The invention discloses a construction device for a short-distance overpass building. The construction device comprises a foundation plane, an electric control equipment box, an air compressor, a cement pump, a fixed column, a formed hole, a perforated pipe, a mud discharge pipe, a pressure gauge, a mud discharge port, a pressure detection head, a cement slurry discharge port, a filling reinforcing cavity, a slurry box, a slurry outlet, a main air pipeline, a suck-back water pipeline, bolt connecting holes, a mud discharge valve, a pressure sensor circuit pipe, a hole-cutting water pipeline, ahigh-pressure slurry pipeline, a standby pipeline and a suck-back air pipeline. The construction device has the beneficial effects that the pile body quality is good, cement slurry is directly adopted for spraying, the pile body quality is good after spraying is completed, the influence on the surrounding environment is small, ultra-deep construction is guaranteed, the MJS construction method regulates and controls the in-ground pressure through the in-ground pressure monitoring and forced slurry discharging means, disturbance of construction to the surrounding environment can be greatly reduced, and the ultra-deep construction effect is ensured.