The invention discloses an extrusion type sludge rapid dehydration device, which comprises a right support column, a support top plate, a left support column, a filter box, a press filter box, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a lead screw, and a water filtering bottom plate , Sewage collection box, lower pressure plate and sludge collection box, the two ends of the support top plate are fixed and welded on the top of the right support column and the top of the left support column respectively, the filter press box is fixed and welded on the end of the bracket, and the filter box is fixed It is erected on the upper outer wall of the left support column, and the filter screen is fixed in the middle cavity of the filter box. The middle cavity of the filter box is connected with the middle cavity of the filter press box through the sludge conveying pipeline. An upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate are arranged to slide up and down in the inner cavity, and the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are connected by several extension springs. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and convenient operation, can rapidly dehydrate the sludge, has good dehydration effect, high speed and high popularization value.