136results about How to "Accurate resistance" patented technology

A disposable biosensor for testing a fluid sample including a laminated strip with a first and second end, a reference electrode embedded in the laminated strip proximate to the first end, at least one working electrode embedded in the laminated strip proximate to the first end and the reference electrode, an open path for receiving a fluid sample beginning from the first end and connecting to a vent spaced from the first end, the open path being sufficiently long to expose the reference electrode and the working electrode to the fluid sample, and conductive contacts located at the second end of the laminated strip. The laminated strip has a base layer with a conductive coating, a reagent holding layer, a channel forming layer and a cover having an inlet notch at the first end. The working electrode contains a reagent having an enzyme.

The force or pressure sensor array of the present invention effectively has both flexibility and elasticity. Since the substrate itself is a kind of a polymer material, the substrate can be bent or expanded. Although silicon, which is a material of the semiconductor strain gauge, is easily broken and solid, mechanical flexibility can be secured if it is fabricated extremely thin. To this end, particularly, disclosed is a flexible force or pressure sensor array using semiconductor strain gauges 110, the sensor array comprising: a substrate 10 including: the semiconductor strain gauges 110 in which a plurality of elements formed in a certain array pattern is deformed by force or pressure, a pair of polymer film layers 120 and 130 having film surfaces contacted facing each other and containing the semiconductor strain gauge 110 between the film surfaces contacted with each other, and a pair of signal line layers formed on top and bottom surfaces of an insulating layer using either of the pair of polymer film layers 120 and 130 as the insulating layer and connected to the elements 111 of the array pattern to form electrodes, for fetching deformation signals outputted due to deformation of the elements 111 to outside; and a pair of elastomer layers 20 and 30 formed on both sides of the substrate 10 to contain the substrate 10 inside.

A power supply apparatus for a vehicle comprises a voltage detection circuit that detects voltages of a plurality of battery modules. The voltage detection circuit comprises a multiplexer that switches the battery modules voltages of which are detected in a time sharing manner, and a voltage detection portion that detects the voltages of the battery modules switched by the multiplexer. In the power supply apparatus, a particular point of the battery module is connected to a chassis through a leakage detection resistance, and the voltage detection circuit detects a chassis voltage that is inducted to the both ends of the leakage detection resistance by switching the multiplexer of the voltage detection circuit to detect a leakage resistance based on the chassis voltage.

An apparatus 10 for measuring and / or analyzing the rollover resistance and dynamic compliance characteristics of a vehicle 12. Apparatus 10 includes a controller 14, a selectively rotatable test bed assembly 16, several load sensors 18 which are disposed upon test bed assembly 16, suspension jacks or actuators 20, a gravity compensation assembly 22, and various vehicle sensors 24. Controller 14 is communicatively coupled to test bed assembly 16, sensors 18, actuators 20, gravity compensation assembly 22, and vehicle sensors 24. Controller 14 generates signals to test bed assembly 16, actuators 20, and assembly 22, effective to cause test bed assembly 16, actuators 20 and assembly 22 to replicate certain inertial conditions or events. Controller 14 further receives signals from sensors 18 and 24, and processes and utilizes the received signals to analyze and / or measure the resistance of vehicle 12 to rollover and dynamic compliance characteristics of vehicle 12 during the replicated inertial conditions or events.

The present invention consists of the particular geometry of the reflectors or dispersers which constitute the anti-radar chaff cloud. Instead of using conventional rectilinear forms, in the present invention multilevel and space-filling forms are introduced. Due to this geometric design, the properties of the radar chaff clouds improve mainly in two aspects: radar cross-section (RCS) and mean time of suspension.

Provided is a shunt resistor which has an excellent accuracy of current detection and a small temperature drift as well as a compact structure, and improves the operability. The shunt resistor is provided with a resistance body (11), a pair of main electrodes (12, 12) separated from the resistance body, and a pair of voltage detection electrodes (13, 13) separated from the main electrodes. The voltage detection electrodes (13) are provided and fixed between the resistance body (11) and the main electrodes (12). The voltage detection electrode (13) is provided with a detection terminal (13a) to be connected to a terminal of a voltage detection circuit. The resistance body (11) has a columnar shape. The voltage detection electrode (13) and main electrode (12) are fixed to both end faces of the resistance body (11) in the length direction, so that they are opposing each other. The components are bonded by diffusion boding, friction bonding, wax bonding, etc., after abutting the bonding surfaces with each other.

