The invention discloses a genetic engineering biological indicator used for biological monitoring of one or more sterilization effects. According to the genetic engineering biological indicator, foreign genes, including promoters, reporter genes and selectable maker genes, are guided into indicator microorganisms by means of genetic engineering. The selectable maker genes are positioned on the upstream of the inducible promoters, and the reporter genes are positioned on the downstream of the inducible promoters. In the absence of inducers, the selectable maker genes are expressed, the reporter genes are not expressed, and accordingly, successfully-transfected strains are screened. After exposure by sterilization factors, the indicator microorganisms contact with the inducers, and the reporter genes are expressed. Autofluorescence of the genetic engineering biological indicator can be achieved without specific enzyme substrates, and the genetic engineering biological indicator has the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio, strong fluorescence signal, easiness in detection, high sensitivity and the like.