593 results about "Gain coefficient" patented technology

A delta-sigma modulator comprising a first quantizer providing a first digital signal d0(k) representing the input signal g(t); a loop filter with input signal paths; a loop quantizer providing a corrective digital signal d1(k) representing the loop filter's output signal y(t); an array of feedback DACs D / A converting the sum d(k)=df(k)=d0(k)+d1(k) of the first and the corrective digital signals and injecting feedback signals into the loop filter.The loop filter's input node is applied the difference of the input signal g(t) and the global analog feedback signal a3(t). The global feedback signal a3(t) is delayed several clock cycles with respect to the digital output signal d(k). The delay is used to carry out mismatch-shaping and deglitching algorithms in the feedback DACs. The feedback DACs' different delays and gain coefficients are designed such that the modulator is stable. The filter's input signal paths and the compensating DAC are designed such that the gain from the input signal g(t) to the loop quantizer is small, ideally zero. Thus, the loop quantizer's resolving range can be a fraction of the first quantizer's resolving range, whereby the output signal's d(k) resolution can be much higher than the individual resolutions of d0(k) and d1(k).The delta-sigma modulator is well suited for the implementation of high-resolution wide-bandwidth A / D converters. Important applications include digital communication systems.

The invention provides low-emissivity stacks comprising at least one absorbing layer, said stacks being characterized by a low solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), enhanced aesthetics, mechanical and chemical durability, and a tolerance for tempering or heat strengthening. The invention moreover provides low-emissivity coatings comprising, in order outward from the substrate a first dielectric layer, a first Ag layer; a first barrier layer; a first absorbing layer; a second dielectric layer; a second Ag layer; a second absorbing layer; a third dielectric layer; and optionally, a topcoat layer, and methods for depositing such coatings on substrates.

The invention provides low-emissivity stacks being characterized by a low solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), enhanced aesthetics, mechanical and chemical durability, and a tolerance for tempering or heat strengthening. The invention moreover provides low-emissivity coatings comprising, in order outward from the substrate a first dielectric layer; a first nucleation layer; a first Ag layer; a first barrier layer; a second dielectric layer; a second nucleation layer; a second Ag layer; a second barrier layer; a third dielectric layer; and optionally, a topcoat layer, and methods for depositing such coatings on substrates.

This invention provides a method and a system for coding / decoding frequency domain parameter stereos and multiple tracks, which converts signals of right and left tracks to a residual signal of a sum-difference tack and a residual signal of an estimated difference track, carries out time frequency conversion to residual signals of the estimated difference track, the original difference track and the original sum track to pick up the HF component and low frequency component of the residual signal of the original difference track, which is coded in quantization to utilize the HF component to get estimated residual RF component of the right and left tracks and gets the original residual RF component of the right and left tracks to be controlled in gain to get a gain coefficient of the difference of the two tracks and coded in quantization and finally multiplexes the coded data and edge information to get a frequency domain parameter stereo bit stream.

A system and method for processing data representative of a color image is disclosed. Image data represents an intensity of photoexposure of an imaging array at specific locations in the imaging array and in distinct spectral regions corresponding to color channels. A process identifies “white” regions in the color image by comparing the intensities of photoexposure of groups of associated pixels which are responsive to photon energy in different spectral regions. If the intensities of photoexposure of the pixels in the group of associated pixels are proportionally equivalent, these pixels are determined to be in a white region of the image. White balancing gain coefficients are then based upon the pixel intensity values at pixel locations in the white regions of the image.

A system and method for controlling a device such that device operates in a smooth manner. The system may switch between control architectures or vary gain coefficients used in a control loop to control the device. As the architecture or gains are switched, the control signal may be smoothed so that the device does not experience an abrupt change in the control signal it receives. In one embodiment, the control signal may be smoothed by adding a decaying offset value to the control signal to create a smoothed control signal that is applied to the device.

