242 results about "Photon counter" patented technology

Methods and apparatus for evaluating the quality of an environment or process by measuring light emitted from a bioluminescent sample containing ATP, ADP, or alkaline phosphatase. The apparatus comprises a sample collection and analysis system used to collect a sample, mix reagents, react the sample, and collect it in a measurement chamber. The system includes an instrument having a photon detection assembly for use with the sample testing device and one or more probe assemblies that optically cooperate with the instrument. The instrument includes a dark chamber with a reflective interior surface which may be concave or preferably spherical, and a photon detection sensor such as a multi-pixel photon counter sensor. A substantially transparent portion of the probe assembly, and liquid contained therein, focus bioluminescence toward the photon detection sensor.

An energy dispersive x-ray and gamma-ray photon counter is described. The counter uses a photon sensor which incorporates a unique photocathode called Advanced Semiconductor Emitter Technology for X-rays (ASET-X) as its critical element for converting the detected photons to electrons which are emitted into a vacuum. The electrons are multiplied by accelerations and collisions creating a signal larger than the sensor noise and thus allowing the photon to be energy resolved very accurately, to within ionization statistics. Because the signal is already above the sensor noise it does not have to be noise filtered therefore allowing high-speed counting. The photon sensor can also be used as a device to visualize and image gamma-ray and x-ray sources.

The invention provides a time-resolved single-photon counting two-dimensional imaging system and a time-resolved single-photon counting two-dimensional imaging method and belongs to the technical field of extremely-weak light detection. A trigger 2 is triggered to start sampling, centralized sampling is performed at t time intervals, and measurement and counting are performed if light comes at the intervals, so that time resolving of an extremely-weak light object is realized, and a time sequence image is generated. Imaging is performed on the basis of a compressive sensing (CS) theory, a digital micro-mirror device (DMD5) performs linear random projection on a compressible two-dimensional image, the compressible two-dimensional image is optically modulated and then synchronously detected by using a single-photon counter, and a high-resolution extremely-weak light image can be reconstructed by a small amount of sampling operation. The measurement process is linear and non-adaptive, the reconstruction process is non-linear, and the invention has the advantages of high generality, robustness, expandability, superposition and computation asymmetry, and can be widely applied to the fields of life science, medical imaging, data acquisition, communication, astronomy, military affairs, hyper-spectral imaging and quantum measurement.

A mobile PET scanner for use in bed side or a surgical environment comprises a mobile support base, with first and a second arm arms extending therefrom. The first arm is configured for placement under a table supporting an individual while the second arm is substantially parallel to and above said first arm with the individual being located between the first and second arms. Multiple module blocks are positioned along the length of the first and second arm. Each modules block comprises scintillators with solid state silicone multipliers or multi-pixel photon counters attached thereto. Positrons emitted from radiation labeled tissue within the individual's body impinge on the multiple scintillators to generate. The photons from each of the scintillator are received by each of a solid state silicone multipliers or multi-pixel photon counters associated therewith and an electrical signal representative of the received photons is then generated. The electrical signal output from each of the solid state silicone multipliers or multi-pixel photon counters is then transmitted to a computerized data collection and analysis system, which substantially instantaneously generates a visual image on a screen showing the location within the individuals body emitted the photons. This image can be coordinated with a photo image or a CT image showing the same portion of the individual's body.

The invention discloses a method for measuring partially coherent vortex light beam topological charge number. A measured light beam passes through an imaging convex lens and then passes through a beam splitter to be divided into a transmission light beam and a reflection light beam, optical fiber scanning probes of two single-photon counters are respectively arranged at the centers of the transmission light beam and the reflection light beam, the position of a single-photon counter optical fiber probe is fixed, the position of the other single-photon counter optical fiber probe is regulated to perform point-by-point scanning measurement, correlation function values of the two beams on measuring position points are recorded, a spatial distribution image of a fourth-order correlation function is output through computer processing according to fourth-order correlation function relationship of partially coherent laguerre-gaussian beams, and the topological charge number of the beam to be measured is obtained through the number of dark rings on the image. The method is based on the fourth-order correlation function, a novel method for measuring the partially coherent vortex light beam topological charge number is provided, an adopted measuring device is simple in light path and easy to achieve, measuring method is simple, data processing is convenient, and result is reliable.

