578 results about "Total resistance" patented technology

Phase change devices, and particularly multi-terminal phase change devices, include first and second active terminals bridged together by a phase-change material whose conductivity can be modified in accordance with a control signal applied to a control electrode. This structure allows an application in which an electrical connection can be created between the two active terminals, with the control of the connection being effected using a separate terminal or terminals. Accordingly, the resistance of the heater element can be increased independently from the resistance of the path between the two active terminals. This allows the use of smaller heater elements thus requiring less current to create the same amount of Joule heating per unit area. The resistance of the heating element does not impact the total resistance of the phase change device. The programming control can be placed outside of the main signal path through the phase change device, reducing the impact of the associated capacitance and resistance of the device.

An ECU in an automatic engine control device predicts a maximum discharging current to be supplied from a battery to a starter during a next restart of the engine based on a present voltage, an internal resistance value of the battery, and a starter total resistance value during automatic engine stop. The ECU further predicts a minimum voltage of the battery during a period until the next restart of the engine based on the present voltage, the present internal resistance value of the battery, and the predicted maximum discharging current. The ECU judges whether or not execution of the next restart of the engine during the automatic engine stop based on the predicted minimum voltage of the battery.

Phase change devices, and particularly multi-terminal phase change devices, include first and second active terminals bridged together by a phase-change material whose conductivity can be modified in accordance with a control signal applied to a control electrode. This structure allows an application in which an electrical connection can be created between the two active terminals, with the control of the connection being effected using a separate terminal or terminals. Accordingly, the resistance of the heater element can be increased independently from the resistance of the path between the two active terminals. This allows the use of smaller heater elements thus requiring less current to create the same amount of Joule heating per unit area. The resistance of the heating element does not impact the total resistance of the phase change device. The programming control can be placed outside of the main signal path through the phase change device, reducing the impact of the associated capacitance and resistance of the device.

A set of resistances for an exercise device such as a barbell or an exercise machine includes at least three different values of resistance. In one embodiment the resistances are weights distributed horizontally. The weights can have a binary distribution of resistances, such as one or more five pound weights, one or more ten pound weights, one or more twenty pound weights, one or more forty pound weights, and one or more eighty pound weights. A selector is used to select various combinations of the weights to obtain the desired total resistance. In one embodiment, a controller operates the selector to change the weights in response to a predetermined condition, such as momentary muscular failure or the occurrence of a manual change weight signal. The set of resistances is particularly useful for simplifying the automatic control of a weight stack, and for retrofitting existing machines and devices.

The invention discloses a court line loss rate prediction calculation method using a K-means clustering algorithm, the method comprises the following steps: 1, selecting an active power supply quantity X1, a reactive power supply quantity X2, a total length X3 of a power supply line, a power supply radius X4 and a total resistance X5 of the line as electrical characteristic parameters; 2, standardizing the original data of the electrical characteristic parameters; 3, establishing a performance index function PI (i) of that stage area through electrical characteristic parameters, and selecte aninitial cluster center point and a cluster numb K; Step 4, using the improved K-means clustering algorithm to predict the court line loss rate. The invention utilizes the index function established by the electric characteristic parameters of the court as the principle of judging the initial clustering center by clustering analysis, and improves the accuracy of a clustering result. And the original clustering mode algorithm is changed, which not only provides reasonable sample data for the prediction calculation of the court line loss rate, but also makes the line loss rate prediction resultmore accurate, and improves the calculation speed.

The invention provides an OLED display panel, which is provided with a first auxiliary power supply trace parallel to the power supply trace and located at different layers, and electrically connectsthe first auxiliary power supply trace and the power supply trace through a plurality of through holes arranged at intervals. Corresponding to paralleling the first auxiliary power supply trace on thepower supply trace, the total resistance of the power supply trace and the first auxiliary power supply trace after parallel connection is reduced, so that when the power supply signal is transmittedon the structure in which the power supply trace is connected in parallel with the first auxiliary power supply trace, the voltage drop at each position is reduced, the difference of the power supplysignal transmitted to each pixel unit is smaller, and the display at each position of the OLED display panel is more uniform.

