457 results about "Earth pressure balance" patented technology

The invention discloses a novel dual-mode TBM (tunnel boring machine) and a control method thereof used for the field of tunnel shield and TBM construction. Two tunneling modes can be realized by the equipment. An EPB (Earth Pressure Balance) tunnel shield mode of soft rock tunneling is utilized when an excavated surface cannot be autostable; and a TBM mode of hard rock tunneling is utilized when the excavated surface is good in autostability; and the two modes are converted easily. According to the novel dual-mode TBM and the control method thereof disclosed by the invention, the problems that the traditional earth pressure balance tunnel shield is of limited use in encountering a complex rock soil stratum, the TBM does not adapt to a soft soil stratum and the like are solved; the two tunneling modes of hard rock and soft soil are realized, the advantages of two tunnel support technologies of segment erection and hole wall support are combined; the novel mixing type TBM which is integrated with a hard rock tunneler technology and a soft soil tunnel shield technology not only has a hard rock quick tunneling function but also has an excavated surface balancing function, so that the tunnel shield technology and the TBM technology are mutually integrated, the geological adaptation range of the equipment is broadened, the single tunneling equipment has wider geological adaptability, can effectively reduce the construction risk and is simple to operate and low in cost.

The invention provides a compound tunnel shield suitable for construction of complex formation, relating to an architectural construction machinery. The compound tunnel shield comprises a compound cutter head suitable for construction of soft soil formation, hard rock formation, formation with uneven hardness and compound formation with both soft soil and hard rock; 3 excavation modes adopting an open mode, a local atmospheric pressure mode or an excavated surface stabilization mode of an earth pressure balance mode according to different geological characteristics of the geology, and a ground conditioning system; the cutter head is respectively provided with a soft soil layer construction tool and a hard rock layer construction tool, cutters are changed to adapt to different formations in the process of the construction thereof; addition agent is injected into the cutter head surface, a soil chamber or a screw conveyer and the addition agent and muck are mixed by rotary stirring of the cutter head, the soil chamber or the screw conveyer to adapt to different formations through ground conditioning. The invention solves the problem of safe construction of the tunnel shield in soft soil, decomposed rock, formations with uneven hardness, sand layer and sand gravel formation, etc.

The invention discloses hard rock shield construction equipment which is suitable for a single stratum of soft soil, soft rock, hard rock and the like and is simultaneously suitable for a soft and hard alternate stratum and a transition stratum, particularly silt, clay, powder, sand, gravel, decayed rock stratum. In the invention, two tunneling modes can be realized: an earth pressure balance tunneling mode and an open tunneling mode. When an excavated surface has poor stability or soft soil, a sand stratum and a sand gravel stratum with high water content are excavated, the earth pressure balance tunneling mode is used for construction; and when surrounding rock of the excavated surface can be self-stabilized, the open mode is used for construction when the rock stratum has high stability, particularly, a composite cutter head is used for tunneling. The equipment has extremely strong geological adaptability, is particularly suitable for construction of a soft and hard complex stratum of a municipal metro, and also has low construction interference and is convenient to control; and the overall manufacturing cost is greatly reduced compared with a hard rock tunneling machine.

The invention relates to a large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine. The machine comprises a cutterhead, a cutterhead drive part, a propulsion oil cylinder, an erector, spiral conveyors and a frame; the cutterhead is a double-cutterhead which comprises a peripheral large cutterhead and an independent central cutterhead; the cutterhead drive part comprises two driving mechanisms which drive the peripheral large cutterhead and the independent central cutterhead respectively; and the peripheral large cutterhead and the independent central cutterhead rotate independently and bidirectionally. Compared with the prior art, the shield machine adopts the double-cutterhead design, greatly optimizes a cutting speed of the cutterhead on a soil body, further improves a propulsion speed of the shield, optimizes the disturbance effect of the cutterhead on the soil body, and prevents the rolling of a shield machine body; different opening rates are designed on the cutterhead and are suitable for different situations of a central part and a peripheral part when a tunnel is advanced; and three spiral conveyors discharge soil, effectively control the posture of the shield, and prevent the deviation of a tunnel axis.

