Few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under complete straw mulching condition

Abstract

The invention relates to a few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under a complete straw mulching condition. The seeding and fertilizing method comprises the following steps of: after wheat is harvested by a combined wheat harvester, covering straws on the surface of soil in a strip manner basically, and implementing subsoiling, shallow and deep fertilization and seeding of corns in one step in seeding lines by a no-tillage corn seeding and fertilizing machine; and after the corns are harvested by a combined corn harvester, cutting up corn straws by rotary blades of the combined corn harvester, uniformly covering the corn straws on the surface of the ground, and implementing subsoiling, rotary tillage of wheat seeding belts, seeding of wheat and shallow and deep fertilization in one step by a no-tillage wheat seeding and fertilizing machine. The few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method has the advantages of alleviating disturbance on soil, ensuring the variety and stable quantity of microorganisms in surface soil, being beneficial to benign growth of roots of crops and eliminating the influence of crop straw mulching on the quality of seeding and seedling emergence of wheat and corns.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a sowing and fertilizing technology in the crop planting production process, in particular to a method for sowing and fertilizing wheat and corn under the condition of returning all the stalks of double-ripened crops of wheat and corn to the field with less and no-tillage soil. Background technique [0002] The production level of my country's main grain crops such as wheat and corn is gradually increasing, but the price growth rate of grain and agricultural products is too slow compared with cash crops, industry and service industries, and farmers' income is relatively small, resulting in a gradual decrease in the labor force engaged in agricultural production. The application of machinery in agricultural production has become more and more common, which is also an inevitable trend of productivity improvement. For example, mechanical operations such as mechanical harvesting of wheat and corn, mechanical returning of straw to th...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Under the condition that all the crop straws of the two seasons are returned to the field, according to the current operation specifications of mechanical rotary tillage in production, it is a relatively obvious phenomenon that the plow layer becomes shallow and the microbial flora of the plow layer is destroyed, which is very unfavorable for production.

In order to protect the tillage layer, CN102550258A (201210015480.X) provides a wheat alternate protective tillage and wide-width wide-row sowing and fertilization method, which limits the cultivation, sowing and fertilization methods of wheat, but the alternate operation in this method In terms of production, it is difficult to operate due to land restrictions and fineness, and there is only one opportunity for rotary tillage every 3-4 years, and there will also be a phenomenon that the cultivated layer becomes shallower; when corn straw is returned to the field, a large amount of organic materials exist on the ground surface Under the circumstances, it is basically unrealistic for the rotary tillage to reach 20-25cm, and the rotary tiller cannot reach such a depth; in addition, more fertilizers are applied in the rotary tillage layer, which cannot meet the requirements of deep root system and continuous supply of nutrients. The amount of fertilizer was limited, and the type of fertilizer was not indicated; in addition, the topdressing in the spring of the following year also damaged the soil flora, and the later topdressing also disturbed the soil

CN101702966A (CN200910210346.3) discloses a protective tillage cultivation method, which only limits the cultivation method for spring corn that is cropped once a year, and the annual straw amount is completely placed in 1 / 3 of the soil area for turning over Buried, has higher technical requirements in operation, and the effect will be very poor if it is not handled properly

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