202results about How to "Voltage is accurate" patented technology

An output voltage amplifier, and a driving device of a liquid crystal display using the same are disclosed. The output voltage amplifier includes: an amplifying unit to generate first and second signals corresponding to a gray voltage input to a first input terminal and a feedback signal input to a second input terminal, and to output a first voltage by using first and second switches driven to be on or off according to the first and second signals; an output unit to apply the first and second data signals to the first and second pixels by using third and fourth switches turned on or off according to the first and second signals; and a feedback circuit unit to selectively supply one of the first voltage and the first and second data signals to the second input terminal. Heating characteristics and a slew rate can be improved.

The force or pressure sensor array of the present invention effectively has both flexibility and elasticity. Since the substrate itself is a kind of a polymer material, the substrate can be bent or expanded. Although silicon, which is a material of the semiconductor strain gauge, is easily broken and solid, mechanical flexibility can be secured if it is fabricated extremely thin. To this end, particularly, disclosed is a flexible force or pressure sensor array using semiconductor strain gauges 110, the sensor array comprising: a substrate 10 including: the semiconductor strain gauges 110 in which a plurality of elements formed in a certain array pattern is deformed by force or pressure, a pair of polymer film layers 120 and 130 having film surfaces contacted facing each other and containing the semiconductor strain gauge 110 between the film surfaces contacted with each other, and a pair of signal line layers formed on top and bottom surfaces of an insulating layer using either of the pair of polymer film layers 120 and 130 as the insulating layer and connected to the elements 111 of the array pattern to form electrodes, for fetching deformation signals outputted due to deformation of the elements 111 to outside; and a pair of elastomer layers 20 and 30 formed on both sides of the substrate 10 to contain the substrate 10 inside.

A reference voltage generation circuit has transistors generating a PTAT current that increases in proportion to temperature, a transistor generating a CTAT current that decreases in proportion to temperature, a first variable resistor adjusting an output voltage, a transistor supplying the PTAT current to the first variable resistor via a first switch, a transistor supplying the CTAT current to the first variable resistor via a second switch, and a second variable resistor adjusting the CTAT current. The first switch is on in first and third operation modes and off in a second operation mode. The second switch is on in the first and second operation modes and off in the third operation mode. Switching the operation modes realizes independently outputting a PTAT voltage or a CTAT voltage. Independently adjusting the voltages makes it possible to correct output reference voltage of the reference voltage generation circuit accurately at low cost.

The invention relates to an SOC estimation method for a series-wound battery pack having an equalization circuit. According to the estimation method, adaptive extended Kalman filtering SOC estimation is carried out on the single batteries with the lowest voltage or the highest voltage in the charge-discharge stage so as to obtain the SOC of the series-wound battery pack. For eliminating influence on the measurement signal from noise, and for analyzing the unstable and sharply-changed voltage and current signals, wavelet transform is performed before the implementation of the adaptive extended Kalman filtering so as to realize denoising and analyzing of the signal; and the condition that the curves of the battery parameters and the open circuit voltage-state of charge (OCV-SOC) are changed along with the changes of temperatures and the changes of the SOC is taken into consideration. By adoption of the estimation method, online updating of the parameters can be performed, so that the SOC estimation precision can be improved; the SOC of the battery pack can be accurately estimated under the premise of ensuring the safety operation of the series-wound battery pack; therefore, the estimation method is applicable to active equalization and passive equalization; and meanwhile, by adoption of the estimation method, the influence from noise can be effectively eliminated, and the voltage and current signals can be effectively analyzed.

The battery system has a battery 1 having a plurality of series-connected battery cells 2, a voltage detection circuit 3 that detects each battery cell voltage, discharge circuits 4 to discharge each battery cell, and a decision circuit 5 that judges the condition of the connection between a battery cell 2 and the voltage detection circuit 3 from the detected battery cell voltage measured by the voltage detection circuit. The voltage detection circuit 3 measures discharge voltage of a battery cell 2 with the discharge circuit 4 in the discharging state, and measures non-discharge voltage with the battery cell 2 in a non-discharging state. The decision circuit 5 compares the difference between the detected battery cell non-discharge voltage and discharge voltage with the normal voltage, or compares battery cell discharge voltage with the normal voltage to judge abnormal connection between the battery cell and the voltage detection circuit.