The invention discloses a construction method of earth cabin back filling and cabin entering operation during earth pressure shielding. The construction method comprises the following steps: (1) injecting bentonite slurry outside the casing of a shield machine; (2) injecting polyurethane outside the body of a shield to form a seal ring; (3) injecting two-liquid slurry outside a tube piece to form a seal ring; (4) replacing muck in an earth cabin with bentonite, and carrying out muck replacement through the cooperation of the a bentonite injection system and a spiral conveyer; (5) carrying out pressure injecting on low, middle and high-strength cement bentonite mortar slurry, and allowing the bentonite slurry in the earth cabin to form cumulates with certain strength; (6) injecting slurry to a cutting ring of the shield machine and the top of a cutter head; (7) carrying out cabin entering operation by constructors; and (8) closing an earth cabin door after cutter replacement is completed, injecting and back-filling bentonite to the earth cabin to establish an earth pressure balanced mode to restore tunneling. The construction method disclosed the invention breaks through the difficulty of cabin entering operation below a special unstable formation and the difficulty of cabin entering operation under a building during shielding, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, strong operability and the like.

The invention belongs to the field of shield construction, and discloses a double-mode shield tunneling machine. The double-mode shield tunneling machine comprises a shield tunneling main engine, a cutterhead arranged on the front portion of the shield tunneling main engine, an earth bin, an air cushion bin, an earth pressure balancing system and a slurry balancing system, wherein the earth bin, the air cushion bin are sequentially formed in the rear portion of the cutterhead. When the shield tunneling machine works, the shield tunneling machine can be switched between an earth pressure balancing tunneling mode and a slurry balancing tunneling mode according to the strata of practical tunnels, so that the shield tunneling machine is adaptive to tunneling under different geological conditions, and the adaptability to complex strata and the shield construction efficiency are improved. Meanwhile, a dilution tank and a breaker are mounted on the tail of a spiral conveyer to break large rocks to the grain size which can be conveyed by a slurry pump, and the broken large rocks are then discharged through a slurry pipeline, and in this way, the situation that large rocks cannot be discharged smoothly in a slurry mode can be prevented effectively.

The invention relates to a shield tube push bench with a super-large rectangular cross section. The tube push bench comprises a cutterhead device, a driving system, a shield structure, a screw conveyer and a back up system, wherein the section of the shield structure is rectangular, and the upper part of the shield structure is in the shape of an arch camber; the shield structure comprises a front shield, error correcting cylinders, a tail shield, adjustable hinged seals and an appearing cylinder; the front shield supporting and driving system is characterized in that the front shield is connected with the tail shield through at least two sets of error correcting cylinders, and the appearing cylinder is arranged at the rear end of the tail shield. In order to further improve the structure of the push bench, the cutterhead device is a combined cutterhead, and can ensure that the earth pressure of the front shield and a tunnelling surface is balanced, and disturbance to an earth layer is small; the driving system is an independent drive system, and a torque can be regulated in a real time manner according to a geological condition. Therefore, the push bench is high in construction efficiency, and small in disturbance to a bottom layer, the ground surface settlement is decreased, the construction reliability is improved, the deslagging efficiency is improved, and the assembling, disassembling, operation and control of the whole tube push bench is convenient and safe; the construction cost of the tube push bench is low, and the tube push bench is economical and practical.

The invention discloses a loess strata subway tunnel earth pressure balance shield construction method. The method comprises that firstly, shield excavation construction is performed by using a earth pressure balance shield machine; the excavation speed in no more than 10cm/min, the total thrust is no more than 15000KN, and the inner pressure of a soil warehouse is kept in a range between 1bar and 2 bar; the aperture opening ratio of a spoke panel type cutter is in a range of 40-70%, and the rotating speed of the cutter is no more than 1.5rpm; cement, pulverized fuel ash, fine sand, bentonite and water is mixed uniformly to obtain synchronous grouting liquid and second grouting is performed by using double-liquid grouting composed of cement paste and water glass; performing shield duct piece assembly construction after completion of one cycle of the shield excavation construction; and the process is repeated until the overall construction of the subway tunnel is achieved. The construction method is simple in step, easy to operate, fast in construction speed, high in construction quality, low in interference on the environment, high in construction safety and capable of guaranteeing successful construction of loess strata subway tunnels.

