35results about How to "Sufficient signal to noise ratio" patented technology

A system and method for imaging of a sample, e.g., biological sample, are provided. In particular, at least one source electro-magnetic radiation forwarded to the sample and a reference may be generated. A plurality of detectors may be used, at least one of the detectors capable of detecting a signal associated with a combination of at least one first electro-magnetic radiation received from the sample and at least one second electro-magnetic radiation received from the reference. At least one particular detector may have a particular electrical integration time, and can receive at least a portion of the signal for a time duration which has a first portion with a first power level greater than a predetermined threshold and a second portion immediately preceding or following the first portion. The second portion may have a second power level that is less than the predetermined threshold, and extends for a time period which may be, e.g., approximately more than 10% of the particular electrical integration time.

A transceiver for facilitating two-way wireless communication between a baseband application and other nodes in a wireless network, wherein the transceiver provides baseband communication networking and necessary configuration and control functions along with transmitter, receiver, and antenna functions to enable the wireless communication. More specifically, the transceiver provides a long-range wireless duplex communication node or channel between the baseband application, which is associated with a mobile or fixed space, air, water, or ground vehicle or other platform, and other nodes in the wireless network or grid. The transceiver broadly comprises a communication processor; a flexible telemetry transceiver including a receiver and a transmitter; a power conversion and regulation mechanism; a diplexer; and a phased array antenna system, wherein these various components and certain subcomponents thereof may be separately enclosed and distributable relative to the other components and subcomponents.

A multi-channel remote keyless entry (RKE) transponder having dynamically re-configurable input channel selection, channel disable, settable sensitivity for each channel, wake-up filter timing parameters, automatic gain control hold, internal tuning capacitor selection for each channel's antenna, minimum modulation depth requirement for input signal and bi-directional talk-back. Programmable minimum modulation depth requirement reduces false wake-up of the RKE transponder. An antenna for each channel of the RKE transponder may be tuned with internal tuning capacitors for improved range and receiver sensitivity. The internal tuning capacitor parameters may be stored in a configuration register. Gain of the channel may be fixed while the antenna is tuned. The antennas may be de-queued for talk-back to a base station for low frequency bi-directional communications. An external control device may dynamically read from and write to the configuration registers via a serial communications interface.

A method of determining when cable modems in a distributed digital data delivery service over cable TV hybrid fiber coaxial cable network have a headroom problem and resolving said problem. The method involves measuring the burst power from each cable modem, and if the burst power is too low, requesting the cable modem whose burst power is too low to increase its transmit power, and keeping track of which modems have been requested to increase their power. If a predetermined number of requests to increase power have not resulted in the cable modem transmitting with sufficient power for reliable reception, the cable modem is listed as having a headroom problem. Subsequent requests for upstream bandwidth from all modems with headroom problems are analyzed to determine if the requested burst size is too large and will result in a headroom problem. If so, a calculation as to the maximum number of spreading codes that each modem with a headroom problem can simultaneously transmit on without a headroom problem. The requested burst is then broken down into smaller burst fragments, and appropriate upstream minislot assignments adequate to transmit the burst fragments are made and sent to the cable modem.

It is one objective of the present invention to obtain reproducible representations of expressed mRNA molecules by exploiting a novel technique that relies on short, single stranded polynucleotide tags. In one preferred embodiment, only one polynucleotide tag is obtained from each mRNA molecule, and relatively simple counting statistics can thus be applied after identification and sampling of the different tags, or a subset of tags being present in the population of representative tags. The tags according to the present invention are preferably single stranded polynucleotide tags obtained by subjecting genetic material derived from a biological sample to at least one site-specific nicking endonuclease capable of i) recognizing a predetermined nucleotide motif comprising complementary nucleotide strands and ii) cleaving only one of said complementary strands in the process of generating the at least one single stranded polynucleotide tag. Accordingly, the present invention demonstrates that nicking endonucleases may advantageously be used for obtaining and isolating ssDNA tags. This novel approach in one embodiment eliminates the occurrence of any linker sequence in the ssDNA tag, and it eliminates the presence of a complementary strand in the isolated polynucleotide tag. The lack of linker sequence in the tag and the lack of any complementary strand serves to reduce the huge complexities associated with the analysis of expressed molecules in a biological sample.