A circuit and a method to measure continuously the resistance of variable resistors in series as e.g. potentiometers within a sensor, used for e.g. a joystick, has been achieved. The voltage across said sensor comprising any number of variable resistors is stabilized. A constant current source is providing a minimum current through said sensor. A variable current source is used to zoom variations of current through the sensor caused by variations of resistance of the sensor. Said variable current is mirrored and by measuring the voltage across a shunt resistor the total resistance of the sensor is identified. Using ports between each of the resistors, voltages can be measured representing the resistance of each of the variable resistors using known equations of voltage dividers. Any number of variable resistors can be used in the circuit invented.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ship manufacturing, and specially relates to a method for a ship ice-breaking test in real water area. The method comprises the steps that (1), two water areas are formed in a planned test area on the river surface, wherein the length and the width of each water area are 50 m and 10 m correspondingly, and a laboratory containing test equipment and testers is built; (2), two cable towing mechanisms are fixed to one end of an ice tunnel correspondingly, a ship module is adjusted to a marked ballast waterline at the other end, and arrangement, connection and debugging of the test equipment are conducted; and (3), the cable towing mechanisms tow the ship module to move at a constant speed, and open-water resistance and the like of the ship module in still water are measured. The method is applied to resistance tests of the ship module in a level ice zone and a broken ice zone, a self-propulsion test of the ship module and the like, and can accurately measure parameters, such as total resistance, resistance components, sinkage, trim, propeller thrust and torque and main motor power, of the ship module when the ship module sails in the ice zones.

An apparatus and method for enhanced transient blocking employing a transient blocking unit (TBU) that uses at least one depletion mode n-channel device interconnected with at least one depletion mode p-channel device. The interconnection is performed such that a transient alters a bias voltage Vp of the p-channel device and a bias voltage Vn of the n-channel device such that the p- and n-channel devices mutually switch off to block the transient. The apparatus has an enhancer circuit for applying an enhancement bias to a gate terminal of at least one of the depletion mode n-channel devices of the TBU to reduce a total resistance Rtot of the apparatus. Alternatively, the apparatus has an enhancement mode NMOS transistor and a TBU connected thereto to help provide an enhancement bias to a gate terminal of the enhancement mode NMOS.

The invention relates to a patient cable for medical measurements performed in connection with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In order to eliminate the risk of thermal injuries without compromising the signal-to-noise ratio more than what is required for patient safety, the patient cable comprises two successive cable elements having different resistance characteristics. The second cable element, which is connected by the first cable element to the patient, has a total resistance increased from a normal high-conductivity resistance value of a patient cable to suppress antenna resonances in the second cable element. The first cable element, which is connected to the electrodes on the skin of the patient, has a total resistance substantially greater than that of the second cable element to prevent electromagnetically induced currents from flowing to the patient and to prevent excessive heating of the cable by electromagnetic induction.

A slider includes a Tunneling Magneto-Resistive (TuMR) read sensor and a shunt resistor connected in parallel. The shunt resistor may be located in a read structure of the slider. The shunt resistor may reduce a total resistance of the read structure and any corresponding impedance mismatch between the read structure, a transmission line, and a preamplifier. The shunt resistor may be made of a material having a near zero thermal coefficient of resistivity (TCR) to test a quality of the TuMR read sensor. The TuMR read sensor may be deemed defective if its TCR deviates from a population average by a specific criterion. The TuMR read sensor may include a MgO tunneling barrier to improve signal strength. The TuMR read sensor may include a free layer that is able to be saturated with a perpendicular background field to calculate a more accurate TCR of the TuMR read sensor.