Real-time monitoring of an energy characteristic of a building such as an energy performance of the building or a carbon offset of the building is performed by first computing a heat transfer coefficient of the building from nighttime steady-state thermal load data of the building and from nighttime steady-state indoor and outdoor temperature data of the building. A thermal inertia of the building is then computed from nighttime transient indoor temperature data of the building and nighttime transient thermal load data of the building. During daytime, a solar radiation gain coefficient is computed from daytime thermal load data, daytime indoor and outdoor temperature data, incident solar radiation data, and the heat transfer coefficient. The energy characteristic of the building is then estimated in real time from the heat transfer coefficient, the thermal inertia, and the solar radiation gain coefficient.

In a semiconductor device an electric field is controlled in direction or angle relative to a gate, or a channel to adjust a gain coefficient of a transistor. In some embodiments, there are provided a first gate forming a channel region in a rectangle or a parallelogram, and a second gate forming a channel region substantially containing a triangle between the channel region formed by the first gate and each of a source region and a drain region. In some embodiments, there is included a channel region formed by the first gate that is sandwiched by the channel region formed by the second gate, all the channel regions together substantially forming a rectangle or a parallelogram. As such, a semiconductor device allowing a gain coefficient β of an MOS transistor to be modulated by voltage in an analog manner can readily be produced by conventional processing technology and incorporated into any conventional LSIs configured by a CMOS circuit.

The invention provides low-emissivity coatings that are highly reflective of infrared radiation. The coating includes three infrared-reflection film regions, which may each comprise silver.

The invention provides low-emissivity stacks being characterized by a low solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), enhanced aesthetics, mechanical and chemical durability, and a tolerance for tempering or heat strengthening. The invention moreover provides low-emissivity coatings comprising, in order outward from the substrate a first dielectric layer; a first nucleation layer; a first Ag layer; a first barrier layer; a second dielectric layer; a second nucleation layer; a second Ag layer; a second barrier layer; a third dielectric layer; and optionally, a topcoat layer, and methods for depositing such coatings on substrates.

The present invention is directed to a low emissivity, low shading coefficient, multi-layer coating and coated article having a luminous transmission of less than about 70 percent, a shading coefficient less than about 0.44 and a solar heat gain coefficient of less than about 0.38 and a ratio of luminous transmittance to solar heat gain coefficient of greater than about 1.85. The coated article, e.g. an IG unit, has a substrate with at least one antireflective layer deposited over the substrate. At least one infrared reflective layer is deposited over the antireflective layer and at least one primer layer is deposited over the infrared reflective layer. Optionally a second antireflective layer is deposited over the first primer layer and optionally a second infrared reflective layer is deposited over the second antireflective layer. Optionally a second primer layer is deposited over the second infrared reflective layer and optionally a third antireflective layer is deposited over the second primer layer, such that the coated article can have the aforementioned optical properties. Also an optional protective overcoat, e.g. an oxide or oxynitride of titanium or silicon, and / or solvent soluble organic film former may be deposited over the uppermost antireflective layer.

In certain example embodiments, low-E coated articles may be designed so as to realize a combination of good visible transmission (Tvis) and an excellent solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), thereby realizing an improved (i.e., higher) Tvis / SHGC ratio. In certain example embodiments of this invention, if heat treated (HT), the low-E coated articles may have approximately the same color characteristics as viewed by the naked eye both before and after heat treatment (i.e., a low ΔE* value) in certain example instances. Such coated articles may be used in insulating glass (IG) units, windows, and / or other suitable applications.

The invention relates to an infra-red reflecting layered structure comprising a transparent substrate layer; a first metal oxide layer; a first silver containing layer, a second metal oxide layer; a second silver containing layer and a third metal oxide layer. The first, second and third metal oxide layer have a refractive index of at least 2.40 at a wavelength of 500 nm. The layered structure according to the present invention laminated on glass has a visual light transmittance (VLT) higher than 70% and a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) lower than 0.44. The invention further relates to the use of a layered structure as a transparent heat-mirror.

The invention provides a liquid crystal display brightness control method and device and liquid crystal display equipment, and belongs to the technical field of liquid crystal display. An image gray-scale value in a partition image data block is confirmed based on the preset rules according to the received image signals, and a partition backlight value corresponding to the partition image data is pre-extracted according to the image gray-scale value; the preset backlight value gain coefficient and the pre-extracted partition backlight value are multiplied so that the partition backlight value of the backlight partition after gain is obtained, wherein the preset backlight value gain coefficient is greater than 1; and each partition backlight value after gain is mapped to the driving circuit of a backlight source in the corresponding backlight partition so as to control backlight source brightness of the corresponding backlight partition through driving. The contrast image quality effect of a liquid crystal display frame can be improved.