An abrasive pad assembly, for use with a surfacing machine, includes a circular pad member and a diamond abrasive member. The circular pad member includes an exterior surface and the diamond abrasive member is affixed to the exterior surface of the circular pad member. The diamond abrasive member includes an insert and a diamond abrasive material. The insert has a first surface affixed to the exterior surface of the circular pad member. The diamond abrasive material is a polycrystalline diamond substance that is affixed to the second surface of the insert. The polycrystalline diamond material is spaced apart from the exterior surface of the circular pad member.

After a resistor and / or a capacitor are simultaneously fired on a fired ceramic core substrate to be fired, the fired resistor and / or the fired capacitor is trimmed so that the resistance and the capacitance are adjusted. Thereafter, an after-lamination green sheet is laminated onto the ceramic core substrate and the produced after-lamination substrate is fired at a temperature which is lower than the sintering temperature of the resistor and the dielectric. Thus, the sintered resistor and dielectric can be prevented from being softened and melted when the after-lamination substrate is fired. Moreover, the resistance and the capacitance accurately adjusted by trimming before the after-lamination substrate is fired are not changed by the firing.

The present disclosure is directed to a thin film resistor having a first resistor layer having a first temperature coefficient of resistance and a second resistor layer on the first resistor layer, the second resistor layer having a second temperature coefficient of resistance different from the first temperature coefficient of resistance. The first temperature coefficient of resistance may be positive while the second temperature coefficient of resistance is negative. The first resistor layer may have a thickness in the range of 50 and 150 angstroms and the second resistor layer may have a thickness in the range of 20 and 50 angstroms.

An on-chip, ultra-compact, and programmable semiconductor resistor device and device structure and a method of fabrication. Each semiconductor resistor device structure is formed of one or more conductively connected buried trench type resistor elements exhibiting a precise resistor value. At least two semiconductor resistor device structures may be connected in series or in parallel configuration through the intermediary of one or more fuse devices that may be blown to achieve a desired total resistance value.

An electronic cigarette includes an atomizer (26) having a coil-less heating element (4). The coil-less heating element (4) may include a heating section (6), two leads (3,3′) electrically connected to the heating section (6), and a liquid guiding structure. The liquid guiding structure includes two pads (13,13′), a first pad (13) and a second pad (13′) sandwiching at least a portion of the heating section (6). Optionally, the electronic cigarette further includes a gasket (21) which is placed between a liquid supply (34) and the first pad (13) such that liquid is conducted from the liquid supply to the first pad (13).

A “Complete Body Fitness Machine” that provides for a muscle building workout as well as a cardiovascular workout for the total body consists generally of an adjustable seat and two arms on either side, which are adjustable in height and have an infinitely and independently variable resistance possible in either clockwise or counterclockwise rotation. The arms are designed to have several types of mechanisms attached, so as to be able to work with a variety of body parts including, but not limited to, hands, arms, legs, feet, torso, neck and shoulders. When the proper attachment is used, the resistance for each direction of rotation of the arm is set, and the exercise is conducted. Depending on the workout desired, the seat and arms could be adjusted to different positions as well as the seat can be free-moving. This, combined with the fact that the arms can rotate 360-degrees, allows the user to simulate rotational cardiovascular exercises such as cycling, rowing, rotation of the arms in a circular motion (similarly to how the legs rotate in the cycling motion), and even running. The two independent arms are infinitely and separately adjusted for resistance in either rotational direction. This means that the body's natural design of using opposing muscle groups such as the bicep and triceps to bend and straighten the arm can be not only be utilized, but also maximized for efficiency of operation and workout.

A leakage detector for a power supply apparatus for a vehicle having a voltage detection circuit that detects voltages of a plurality of battery modules. The voltage detection circuit comprises a multiplexer that switches the battery modules voltages of which are detected in a time sharing manner, and a voltage detection portion that detects the voltages of the battery modules switched by the multiplexer. In the power supply apparatus, a particular point of the battery module is connected to a chassis through a leakage detection resistance, and the voltage detection circuit detects a chassis voltage that is induced between the ends of the leakage detection resistance by switching the multiplexer of the voltage detection circuit to detect a leakage resistance based on the chassis voltage.

An ultrasound probe (1) comprising a housing (6), a transducer assembly (301) operable to transmit ultrasonic energy towards a zone (801) of the probe adapted to be acoustically coupled to an object or area of interest, a cooling system comprising a heat transfer device (2, 5) arranged to transfer heat generated by the transducer assembly to one or more regions or areas (103, 7) located outside such transducer assembly. The heat transfer device comprises graphene.