The invention discloses a construction method for a complex geological section earth pressure balance shield passing a middle air shaft. The construction method for a middle air shaft enclosure structure at the shield passing position comprises the following steps of: pouring a continuous middle air shaft enclosure wall, arranging four concrete supports on the enclosure wall, and reinforcing deep stirring piles of structural bottom plates; and constructing a plain concrete continuous wall on the outer side of the end enclosure structure to block a tunnel portal. A backfilling method comprises the following steps of: backfilling plastic concrete in a range of 3 meters, close to the tunnel portal, and backfilling cement stabilizing soil at the middle position. The construction method also comprises the following steps of: casting the structural concrete bottom plates, casting a side wall of a negative second layer to the position of 50 centimeters below the third support, performing horizontal hole prospection on the tunnel portal part, detaching the third support, and casting a structural concrete side wall to the position of 50 centimeters below a middle plate. Collapse accidents of the tunnel portal and serious safety accidents when an electrical park brake (EPB) shield reaches and a shield machine is buried can be effectively avoided under complex geological conditions; and secondary departure of the shield machine in the middle air shaft and related risks caused by the secondary departure can be avoided.

The invention discloses a method for pumping dregs through an earth pressure balance shield. During the process of mining a tunnel through a shield method, stone blocks in the dregs excavated by a shield machine are filtered, then an additive is added for performing flow plasticity improvement on the dregs, the slump of the dregs after improvement is 165-185mm, and a dreg pump and a pipeline are utilized for pumping the dregs to the outside; and the additive is one or the combination of more than one of water, a foaming agent, a high polymer and bentonite. By adopting the method, the transportation of the dregs can be simultaneously performed during tunneling and the tunneling work efficiency is effectively improved; during the initial stage of the shield, as the pumping of the dregs is realized, a soil outlet well does not need to be additionally increased and the normal tunneling can be achieved during the initial state; when the tunnel spews, the dregs can be continuously pumped to the outside and the work efficiency of clearing slurry in the tunnel can be greatly improved.

The invention discloses a construction method for an earth pressure balance shield underneath crossing a multi-track railway based on a shallow buried soft soil layer, and belongs to the technical field of metro construction. The construction method comprises the following steps that construction preparation is conducted, specifically, the situations that the construction geological condition at asection of a tunnel underneath crossing a building is poor, the ground-surface environment is complex, disturbance of stratum where the tunnel is located is large are determined, in order to ensure that underground water loss is reduced during the period of passing of a shield machine, overbreak of stratums near a house is prevented, disturbance to ground buildings is reduced, and downward excavation safety is ensured; selecting and determining of test sections are conducted; segment grouting holes are additionally formed; segment reinforcement is reinforced; an advance exploratory drilling and grouting system is designed and additionally arranged on the shield machine; control measures of shield tunneling parameters are implemented; and a clay shock method is adopted for inhibiting settlement. Through the technique process, it is ensured that the whole construction technology is smooth and complete before excavation, during excavation and after excavation, and the construction quality is ensured.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional induced polarization method advanced forecast system carried by an earth pressure balance shield, and a detection method. The system penetrates a needle-like electrode into soil for power supply and acquisition by use of a push electrode system carried by a cutter head and overcomes the difficulty of zero detection space in a conventional earth pressure balance shield. Detection currents are enabled to be distributed forwards by use of a shielding electrode, and a guniting device on the cutter head injects a high-resistance grouting material towards soil around the cutter head and the shield, and the difficulties of electromagnetic interference and conduction of currents by taking the shield as a good conductor are overcome. By use of automatic control in a whole process, multipath parallel acquisition and a rapid inversion means, the difficulty of small detection time is overcome. The method provided by the invention realizes detection of spherical weathering bodies, soft and hard layered strata, front full-section hard rocks, pebble layers and muddy layers by use of resistivity differences among geologic bodies; and detection of water containing condition of a water-rich layer by use of excitation polarization half failure is realized.

The invention discloses a method for disassembling an earth pressure balance shield machine in a tunnel. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, dismantling a cutterhead; step 2, dismantling a cylinder; step 3, dismantling a trolley; step 4, dismantling a screw conveyor; step 5, dismantling an erector; step 6, dismantling a motor and a reduction gear; step 7, dismantling a middle body structure; step 8, dismantling a masterdrive; and step 9, conveying the cutterhead out and cutting and dismantling the remaining structure. The invention provides the method for disassembling the earth pressure balance shield machine in the tunnel for a bored tunnel reverse-excavating shield receiving method, so that receiving of a shield machine is finished at a section without receiving conditions.