Apparatus for rapidly heating fluid includes a fluid circuit having electrodes between which the fluids flows. A voltage is applied between a pair of electrodes whereby current is caused to flow through the fluid. The inlet and outlet fluid temperatures are measured and the current controlled by varying the applied voltage to produce a desired temperature rise in the fluid in accordance with measured fluid flow rate.

A direct current (DC)-DC converter, which includes a parallel amplifier and a switching supply, is disclosed. The switching supply includes switching circuitry, a first inductive element, and a second inductive element. The parallel amplifier has a feedback input and a parallel amplifier output. The switching circuitry has a switching circuitry output. The first inductive element is coupled between the switching circuitry output and the feedback input. The second inductive element is coupled between the feedback input and the parallel amplifier output.

A voltage for reference at a voltage level higher than a target value is produced from a constant current provided from a constant current generating circuit, and is subjected to resistance division by a resistance division circuit to produce a reference voltage at the target level, and then a final reference voltage is produced by a voltage follower. An internal voltage generating circuit thus provided can generate the reference voltage having the desired voltage level with high accuracy as well as an internal voltage based on the reference voltage by controlling temperature characteristic even with a low power supply voltage.

A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device includes a readout circuit which reads data stored in a selected memory cell by applying predetermined voltage to the selected memory cell and a reference cell such that currents corresponding to the respective threshold voltage may flow, and comparing the current flowing in the selected memory cell with the current flowing in the reference cell. The readout circuit commonly uses the reference cell set in the same storage state for normal readout and for readout for program verification, and when the predetermined voltage is applied to the selected memory cell and the reference memory cell at the time of the readout for the program verification, it sets an applying condition to the reference memory cell such that its storage state may be shifted more in the program state direction than that in an applying condition at the time of the normal readout.

A reference voltage generation circuit has transistors generating a PTAT current that increases in proportion to temperature, a transistor generating a CTAT current that decreases in proportion to temperature, a first variable resistor adjusting an output voltage, a transistor supplying the PTAT current to the first variable resistor via a first switch, a transistor supplying the CTAT current to the first variable resistor via a second switch, and a second variable resistor adjusting the CTAT current. The first switch is on in first and third operation modes and off in a second operation mode. The second switch is on in the first and second operation modes and off in the third operation mode. Switching the operation modes realizes independently outputting a PTAT voltage or a CTAT voltage. Independently adjusting the voltages makes it possible to correct output reference voltage of the reference voltage generation circuit accurately at low cost.

A method for accurately delivering a voltage to a circuit node of an integrated circuit having analog buses and transmission gates selectively connecting the circuit node to the buses, comprises sensing the voltage on the circuit node via a first of the buses under control of a first periodic signal; applying a first stimulus voltage to the circuit node via a second bus under control of a second periodic signal; and applying a second stimulus voltage to the circuit node under control of a third periodic signal which is inverted with respect to the second periodic signal so that the circuit node is driven alternately to the first stimulus voltage and to the second stimulus voltage.

Techniques for estimating a body voltage of one or more transistors which form digital partially depleted silicon-on-insulator circuit, and for using estimated voltages to analyze electrical properties of the circuit, are disclosed. In one technique, device models are obtained and abstracted to generate simplified electrical descriptions of the transistors. The circuit topology is checked to generate sets of accessible states for the transistors that are indicative of whether a connection between a source or a drain of a transistor and either a power supply or ground exists. Next, sets of reference state body voltage minima and reference state body voltage maxima are determined for each of the transistors based on corresponding simplified electrical descriptions and corresponding sets of accessible states. Finally, a target state body voltage minima and a target state body voltage maxima are ascertained, one for each transistor, based on the determined sets of reference state body voltage minima and reference state body voltage maxima.

Switching of parallel capacitors in an HID bi-level lighting control system is accomplished through use of transient voltage suppression across an electronic relay for discharge of residual charge from a switched capacitor when combined peak voltage exceeds clamping voltage, thereby allowing maximum switch voltage rating to be lower than is possible through the use of conventional switching methods and circuitry. The invention contemplates method and apparatus permitting capacitive switching at voltage levels higher than are possible in conventional capacitive switching arrangements including capacitive switching arrangements used in lighting control systems.