The invention provides an MIMO-OFDM system channel estimation method based on compressed sensing. The MIMO-OFDM system channel estimation method based on compressed sensing is mainly applied to channel estimation when a receiving terminal is provided with a two-dimensional antenna array. According to the MIMO-OFDM system channel estimation method based on compressed sensing, the time delay, incidence angle and gain of each path of a space channel are estimated in sequence, and channel estimation accuracy can be improved effectively. The MIMO-OFDM system channel estimation method based on compressed sensing comprises the following steps that 1, an initially-estimated value of a channel frequency domain response vector of each pilot frequency sub-carrier is obtained according to the least square criterion; 2, by means of the sparsity of the channel frequency domain response vectors in a time delay domain, the time delay of each path of the channel and an estimated value of a channel time domain response vector of each path of the channel are estimated on the basis of the compressed sensing theory; 3, by means of the sparsity of the channel time domain response vectors in a two-dimensional angle domain, the incidence angle of each path of the channel is estimated on the basis of the compressed sensing theory; 4, the gain coefficient of each path of the channel is estimated according to the least square criterion; 5, estimated values of channel frequency domain responses of all the sub-carriers and antennas are obtained.

The application discloses a rack end protection method of an electric power steering system. When a rack of a steering gear moves towards the end of the rack and enters a rack end protection area, an ECU (electronic control unit) of the electric power steering system takes a rotating angle of a steering wheel, the speed of the rotating angle and rotating torque as input to calculate a rack end protection gain value which serves as a multiplier during assisting torque calculation. The rack end protection gain value is the product of a basic gain coefficient, a rotating speed gain coefficient and a rotating torque gain coefficient. The basic gain coefficient decreases progressively as the absolute value of the rotating angle of the steering wheel increases. The rotating speed gain coefficient decreases progressively as the absolute value of the rotating angle of the steering wheel increases. The rotating torque gain coefficient increases progressively as the absolute value of the rotating angle of the steering wheel increases. According to the rack end protection method of the electric power steering system, during working conditions of rack ends, current output can be limited, temperature rise can be reduced and mechanical impact of the rack ends can be avoided.

The invention discloses a data relay method of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system which belongs to the wireless relay technical field of a wireless mobile communication system. A relay node in the method receives signals sent by a source node, caches the data information after OFDM demodulation, estimates the channel response of the link from the source node to a relay node, and then obtains the channel response of the link from the relay node to a destination node; a relay station determines the subcarrier coupling matrix in each subcarrier group according to the channel response of the links from the source node to the relay node and from the relay node to the destination node, and simultaneously estimates gain coefficient and transmitted power; and then the relay station maps the symbol on each subcarrier in the link from the cached source node to the relay node onto corresponding subcarrier in the link from the coupled relay node to the destination node according to the coupling relation of the subcarrier, allocates the power, then carries out the OFDM modulation and finally sends the symbol to the destination node. The invention improves the performance of the entire system.

The invention provides a liquid crystal display brightness control method and device and a liquid crystal display device, and belongs to the technical field of liquid crystal display. The method is characterized by, determining gray-scale values of images in subregion image data blocks according to a preset rule and on the basis of the received image signals, and pre-extracting subregion backlight values corresponding to the subregion image data according to the gray-scale values of the images; multiplying a preset backlight value gain coefficient with the pre-extracted subregion backlight values to obtain subregion backlight values of backlight subregions obtained after gaining, wherein the preset backlight value gain coefficient is larger than 1; and mapping the subregion backlight values obtained after gaining to drive circuits of backlight sources of the corresponding backlight subregions respectively to drive and control the brightness of the backlight sources of the corresponding backlight subregions. Therefore, liquid crystal display frame contrast image quality effect is improved.

