The invention provides a deep learning-based traffic sign automatic identifying and marking method, which is used in the technical field of environmental perception of intelligent vehicles. A semantic segmentation structure is adopted for locating and detecting traffic signs, and candidate regions with the traffic signs are obtained, wherein the semantic segmentation structure comprises two parts: an encoding network; and a decoding network and a pixel-based classification layer. Then, the traffic signs in the candidate regions are subjected to classified identification and locating through a convolutional neural network of a quick region. Based on the traffic sign automatic identifying and marking method, the invention furthermore correspondingly provides an effective map navigation information updating method. According to the method, the candidate regions with the traffic signs are located by using the semantic segmentation method, so that a new idea is provided, a training parameter quantity is reduced, the storage space is saved, and the computing time is shortened; and the method is high in identifying accuracy, and can perform relatively accurate traffic sign information updating on map navigation information, thereby better serving drivers conveniently.