The invention discloses a compound functional sandwich glass containing a metal nanostructured conductive layer, and the sandwich glass provided by the invention relates to the field of auto sandwich glass, and comprises an inside glass substrate, an outside glass substrate, a transparent conductive film, a sandwich polymer and a metal nano-structured conductive layer. The sandwich glass is characterized in that the inside glass substrate and the outside glass substrate are two glass bent plates with curvature; the sandwich glass is composed of two pieces of glass and the sandwich polymer, the transparent conductive film is deposited on one side of one piece of glass facing the sandwich polymer, the metal nano-structured conductive layer is arranged on the transparent conductive film, and the transparent conductive film and the metal nano-structured conductive layer are combined closely and connected with a power supply by virtue of a bus. The compound functional sandwich glass disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the metal nano-structured conductive layer is arranged on the transparent conductive film, and the metal nano-structured conductive layer and the transparent conductive film are connected in parallel, thereby reducing the total resistance for heating the sandwich glass, and then achieving the purposes of concurrently meeting and ensuring that the visible light transmittance is higher than 70% and the sandwich glass is heated by using an auto standard 12V direct-current power supply.

An electrochemical device having an electrode matrix including a multilayer structure laminating positive and negative electrodes with a separator interposed therebetween; wherein at least one of the positive and negative electrodes has a resistance control layer at least at an edge part exposed when the separator thermally shrinks on a surface on the separator side; and wherein the resistance control layer has a resistance value as a total resistance value of the electrode matrix falling in such a range that an estimated internal short circuit current between the positive and negative electrodes is equivalent to 0.09 C to 1 C.

A system and method for constructing a resistance integrated coupler adapted to be coupled between a data bus and a terminal device. The system and method includes the steps of calculating a desired resistance of a set of data-bus windings, wherein the desired resistance is substantially (1.5xZo), wherein Zo is a selected data bus cable nominal characteristic impedance; winding the set of data-bus windings to form a first part of the resistance integrated coupler using a specified amount of high resistance wire, the specified amount of high resistance wire having a total resistance substantially equal to the calculated desired resistance; and winding a set of terminal device windings to form a second part of the resistance integrated coupler. The resistance integrated coupler is constructed substantially in accordance with the guidelines of MIL-STD-1553B.

The invention provides a touch substrate, a manufacturing method of the touch substrate and a touch display device. The touch substrate comprises a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer which are arranged on a lining substrate, wherein the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrodes; the second electrode layer comprises a plurality of second electrodes; each first electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode units and first connecting parts which are connected between two adjacent first electrode units; each second electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode units and second connecting parts which are connected between two adjacent second electrode units; the first connecting parts and the second connecting parts are intersected; the first electrode units are transparent electrode blocks; the second electrode units are metal grid electrode blocks. The total resistance of electrodes on the touch substrate can be reduced, the manufacturing method can be suitable for manufacturing the touch substrate with large size, and meanwhile, the ripple effect is reduced.

A cigarette segmental draw resistance measuring method comprises the steps of dividing a whole cigarette into six parts including a cut tobacco part wrapped by cigarette paper, a cigarette paper part, a cut tobacco part wrapped by tipping paper, a front part of a filter tip, a rear part of the filter tip and a filter tip ventilation hole part, and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are used for respectively representing the draw resistance of the segmental parts of the cigarette. Through measurement of open draw resistance, closed draw resistance, two types of semi-closed draw resistance, total ventilation rate, filter tip front segment length and filter tip rear segment length, the corresponding total resistance value of the cigarette is obtained, and meanwhile, by utilizing series-parallel connection relationships between the resistance values of the six segment parts of the cigarette as well as a relational expression between the draw resistance and the resistance values as well as airflow amount are used to calculate the draw resistance of each segment of the cigarette. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation and simple calculation, can realize accurate measurement on the draw resistance of each part of the cigarette under the condition of different types of filter tip ventilation technologies, and provides basic support for cigarette product quality tracing, product design and process optimization.

A method for preventing shield jamming by excessive frictional resistance in earth pressure balance shield which involves real-time monitoring of earth pressure signal for earth pressure on the shield body through sensors on the shield machine. Combined with the known parameters, resistance in the shield machine is calculated. The friction F1 between the shield body and the stratum is calculated by CPU module in PLC according to the earth pressure signals on a real-time basis. Then the friction F1 is determined whether it is less than or equal to the difference between the quotient of dividing total propulsion force Ft by correction coefficient Kxz and total resistance of F2, F3, F4 and F5; if so, it is under normal propulsion; if not, the warning device alarms. Therefore forced shut down due to shield jamming is effectively avoided, the construction risk is reduced and the construction efficiency is improved.