The invention provides a liquid crystal display brightness control method and device and a liquid crystal display device, and belongs to the technical field of liquid crystal display. The method comprises the following steps: determining image gray scale values of subregion image data blocks according to preset rules and according to received image signals, and pre-extracting subregion backlight values corresponding to subregion image data according to the image gray scale values; multiplying preset backlight valve gain coefficient with pre-extracted subregion backlight values to obtain subregion backlight values of the backlight subregions after gain, wherein the preset backlight valve gain coefficient is larger than 1; and mapping each subregion backlight value after gain to a drive circuit of a backlight source of the corresponding backlight subregion so as to drive and control the brightness of the backlight source of the corresponding backlight subregion. Therefore, contrast quality effect of liquid crystal display frame is improved.

The invention discloses a braking kick-down control method of a double clutch automatic transmission. The braking kick-down control method includes the steps that the pressure on a braking pedal, the opening degree of an accelerator pedal, the vehicle speed, the acceleration of the whole vehicle and the current gear position are acquired; the braking percentage is obtained according to the pressure on the braking pedal, and the gain coefficient is obtained by looking up a table of the braking percentage; according to the vehicle speed and the gain coefficient, the actual gear engaging vehicle speed is obtained; according to the actual gear engaging vehicle speed and the opening degree of the accelerator pedal, a first target gear position is obtained by looking up a table; whether the first target gear position is smaller than the current gear position or not is judged, and whether the opening degree of the accelerator pedal is equal to zero or not is judged; if yes, according to the braking percentage and the acceleration of the whole vehicle, it is determined that a common braking kick-down control mode is executed or a re-treading braking kick-down control mode is executed; if the common braking kick-down control mode is executed, common braking kick-down control is executed; if the re-treading braking kick-down control mode is executed, the re-treading braking kick-down control is executed. By the adoption of the method, it is guaranteed that the gear position can be fast decreased, and the driving comfort and the driving safety are improved.

Methods and apparatus for effecting a non-uniformity correction of images of a scene obtained with an array of detector elements are disclosed. A first image of the scene having a first integration period is acquired using the array of detector elements. A second image of the scene having a different integration period is acquired, and a corrected image of the scene is generated by computing a difference of the images. In some embodiments, the first and second images are images of substantially identical scenes. According to some embodiments, the images are infrared images. Optionally, the corrected image is subjected to further correction using pixel dependent correction coefficients, such as gain coefficients. Exemplary image detection elements include but are not limited to InSb detector elements and ternary detector elements, such as InAlSb, MCT (Mercury Cadmium Telluride), and QWIP technology (Quantum Well Infrared Photodiodes). In some embodiments, the detector elements are cooled to a temperature substantially equal to an atmospheric boiling point of liquid nitrogen. Alternatively, the detector elements are cooled to a temperature below an atmospheric boiling point of liquid nitrogen, or any other operating temperature.

Improved building-integrated photovoltaic systems according to certain example embodiments may include concentrated photovoltaic skylights or other windows having a cylindrical lens array. The skylight may include an insulated glass unit, which may improve the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC). The photovoltaic skylight and lens arrays may be used in combination with strip solar cells. Arrangements that involve lateral displacement tracking systems, or static systems (e.g., that are fixed at one, two, or more predefined positions) are contemplated herein. Such techniques may advantageously help to reduce cost per watt related, in part, to the potentially reduced amount of semiconductor material to be used for such example embodiments. A photovoltaic skylight may permit diffuse daylight to pass through into an interior of a building so as to provide lighting inside the building, while the strip solar cells absorb the direct sunlight and convert it to electricity, providing for SHGC tuning.

An insulating unit having a neutral grey color and a solar heat gain coefficient less than 0.40 includes a clear glass sheet spaced from a coated glass sheet. The coated glass sheet includes a colored glass substrate having a solar infrared reflective coating. The composition of the coated substrate includes a base glass portion and a glass colorant portion, the glass colorant portion including total iron in the range of 0.04 to less than 0.28 weight percent; CoO in the range of 32 to 90 parts per million, and Se in the range of greater than 0 to less than 5.5 parts per million. In one non-limiting embodiment of the invention the glass substrate at a thickness of 0.223 inches has a* chromaticity coordinates of −3.5 to +2.5 and b* chromaticity coordinates of −1 to −15, and a visible light transmittance of 40 to 80%.