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Spatial organization can be observed when components of an abiotic or biological group are arranged non-randomly in space. Abiotic patterns, such as the ripple formations in sand dunes or the oscillating wave patterns of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction emerge after thousands of particles interact millions of times. On the other hand, individuals in biological groups may be arranged non-randomly due to selfish behavior, dominance interactions, or cooperative behavior. W. D. Hamilton (1971) proposed that in a non-related "herd" of animals, spatial organization is likely a result of the selfish interests of individuals trying to acquire food or avoid predation. On the other hand, spatial arrangements have also been observed among highly related members of eusocial groups, suggesting that the arrangement of individuals may provide some advantage for the group.
A three-dimensional grating type slope protection structure with active creation of benthic animal habitat
ActiveCN121952061BShip wavesSpatial organization
This invention relates to the field of waterway engineering technology, specifically to a three-dimensional grid-type revetment structure that actively creates habitats for benthic animals. While meeting the requirements of engineering revetment, it utilizes the energy dissipation of the outer grid surface of the first type of component, and the combination of the internal sheltered cavity, sidewall openings, guide plates, and openings in the second type of component. This allows the reciprocating exchange water flow caused by ship waves to be guided, buffered, and distributed after entering the internal sheltered cavity. This weakens the direct disturbance of the internal sheltered cavity by local accelerated flow, vortices, and turbulence near the openings and grids, providing a relatively stable space for benthic animals to enter, inhabit, and hide. The spatial organization through the openings in the four sides of the block connecting to the internal sheltered cavity provides channels for benthic animals and small aquatic organisms to enter, leave, and utilize the space, while reducing the local flow velocity peaks and turbulence intensity near the openings, thus improving the accessibility and usability of underwater microhabitats.
Owner:PINGLU CANAL GRP CO LTD +1