The invention discloses an intelligent control method for earth pressure balance shield machine tunnel piercing parameters. The intelligent control method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (S1) collecting data and extracting factor nodes affecting shield machine piercing performance, (S2) constructing a topology structure for the factor nodes affecting the shield machine piercing performance to acquire a fuzzy association matrix Wij of each node, (S3) constructing a fuzzy control network map of the earth pressure balance shield mechanism piercing, and dynamically evolving and calculating a state value of each factor node at a t+1 time of period via an iteration rational formula, and (S4) conducting multi-phase decision analysis according to the fuzzy control network map to real-time analyze and control deviation rectification of the earth pressure balance shield machine tunnel piercing parameters. Expert prior knowledge, fuzzy logic and graph theory technologies are employed and ratiocination and real-time analysis and decision make are provided for multi-phase shield machine parameters before, amid and after subway shield machine engineering construction under complicate environment.

The invention provides an earth pressure balance shield mud cake prevention system based on synchronous jet flow. The system comprises a panel fixed sprayer, a cutterhead, a shield body, a soil warehouse separating plate, flushing guns, a flushing position location and tube connection, a high pressure pipeline and pipes, a water separator, a safety valve, a pressure gauge, a high pressure newly increased centrifugal pump, an original centrifugal pump, a base, a water supply pipe, a screw conveyor, a controller and a second trolley. The system provided by the invention has the advantages that working efficiency is high, cost is low, equipment investment is low, operation is simple, no dead angle flushing is carried out on the back of the cutterhead, a bracket of the cutterhead and the soil warehouse separating plate by virtue of the flushing guns at different positions of the soil warehouse separating plate, nozzles of the flushing guns are designed into different specifications, and axial four-hole, axial one-hole and radial four-hole structures are contained, so as to meet flushing requirements of different parts; no dead angle flushing is carried out on a cutter at the center part of the cutterhead by virtue of the panel fixed sprayer of the cutterhead; and mud cake flushing and shield tunneling are synchronous, and mud cake prevention does not influence normal shield tunneling.

The invention provides a soil improvement foaming agent for earth pressure balance shield construction. The foaming agent is formed by compounding 4 to 15% of fatty alcohol sulfate, 0 to 2% of fatty acid salt, 0 to 6% of alpha-olefin sulfonate, 3 to 8% of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 0.1 to 2% of a foam stabilizer and 0.1 to 1% of a foaming aid, with the balance being water. The foaming agent is diluted and mixed with air and then foamed by a foam generation device, and tiny bubbles with a high expansion ratio, high stability, uniform distribution and a diameter of 5 to 300 mu m can be generated; the diameters of bubbles generated by other current foaming agents in China are normally 10 to 400 mu m; and smaller bubbles are more suitable for fine silt layer shield construction soil improvement. At normal temperature and normal pressure, the foam expansion ratio of foaming agent provided by the invention reaches 30 to 90 times, while the foam expansion ratios of foaming agents of a same kind in China are normally 12 to 16 times. Time for bursting of half of the bubbles (a half-life period) generated by the foaming agent is as long as 20 to 80 min, while the half-life period of other current foaming agents in China is normally less than 30 min.

A method for preventing shield jamming by excessive frictional resistance in earth pressure balance shield which involves real-time monitoring of earth pressure signal for earth pressure on the shield body through sensors on the shield machine. Combined with the known parameters, resistance in the shield machine is calculated. The friction F₁ between the shield body and the stratum is calculated by CPU module in PLC according to the earth pressure signals on a real-time basis. Then the friction F₁ is determined whether it is less than or equal to the difference between the quotient of dividing total propulsion force F_t by correction coefficient Kxz and total resistance of F₂, F₃, F₄ and F₅; if so, it is under normal propulsion; if not, the warning device alarms. Therefore forced shut down due to shield jamming is effectively avoided, the construction risk is reduced and the construction efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a muck improvement technology for earth pressure balance shield construction in a sandy cobble stratum and relates to the technical field of stratum shield construction. The improvement technology comprises the following steps: 1, selection of a land improver; 2, land improvement; 3, construction quality control; 4, a soil mass improvement effect and analysis. The improvement technology is simple, and after improvement, muck can be prevented from forming mud cakes on a cutter head, being accumulated in an earth bin, blocking the bin and causing blocking, spewing, wear of the cutter head and a tool and the like at a screw conveyor.