A semiconductor device of the invention has a plurality of resistor elements formed on an element isolating oxide film in predetermined regions on a surface of a semiconductor substrate. Active regions are furnished close to the resistor elements. This allows the element isolating oxide film near the resistor elements to be divided into suitable strips, forestalling a concave formation at the center of the element isolating oxide film upon polishing of the film by CMP and thereby enhancing dimensional accuracy of the resistor elements upon fabrication.

A contact resistance test structure, a method for fabricating the contact resistance test structure and a method for measuring a contact resistance while using the contact resistance test structure are all predicated upon two parallel conductor lines (or multiples thereof) that are contacted by one perpendicular conductor line absent a via interposed there between. The test structure and related methods are applicable within the context of three-dimensional integrated circuits.

A method of measuring a motor constant is provided in a vector control apparatus for an induction motor. A voltage output phase θv is set at a previously set arbitrary phase. Prior to applying a current, a current command is fed to operate the vector control apparatus with a proportional-plus-integral controller being set operative. After conduction for a predetermined time, the gain of the proportional-plus-integral controller is set to zero to maintain an integrated value constant and accordingly fix a voltage command value. In this state, a current command value and a detected current value are measured. This measurement is performed at two levels of current, and a primary resistance value (or a line-to-line resistance value) is derived from the slope.

The present invention is based on the discovery that drug resistance in microorganisms can be rapidly and accurately determined using mass spectrometry. A mass spectrum of an intact microorganism or one or more isolated biomarkers from the microorganism grown in drug containing, isotopically-labeled media is compared with a mass spectrum of the intact microorganism or one or more isolated biomarkers from the microorganism grown in non-labeled media without the drug present. Drug resistance is determined by predicting and detecting a characteristic mass shift of one or more biomarkers using algorithms. The characteristic mass shift is indicative that the microorganism is growing in the presence of the drug and incorporating the isotopic label into the one or more biomarkers, resulting in change in mass.

A MOS resistance controlling device includes: a plurality of MOS transistors having a first MOS transistor to N-th (the integer N is larger than 1) MOS transistor being serially connected, the source of the first MOS transistor being set to a first reference potential, the drain the N-th MOS transistor being set to a second reference potential, and the drain of an I-th MOS transistor being connected to the source of an I+1-th MOS transistor, where I is an integer from 1 to N−1; a current source which is electrically disposed at connection node between the drain of the N-th MOS transistors and the second reference potential; and an operational amplifier having a first input terminal being supplied with a third reference potential, a second input terminal connected with the connection node and an output terminal being connected with gates of the MOS transistors.

The present disclosure is directed to a thin film resistor structure that includes a resistive element electrically connecting first conductor layers of adjacent interconnect structures. The resistive element is covered by a dielectric cap layer that acts as a stabilizer and heat sink for the resistive element. Each interconnect includes a second conductor layer over the first conductive layer. The thin film resistor includes a chromium silicon resistive element covered by a silicon nitride cap layer.

A method of estimating stator resistance of a permanent magnet synchronous machine, when the permanent magnet synchronous machine is controlled with an inverter using a control system having an adaptive observer which is augmented with a signal injection, the adaptive observer having a stator resistance estimate ({circumflex over (R)}s) as a parameter, in which method an error signal (ε) is obtained from the signal injection, a speed correction term (ωε) is calculated from the error signal (ε), the rotor position estimate is corrected using the speed correction term (ωε) in the adaptive observer, whereby the error signal (ε) is driven to zero. The method comprises the step of correcting the value of the stator resistance estimate ({circumflex over (R)}s) in the adaptive observer when the speed correction term (ωε) differs from zero.

The invention discloses a gas leakage alarm controller with an intelligent alarm threshold values. The gas leakage alarm controller comprises at least one gas sensor, a microprocessor and an executing control mechanism controlled by the microprocessor, wherein each gas sensor is connected with the microprocessor via a resistance / voltage converting circuit, the microprocessor prestores a characteristic curve and the combustible gas alarm concentration value of the gas sensor and utilizes clean air as datum, compares voltage signals received from the resistance / voltage converting circuit with voltage value of the prestored characteristic curve and determines and stores the alarm threshold values corresponding to the gas sensors. The gas leakage alarm controller with the intelligent alarm threshold value has the advantages of no need to test the combustible gas alarm concentration, higher production efficiency, no pollution and convenience in use.