A defect inspection apparatus is provided which allows a technology for inspecting a pattern on a wafer by using an electron beam to implement a high-resolution and higher-speed inspection. A semiconductor wafer is irradiated with an electron beam and electrons reflected in the vicinity of the wafer are detected. The presence or absence of a defect and the location thereof are measured by forming an image from only a component which changes with a periodicity larger than a size of a circuit pattern or the repetition periodicity thereof by using lenses and comparing an image signal with a preset value. Since only the component which changes with a periodicity larger than the size of the circuit pattern with a surface potential distortion and the repetition periodicity thereof is observed with a resolution lower than required to observe the pattern itself instead of detecting a defect through a comparison between extremely small pattern images, an inspection throughput can be increased exponentially compared with that of a conventional SEM inspection.

A digital radar receiver generates the input signal which is a stream of complex numbers. The input signal is rearranged and sorted by measurement volumes, resulting in Doppler data vectors. Doppler data vectors are filtered using a number of different digital filters. The output Doppler data vectors of the filters together with the original Doppler data vector are the candidate signals. Each candidate signal is analyzed using several criteria in order to find the one signal which is most likely to be caused by precipitation and has the ground clutter removed by the filtering. The selected signal is then used to calculate the meteorological products. The selected signal is also used to derive a velocity value or velocity distribution while taking into account the effects of the filtering performed earlier.

A biosensor includes a biosensor unit with an electrode, wherein the electrode is rod-shaped, wherein the electrode further comprises a support with an electrically conductive first layer and an exclusion layer, wherein the electrically conductive first layer is configured between the support and the exclusion layer. A sensing system can include such biosensor.

A trackpad for a dual user interface has capacitive sensing and inductive sensing capabilities, charge transfer measurement circuitry, a set of a plurality of sensing electrode structures, a set of a plurality of inductive receiving coils and at least one inductive transmit coil. The set of sensing electrode structures is used with the charge transfer measurement circuitry for capacitive sensing and the capacitive sensing is used to discern user input via finger proximity or touch. The set of inductive receiving coils is used with the charge transfer measurement circuitry for inductive sensing and the inductive sensing is used to discern user input via a stylus.

A method and device for diagnosing a crankcase ventilation of an internal combustion engine, which enable a diagnosis of a malfunction of an actuator of the crankcase ventilation. The internal combustion engine has at least two cylinder banks to which the crankcase ventilation is supplied, and an actuator is provided via whose position the distribution of the crankcase ventilation to the at least two cylinder banks is influenced. In a first position of the actuator, a different distribution of the crankcase ventilation to the at least two cylinder banks comes about than in a second position of the actuator that differs therefrom. Given simultaneously activated operation of the at least two cylinder banks, the actuator is switched over at least one between the two different positions. For at least one of the at least two cylinder banks, a characteristic variable of the internal combustion engine influenced by the crankcase ventilation is determined prior to and following the switchover operation. A minimum value for a change in the characteristic variable of at least one of the at least two cylinder banks and/or the ratio of the characteristic variable between the at least two cylinder banks is specified for the switchover-related change in the distribution of the crankcase ventilation to the at least two cylinder banks. A malfunction of the actuator is detected if at least one change derived from the ascertained values for the characteristic variable undershoots its assigned expected minimum value in quantitative terms.

Described herein are a spectrometer system and a spectrometer device, which are suited for investigation or monitoring purposes, in particular, in the infrared (IR) spectral region, and for a detection of heat, flames, fire, or smoke.

The spectrometer device allows capturing incident light from an object and transferring the incident light to a length variable filter with a particularly high concentration efficiency. Apart from the spectrometer device, the spectrometer system further includes an evaluation unit designated for determining information related to a spectrum of an object by evaluating the detector signals provided by the spectrometer device.

In a method for optimization of a flow coding with switching of an additional bipolar dephasing gradient pair, used in a magnetic resonance (MR) phase contrast angiography, the strength of the flow coding is selected depending on the flow velocity in the vessels that should be depicted. MR signals of an examination region are acquired with continuously running overview measurements, with an operator-selected flow coding strength. After the selected flow coding strength is adopted automatically for the next measurement of the continuously running overview measurements, and two partial measurements with different flow codings are implemented for each selected strength and a phase difference image from the two partial measurements is calculated and depicted in real time, and the selected flow coding strength is automatically adopted for the MR phase contrast angiography.

Disclosed herein are a detector array, a spectrometer system including the detector array and a method of using of the spectrometer system. The detector array includes a substrate; and a plurality of detector pixels applied to a surface of the substrate, where each detector pixel has a sensor region which is designated for receiving a partition of incident light, where each detector pixel is designated for generating a sensor signal depending on an intensity of the partition of the incident light received by the sensor region of the detector pixel, where at least two adjacent detector pixels share a single connection to a common electric potential, and where the sensor regions of at least two of the detector pixels differ with respect to each other by an area of the corresponding sensor region.