The present invention discloses a complete earth pressure balance shield construction soil mass improvement test method, and belongs to the technical field of the tunnel construction. According to the present invention, a set of test methods for evaluating commonly-used additives in the shield construction and performances of the improved soil mass are designed; a foam test and a mud test are adopted to prepare and evaluate the performances of the additives; a slump test, a stirring test, a friction test, and an earth pressure tank model test are adopted to evaluate the performances of the improved soil mass, and study the fluidity, the vicidity, the friction performance, the permeability and the force transmission performance of the improved soil mass, determine the performance evaluation standard of the improved soil mass, and provide an additive proportion optimizing scheme for the earth pressure balance shield construction. With the set of the test methods and the process, the performances of the additives and the improved soil mass can be comprehensively evaluated; the test scheme is scientific and reasonable; the applicable soil mass of the test method has wide types; the test effect is significant; the test method and the evaluation standard are provided for effectively and economically adopting the additives for improving the soil mass in the earth pressure balance shield construction in different stratums.

The invention provides a construction method for earth pressure balance shield construction pressure launching in subway tunnel engineering. According to the method, a tunnel portal extending ring is matched with rubberized cord fabric, a folding pressure plate and a spring steel plate dual-sealing device to maintain pressure, and replacement is carried out on in-bin residue earth of a launching ring during trial boring launching. According to the method, pressure can be built quickly and normally to reach earth pressure balance tunneling requirements by replacing the in-bin residue earth of the launching ring when the launching ring excavates during the shield launching, water burst risk and sand burst risk generated by directly breaking a tunnel portal are avoided, the construction period is shortened and the construction cost is reduced. According to the shield tunnel construction pressure launching construction method, the risk increased by directly breaking the tunnel portal can be avoided, the leakproofness of the tunnel portal can be ensured, construction pressure excavation can be quickly realized, cost is saved, and the construction safety of the shield tunnel can be guaranteed.

The invention discloses an earth pressure balance shield machine with the freezing function and a tool change method thereof. A freezing unit, a storage tank and a heating device are independently arranged or are added to an accessory system behind the earth pressure balance shield machine; freezing circulation pipes are added in a cutter head structure or on the side face of the cutter head structure, or in a shield body or on the side face of the shield body and a machining cavity is formed through the structure of the shield machine so that a circulating freezing system can be formed, and therefore liquid, semi-liquid and solid media within a certain range around the cutter head, an earth warehouse and the shield body can be frozen. Heating pipelines are additionally arranged on a partition plate, high-temperature heat conduction liquid is input into the heating pipelines and the freezing pipelines through the heating device, and therefore a main driving unit and a center rotating connector can be protected and a frozen area can be molten. The earth pressure balance shield machine with the freezing function can avoid the problems that in the maintaining process of the earth pressure balance shield machine, tool changing risk is large, consumed time is long, and expenses are high.

The invention relates to a selection method for earth pressure balance shield muck improvement parameters of viscous formation adopting foam as an additive and belongs to the technical field of earth pressure balance shield construction. According to the method, the function relation of liquid-plastic limit and the foam injection ratio, the function relation of the slumps and the foam injection ratio and the function relation of the slumps and the water content are obtained through fitting of curve mathematical relationships. In order to facilitate establishment of effective earth pressure balance in the shield tunneling process, based on the requirement that the viscosity index is 0.4-0.75, the relation of the water content and the foam injection ratio is established, and a relation curve is drawn. On coordinate axes of the relation curve, the optimum foam injection ratio range is determined through the optimum slump range, and then the optimum water content range of muck is determined according to the relation of the water content and the foam injection ratio. In the process of field application, the influences of soil warehouse pressure on the volume of the foam, the bulk factor of the muck and the moisture of undisturbed soil are taken into account, and finally the use amount of foaming agents and the water injection ratio needed for muck improvement of each ring duct piece footage of the earth pressure balance shield are obtained. Experiments needed by the method are simple in operation, low in experiment cost and can be effectively applied to field construction.

The invention discloses an earth pressure balance shield driving parameter control method based on earth surface deformation. Calculation formulas of shield earth pressure balance ratio (N/v) and ground loss caused by shield dumping are built in a deduced manner, ground loss caused by shield tail void is considered, spiral conveyer dumping efficiency eta and earth surface settlement trough width I are reversely calculated by the aid of driving data of a shield at the initial driving stage and earth surface settlement data, a control range of the earth pressure balance ratio (N/v) of the shield at next driving stage is built, a reasonable control basis is provided for next driving speed of the shield and spiral conveyer rotating speed according to the range, and procedures are repetitively calculated in next driving process. The earth pressure balance shield driving parameter control method is simple and practical, a quantitatively clear control range can be provided for the driving speed of the shield and the spiral conveyer rotating speed, the problems of overlarge settlement and upheaval of earth surface caused by driving of a tunnel boring machine can be effectively solved.