An on-chip, ultra-compact, and programmable semiconductor resistor device and device structure and a method of fabrication. Each semiconductor resistor device structure is formed of one or more conductively connected buried trench type resistor elements exhibiting a precise resistor value. At least two semiconductor resistor device structures may be connected in series or in parallel configuration through the intermediary of one or more fuse devices that may be blown to achieve a desired total resistance value.

The invention provides a nonvolatile resistance transformation type memorizer. A buffer layer is arranged between a resistance transformation type accumulation layer and an electrode, thereby the total resistance of the memorizer can be increased, and the working current of the memorizer can be further reduced; and the buffer layer can improve the barrier height at an interface, thereby the working voltage of the memorizer is reduced, and the power consumption of the memorizer is further reduced. The resistance transformation type memorizer with a buffer layer structure has simple manufacturing process and low manufacturing cost, and is compatible to the traditional CMOS process. Accordingly, the invention also provides a method for manufacturing the nonvolatile resistance transformation type memorizer.

A slider includes a Tunneling Magneto-Resistive (TuMR) read sensor and a shunt resistor connected in parallel. The shunt resistor may be located in a read structure of the slider. The shunt resistor may reduce a total resistance of the read structure and any corresponding impedance mismatch between the read structure, a transmission line, and a preamplifier. The shunt resistor may be made of a material having a near zero thermal coefficient of resistivity (TCR) to test a quality of the TuMR read sensor. The TuMR read sensor may be deemed defective if its TCR deviates from a population average by a specific criterion. The TuMR read sensor may include a MgO tunneling barrier to improve signal strength. The TuMR read sensor may include a free layer that is able to be saturated with a perpendicular background field to calculate a more accurate TCR of the TuMR read sensor.

Resistance type water level sensor is produced from cascade resistances and leading out probes, or resistance bar (strip, tube) with continuous distributed resistance, or enwinding resistance wire on outside insulating plastic rod. The sensor is realized based on principle of resistance built in the sensor and liquid to be measured with partial conduction property. There is good linear relation between total resistance of sensor and depth of sensor immersed to water or liquid. Measuring resistance value of sensor obtains depth value of sensor immersed to water or liquid.

A TMR network 120 using TMR elements as magnetoresistive elements is formed as a variable resistive element network by a series-parallel connection of two kinds of variable resistive elements R with resistance values that change according to an external input X or a memory input Y, as shown in an AND operation network 122 in FIG. 5(b), wherein the total resistance value Rtotal is minimized, that is, the current I is maximized for a particular combination of the inputs. Assuming Rxi and Ryi (i=0, 1 and 2) as the resistance values of the variable resistive elements R according, respectively, to the external input X and memory input Y, the values of x and y determine the current I that flows through the network as shown in FIG. 5(d). Setting a threshold value between I0 and I1 using a threshold detector 160 makes it possible to realize AND operation. The operation result is then output as a voltage value through an IV converter 170.

A system to measure thickness of a shroud is provided. The system includes at least one resistive element embedded within the shroud. The system also includes an impedance measurement device that measures a total resistance associated with the at least one resistive element.

The invention relates to a memory cell for providing an information item, having a memory element, which has a PMC resistance component with a solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte material may be put into a first state with a high electrical resistance and into a second state with a low electrical resistance. The memory element has a resistance element which is connected up to the PMC resistance component in such a way as to reduce the total resistance of the memory element in the first state.

