446results about How to "Reduce power density" patented technology

The invention relates to an irradiation device and method for the treatment of totally or partially cell-mediated inflammations of the skin, the connective tissue and the viscera, viral and other infectious diseases such as HIV and prionic infections, fungal infections of the skin and the mucous membranes, bacterial diseases of the skin and the mucous membranes as well hand eczema and anal eczema which comprises at least one irradiation device to irradiate a surface treatment area where the wavelength of the emitted radiation to a treatment area is longer than 400 nm and comprises at least one spectral band between 400-500 nm while the radiation device contains means for the generation of optical pulses towards a treatment area with a power density of the optical pulse peaks larger than 0.5 W / cm2 and smaller than 100 kW / cm2. The energy of one pulse relates to 0.05-10 J / cm2.

Methods and instrumentation for performing charge coupled device (CCD)-based confocal spectroscopy with a laser spot array are provided. The methods and instruments of the invention are useful in any spectroscopic application, including, but not limited to, microscopy and microvolume laser scanning cytometry (MLSC).

A method of coupling a high-power optical signal between an optical fiber and a mating optical component, the optical signal ranging in wavelength from x to y, and having a first diameter while propagating in a mode field within the fiber, the method comprising: (a) converting the high-power optical signal between the first diameter in the fiber and a second diameter significantly greater than the first diameter using a GRIN lens fused to an end of the fiber, the GRIN lens having a diameter substantially the same as that of the optical fiber and a length l complying with the following equation:¼x+½nx≦l≦¼y+½ny,wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3 . . . 100;(b) establishing physical contact between the GRIN lens and a coupling surface of the mating optical component; and (c) while the high-power optical signal is at the second diameter, optically coupling it between the lens and the mating optical component.

A powertrain includes an Atkinson cycle engine having at least one cylinder, a crankshaft, and an air intake system that provides selective fluid communication between the at least one cylinder and the atmosphere. A motor is in hybrid combination with the engine, and a compressor is configured to selectively pressurize air in the air intake system. The powertrain provides the fuel efficiency of an Atkinson cycle engine while compensating for the reduced torque output of an Atkinson cycle engine.

A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) gated diode and non-gated junction diode are provided. The SOI gated diode has a PN junction at the middle region under the gate, and which has more junction area than a normal diode. The SOI non-gated junction diode has a PN junction at the middle region thereof, and then also has more junction area than a normal diode. The SOI diodes of the present invention improve the protection level offered for electrical overstress (EOS) / electrostatic discharge (ESD) due to the low power density and heating for providing more junction area than normal ones. The I / O ESD protection circuits, which comprise primary diodes, a first plurality of diodes, and a second plurality of diodes, all of which are formed of the present SOI diodes, could effectively discharge the current when there is an ESD event. And, the ESD protection circuits, which comprise more primary diodes, could effectively reduce the parasitic input capacitance, so that they can be used in the RF circuits or HF circuits. The proposed gated diode and non-gated diode can be fully process-compatiable to general partially depleted or fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS processes.