mixer (802) vertically enter the soil; the upper portion of the mixing blade roller is a bare rod, and the lower working portion is a spiral structure.

7. The device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straw for returning to the field according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spiral length of the working part of the bottom of the mixing roller is 5 cm, and the depth of penetration into the soil is consistent with the bottom of the trench opened by the corresponding trench opener.

8. The device for returning crop straw to the field by quantitative stratification and uniform mixing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal fan (5), the flow diversion box (6), and the soil covering assembly (9) are supported by a chassis (4), and a mounting hole for the flow diversion conduit to pass through is provided on the chassis (4), and the top of the furrow opener assembly (7) is connected to the chassis (4).

9. A device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straw for returning to the field according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: The soil covering assembly (9) comprises two disc-shaped and vertically arranged soil covering plates (901), the two soil covering plates (901) are arranged in a trumpet shape and are connected via a connecting mechanism, and the top of the connecting mechanism is connected to the bottom plate (4) via a supporting rod (902).

10. The device for quantitatively layering and uniformly mixing crop straw for returning to the field according to claim 8, characterized in that: A pressing roller (10) for pressing and leveling the ground surface is arranged at the rear of the chassis (4), and the surface of the pressing roller (10) is a wolf-tooth structure.

Images