The invention provides a method for detecting the quality of a conductive sliding ring, relating to a method for detecting the conductive sliding ring, and solving the problem that the conventional method for detecting the conductive sliding ring cannot represent the change of the total dynamic resistance of the conductive sliding ring and the contact resistance between an electric brush and a sliding way. The method comprises the following specific steps of: placing a conductive sliding ring to be detected on a conductive sliding ring test tool to enable the conductive sliding ring to be operated at a constant rotation speed omega; and measuring a dynamic resistance y(t); according to the total resistance of the conductive ring, obtaining a total resistance R of a circle of the conductive ring to be detected, and calculating to obtain a resistance equivalent direct-current component R0 of the conductive sliding ring by comparing the ideal dynamic resistance with the actually measured dynamic resistance y(t) and the parameter R; solving to obtain a residual effective value rho of the conductive sliding ring to be detected according to the parameters R and R0, wherein the rho represents the quality of a process for manufacturing the electric brush of the conductive sliding ring and the conductive sliding ring; and calculating to obtain a mean value and a maximum fluctuation delta Rmax according to the y(t), and obtaining a fluctuation peak value Rpp according to the parameter R, wherein the material used by the conductive ring and the conductivity are reflected by the mean value, the maximum fluctuation delta Rmax and the fluctuation peak value Rpp. The method for detecting the quality of the conductive sliding ring provided by the invention is applicable to the quality detection of the conductive sliding ring.

A battery pack (2) for an associated hand-held electric machine tool (1) and for an associated charging device (13) including an analog temperature sensor (3) with a negative temperature coefficient and a temperature measuring interface (4) accessible from the outside. Battery protection electronics (5) arranged in the hand-held electric machine tool (1) and in the charging device (13), which have a battery protection logic (6) and a power switch (8) that is arranged in the circuit path (7) of the battery pack (2) can be influenced. The battery pack (2) is provided with an emergency protection circuit (10), which is connected in parallel with the analog temperature sensor (3) and which, in emergency situations, can actively reduce the total resistance (R) measurable from the outside via the temperature measuring interface (4).

The invention discloses a preparation method of a water retention type proton exchange membrane for a fuel cell, including spraying a perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution on the surface of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene micropore film; the method comprises the following steps: filling a perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin component and a silicon dioxide component into micropores of theexpanded polytetrafluoroethylene micropore film in an impregnating way; and controlling the exchanging thickness of a compound proton in a way of spraying the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin component and the silicon dioxide component. The compound proton exchange membrane prepared by the method not only ensures the absorption capability of water but also reduces the total resistance of the compound proton exchange membrane because water retention components of silicon dioxide is distributed in a gradient way, has a water retention function, reduces the dependency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell on a humidification system, can ensure the compound proton exchange membrane to normally work under a low-humidification environment, is easy to realize the large-scale production andhas uniform thickness, high humidity strength and good size stability.

The present invention relates to a fluid line for conducting and heating a medium, having a heating line comprising a conduit and an electrical heating element which is assigned to the conduit. In this case, a particular heating power per unit length can be set, the heating element comprising at least three heating conductors which run along the conduit. The ends of the heating conductors are connected to one another and can be connected to a supply voltage in such a manner that a plurality of heating conductors are connected in series and / or in parallel such that, for a particular supply voltage, the heating power of the fluid line is determined by the total resistance of the heating conductors.

The invention relates to a patient cable for medical measurements performed in connection with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In order to eliminate the risk of thermal injuries without compromising the signal-to-noise ratio more than what is required for patient safety, the patient cable comprises two successive cable elements having different resistance characteristics. The second cable element, which is connected by the first cable element to the patient, has a total resistance increased from a normal high-conductivity resistance value of a patient cable to suppress antenna resonances in the second cable element. The first cable element, which is connected to the electrodes on the skin of the patient, has a total resistance substantially greater than that of the second cable element to prevent electromagnetically induced currents from flowing to the patient and to prevent excessive heating of the cable by electromagnetic induction.

An apparatus and method for enhanced transient blocking employing a transient blocking unit (TBU) that uses at least one depletion mode n-channel device interconnected with at least one depletion mode p-channel device. The interconnection is performed such that a transient alters a bias voltage Vp of the p-channel device and a bias voltage Vn of the n-channel device such that the p- and n-channel devices mutually switch off to block the transient. The apparatus has an enhancer circuit for applying an enhancement bias to a gate terminal of at least one of the depletion mode n-channel devices of the TBU to reduce a total resistance Rtot of the apparatus. Alternatively, the apparatus has an enhancement mode NMOS transistor and a TBU connected thereto to help provide an enhancement bias to a gate terminal of the enhancement mode NMOS.