A method for distinguishing water bursting source of a coal mine comprises the specific steps as follows: 1, determining the hydrogeological characteristics of a target area; 2, conducting water sample collection and detection on the target area; 3, preliminarily analyzing the information of water samples in the target area; 4, determining the finger-print sensitive area in the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) in different water bearing layers in the target area; 5, establishing a hydrochemical characteristic information table of each water layer in the target area. The method provided by the invention is fast in distinguishing, and can establish the hydrochemical characteristics of different water bearing layers by utilizing the total content and the fluorescence characteristics of DOM in groundwater, so as to provide a technical method for distinguishing a water bursting source, provide hydrochemical characteristic data that can easily distinguish water bearing layers for water prevention and control, determine an accurate water bursting source for water shutoff in the process that water bursting happens in the coal mine, and buy precious time for emergency rescue and disaster relief.