A method and circuit for setting a reference voltage in a dual floating gate circuit is disclosed. During a set mode, a first and second floating gate are programmed to different charge levels that are a function of an input set voltage capacitively coupled to the first floating gate during the set mode. During a read mode, this difference in charge level is used by the dual floating gate circuit to generate a reference voltage that is a function of the input set voltage, and is preferably equal to the input set voltage.

A gamma correction device and method thereof is described herein, in which gray-scale voltages may be generated that correspond with a plurality of gamma values. The gray-scale voltages may be generated by adjusting output ranges of the gray-scale voltages while fixing a gamma correction voltage on a constant level. The gamma correction device may include a gamma correction voltage generator generating a plurality of gamma correction voltages corresponding to a reference gamma value; a gray-scale voltage generation circuit dividing the gamma correction voltages to generate a plurality of sub gray-scale voltage sets each of which includes a sub gray-scale voltage corresponding to each gamma value; and a gray-scale voltage selection circuit outputting one of the sub gray-scale voltages of each sub gray-scale voltage set as a gray-scale voltage.

Provided is an exhaust emission control device which can properly burn off soot and soluble organic fraction attached to and accumulated on electrodes of a plasma generator. The exhaust emission control device with a post-processing device (catalyst regenerative particulate filter 10) for allowing exhaust gas to pass therethrough for gas purification incorporated in an exhaust pipe 9 of an internal combustion engine (diesel engine 1) comprises a plasma generator 11 arranged upstream of the post-processing device for discharging electricity in the exhaust gas 8 to generate plasma, flow-through type oxidation catalyst 12 arranged upstream of the plasma generator 11, fuel adding means (controller 17) arranged upstream of the oxidation catalyst 12 for adding fuel into the exhaust gas 8, temperature increasing means (suction throttling valve 22 or controller 17) for increasing the exhaust temperature to a level enough for oxidation reaction on the oxidation catalyst 12 of the fuel added by said fuel adding means.

A secondary-battery monitoring device capable of realizing highly reliable overcurrent detection and a battery pack having it are provided. When an overcurrent flowing to a secondary battery is to be detected by utilizing a current detection voltage generated via on-resistance of a discharge-control switch and a charge-control switch, a voltage correction circuit that generates a correction voltage having a characteristic varied by positive slope or negative slope along with increase in a power supply voltage is provided, and the correction voltage is added to the detection voltage or a reference power supply voltage with the polarity that cancels out the slope of voltage variation caused in the detection voltage, and then the voltage is input to a comparator circuit. In this manner, variation in the overcurrent determination current is reduced.

Provided is a band-gap reference voltage generator for low-voltage operation and high precision. The band-gap reference voltage generator minimizes voltage drop by connecting resistors in parallel to bipolar transistors, and cancels temperature dependence by properly adjusting a resistor of an output stage, so that it can provide a stable reference voltage that is unaffected by a change in temperature in spite of a low power supply voltage. Further, the band-gap reference voltage generator minimizes variation of the reference voltage caused by offset noise by switching of input and output voltages at input and output stages of a feedback amplifier, so that it can provide a precise reference voltage.

The present invention relates to a PFC switching power supply which can perforin polarity determination and voltage detection of AC voltage without using a DC isolator such as a transformer.Included are: a power factor correction section which rectifies AC voltage inputted, outputs DC voltage to a load and corrects a power factor; an input voltage detecting section which outputs L pole detected voltage and N pole detected voltage; and a switching controller which controls the operation of the power factor correction section. An AC waveform generating section of the switching controller generates an AC waveform. The switching controller generates a drive pulse having a frequency and a duty ratio varying depending on AC waveform, whereby a predetermined level of the DC output of the power factor correction section is maintained and in addition, the power factor is corrected.

An impedance conversion circuit IPC1 including: an operational amplifier OP1 connected as a voltage follower and supplied with, as an input voltage Vin, a voltage selected from 2j levels of voltages (j is a positive integer) based on data of high j bits of the gray scale data; and an output voltage setting circuit OVS1 for precharging or discharging an output of the operational amplifier OP1 based on data of a most significant bit of low k bits (k is an integer more than 1) of the gray scale data. The operational amplifier OP1 outputs, as an output voltage, a voltage having a difference from the input voltage by a dead zone width after the output voltage setting circuit OVS1 precharges or discharges the output of the operational amplifier OP1. The dead zone width is determined by an operating current of the operational amplifier OP1. The operating current is varied based on data of low k bits of the gray scale data.