An electrical connector (100) includes an insulative housing (1) defining a number of passageways (121) for receiving corresponding contacts (2), and a metal shield (3) enclosing the insulative housing (1). The metal shield has a top face (31), a bottom face (32) and a pair of side faces (33). The bottom face includes a pair of first board mounting legs (325) downwardly and a slot (326) between the first board mounting legs (325). The first board mounting legs (325) are disposed in communication of the slot (326) and mounted on a printed circuit board (4). The length of the slot (326) is equal to the total length of the first board mounting legs (325). With the addition of the first board mounting legs (325), the connector (100) can be more stably mounted on the printed circuit board.

A method of estimating stator resistance of a permanent magnet synchronous machine, when the permanent magnet synchronous machine is controlled with an inverter using a control system having an adaptive observer which is augmented with a signal injection, the adaptive observer having a stator resistance estimate ({circumflex over (R)}s) as a parameter, in which method an error signal (ε) is obtained from the signal injection, a speed correction term (ωε) is calculated from the error signal (ε), the rotor position estimate is corrected using the speed correction term (ωε) in the adaptive observer, whereby the error signal (ε) is driven to zero. The method comprises the step of correcting the value of the stator resistance estimate ({circumflex over (R)}s) in the adaptive observer when the speed correction term (ωε) differs from zero.

A metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor S is connected to a ladder resistance R, and the output voltage is subjected to logarithmic transformation at plural points on a waveform of temperature change by LnR=2-4 V R1 / Vc+LnR1 (1) where R indicating the resistance of the metal oxide semiconductor, V R1 the output voltage to the ladder resistance, Vc the detecting voltage, R1 the resistance of the ladder resistance, and Ln natural logarithm, respectively. Standard signals comprising logarithms of resistance values of the metal oxide semiconductor in plural concentrations and at plural points on the waveform are stored in the EEPROM, and these standard signals and logarithms obtained are compared with each other to detect the gas.

Provided is a shunt resistor which has an excellent accuracy of current detection and a small temperature drift as well as a compact structure, and improves the operability. The shunt resistor is provided with a resistance body (11), a pair of main electrodes (12, 12) separated from the resistance body, and a pair of voltage detection electrodes (13, 13) separated from the main electrodes. The voltage detection electrodes (13) are provided and fixed between the resistance body (11) and the main electrodes (12). The voltage detection electrode (13) is provided with a detection terminal (13a) to be connected to a terminal of a voltage detection circuit. The resistance body (11) has a columnar shape. The voltage detection electrode (13) and main electrode (12) are fixed to both end faces of the resistance body (11) in the length direction, so that they are opposing each other. The components are bonded by diffusion boding, friction bonding, wax bonding, etc., after abutting the bonding surfaces with each other.

The invention relates to a method for measuring temperature of a cavity of epitaxial equipment. The method comprises the following steps of: growing an oxide layer; performing ion implantation; performing an annealing process in the cavity of the epitaxial equipment; completely stripping off the oxide layer and measuring predetermined square resistance distribution; and acquiring corresponding temperature distribution according to a measured square resistance value and temperature-resistance relationship so as to measure the temperature of the epitaxial equipment. In the method for measuring the temperature of the cavity of the epitaxial equipment, the ion implantation is adopted and the annealing is performed in the cavity of the epitaxial equipment, so that the predetermined square resistance distribution is measured, then the corresponding temperature distribution is acquired, and overall temperature distribution of each region in the cavity of the epitaxial equipment is acquired to completely monitor the temperature of the cavity of the epitaxial equipment.

The invention relates to a resistor for precisely setting temperature coefficient and a manufacturing method thereof. The invention selects the thick film resistance serum with two temperature coefficients to manufacture a target thick film resistance. The temperature coefficients of two kinds of thick film resistance serum are taken at two sides of the temperature coefficient of the target thick film resistance. Furthermore, the resistance value of the target thick film resistance is the sum of the resistance values of two thick film resistances, and the resistance values of two thick film resistances are determined according to a formula. Two thick film resistances are precisely modified to correct the resistance values so that the temperature coefficient error of the target resistance is reduced to about 1 percent from the error about 12.5 percent in the prior art.

An on-chip, ultra-compact, and programmable semiconductor resistor device and device structure and a method of fabrication. Each semiconductor resistor device structure is formed of one or more conductively connected buried trench type resistor elements exhibiting a precise resistor value. At least two semiconductor resistor device structures may be connected in series or in parallel configuration through the intermediary of one or more fuse devices that may be blown to achieve a desired total resistance value.