Systems, methods and apparatuses which may be capable of achieving better voltage distribution within a voltage domain are disclosed. Embodiments of the present invention may provide a power distribution network capable of achieving a flatter voltage distribution throughout a voltage domain to which the power distribution network is coupled. More specifically, a power distribution network may comprise multiple power supplies and voltage sensors, each power supply operable to provide power to the voltage domain. A power supply may supply voltage to the voltage domain while one or more additional power supplies may supply power to the voltage domain in the vicinity of a voltage sensor based on the voltage sensed at the voltage sensor. In this way, voltage fluctuation across a voltage domain may be reduced without significantly increasing the power consumption of the semiconductor device.

It is possible to accurately estimate a starting current and calculate a precise starting minimum voltage without being influenced by a change in a storage battery state or a starting state by updating a current / voltage correlation characteristic corresponding to a deterioration state of a storage battery each time a current / voltage data set obtained when a starter is driven is newly stored in association with the deterioration state of the storage battery and by calculating the starting current corresponding to a present voltage immediately before start in accordance with the current / voltage correlation characteristic corresponding to the present deterioration state of the storage battery when determination is made as to whether or not to drive the starter.

A program circuit and method for a flash memory is provided. This invention utilizes a constant current to program the flash memory and modulate the threshold voltage of the flash memory. While a program circuit programming the flash memory, the present invention determines whether the threshold voltage reaches the anticipated value according to the variation of the drain voltage of the flash memory. Hence, the present invention can accurately modulate the threshold voltage of the programmed flash memory and shorten the programming time.

The present invention is directed to a method and a system for clamping a wafer to a J-R electrostatic chuck using a single-phase square wave AC clamping voltage. The method comprises determining a single-phase square wave clamping voltage for the J-R electrostatic chuck, wherein the determination is based, at least in part, on a minimum residual clamping force associated with the wafer and the electrostatic chuck and a surface topography of a leaky dielectric layer associated therewith. The wafer is placed on the electrostatic chuck; and the determined clamping voltage is applied to the electrostatic chuck, therein electrostatically clamping the wafer to the electrostatic chuck, wherein at least the minimum residual clamping force is maintained during a polarity switch of the single-phase square wave clamping voltage. The determination of the surface topography comprises a first gap and a second gap between the wafer and the electrostatic chuck and an island area ratio, wherein a difference in RC time constants associated with the respective first gap and second gap is provided such that at least the minimum residual clamping force is maintained during the polarity switch. Upon removal of the square wave clamping voltage, the de-clamping time is substantially reduced, and corresponds to the pulse width of the square wave clamping voltage.

There is provided a method for driving a pixel circuit including a light-emitting element that emits light whose amount corresponds to a driving current, a driver transistor that supplies the driving current to the light-emitting element, a first transistor provided between a gate of the driver transistor and a drain of the driver transistor, a second transistor provided between the drain of the driver transistor and a node used to supply an initialization potential, and a capacitive element one terminal of which is connected to the gate of the driver transistor. In an initialization period in which the first transistor is turned on, the method for driving a pixel circuit includes supplying a fixed potential to the other terminal of the capacitive element and supplying a predetermined potential allowing the second transistor to be operated in a saturation region thereof to a gate of the second transistor. In a writing period after the initialization period is finished, the method for driving a pixel circuit includes supplying a potential corresponding to a gradation to be displayed to the other terminal of the capacitive element.

A servo loop for a charge pump including comparator. A variable resistor and comparator are in series and couple the output of the charge pump to an enable input. A current source / sink coupled to the variable resistor provide a first input voltage to the comparator, with the second input of the comparator being coupled to ground or Vdd. A shunt circuit in parallel with the load at the output of the charge pump is also coupled to the output of the comparator. The charge pump and shunt are alternately enabled and disabled by the comparator to maintain a body-bias supply voltage. The servo loop may be configured to provide body-bias for NFETs or PFETs.