The invention discloses a flow cytometry. The flow cytometry comprises a light source irradiation system, a liquid flow system, a light split system, a signal detection, analysis and processing system, and a personal computer (PC) display control system; the liquid flow system comprises a flowing chamber; linearly flowing cells are accommodated in the flowing chamber; a solid laser is used as an excitation light source of the light source irradiation system, and laser passes through a reflecting mirror and a plano-convex lens to be converged and irradiated on the flowing chamber, is integrated and then is further converged on the optical part of the flowing chamber to be irradiated on the linearly flowing cells; the signal detection, analysis and processing system comprises a lateral scattering detector, a yellow fluorescence channel detector, a near-infrared fluorescence channel detector, a forward scattering detector and a signal processing module; and all detectors are multi-pixel photon counters (MPPC). The flow cytometry has the characteristics of large dynamic detection range, high sensitivity, small size and compactness and convenience in maintenance.

The invention discloses a dispersive polarized micropulse laser light radar control method and device, inputting polarized laser light emitted by a small-scale semiconductor pumping YAG frequency doubling polarizing laser as working into a beam expander for expanding, then sending the laser to the sky, where the laser is dispersed by aerosol in the atmosphere, the backward dispersed light of spherical particles in the aerosol will not change the polarizing direction of the laser light and that of nonspherical particles will change the polarizing direction of the laser light to form a component vertical to the polarizing direction of the original laser light (i.e. depolarized). The backward dispersive echo signals coming from the spherical and nonspherical particles are received by an optical telescope and two lights of different polarizing directions are separated by a light separating prism and sent to two detectors, respectively; a photon counter card makes contraposition counting and accumulation processing in the time sequence of photoelectric pulse signal returning from the space, and the processed result is stored into corresponding data memory cells; two signals collected are calculated by XJ-PMPL software to obtain echo depolarization degree, thus obtaining space distribution outline of nonspherical particles. Besides, it can also combine the two signals to obtain the total strength distribution of backward dispersed light, therefore the polarized micropulse laser light radar can also complete the functions of a general micropulse radar.

The invention provides a three-dimensional laser imaging method based on a photon counting compressive sampling phased array, which is applicable to the fields of all-weather target identification, high-precision terrain survey, precise nondestructive examination and the like, and belongs to the technical field of laser imaging and image processing. The three-dimensional laser imaging method includes steps that at first, a pulse signal generator generates pulse signals and drives a laser device to transmit laser pulse, and a liquid crystal optical phased array is adopted to modulate illuminating laser via a certain measurement matrix so as to illuminate for a target; optical pulse reflected by the target is received by a Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode, a time-correlated single photon counter is used for recording the numbers of photons returned at different time intervals, and the numbers of the photons returned at different time intervals are integrated so as to obtain a measured vector quantity; and the measured matrix and the measured vector quantity are brought into a compressive sampling recovery algorithm, so that a three-dimensional image of the target is reconstructed. The three-dimensional laser imaging method has a good practical value and a wide application prospect in the technical field of laser imaging and digital image processing.

A method and apparatus for measuring the optical power of very weak light arriving at a receiver, by using a photon detector, are provided. A photon detector detects the presence or absence of the arrival of a photon in accordance with bias application timing. For a train of optical pulses coming in at an arbitrary timing in respective time slots, the bias application timing is sequentially shifted within the range of a time slot. Each time a shift is made, the number of photons detected is counted by a photon counter. Based on this number of photons, the optical power of the train of the optical pulses is measured.

A method for detecting ionizing radiation with the aid of a scintillation counter and a photomultiplier using an inorganic solid-matter scintillator that incorporates at least one decay time component greater than 100 ns and measures the photons emitted by the scintillator with a fast single-photon counter. The single-photon counter is composed of a fast photomultiplier with high internal amplification, a stabilized high-voltage supply and a fast amplifier / discriminator with standard pulse output. With this arrangement, the measurement of all types of radiation, like alpha, beta, gamma and X radiation, can be performed, with low manufacturing costs for the detector, a high degree of sensitivity especially with regard to low beta energies, only small sensitivity changes over a large temperature range of −20 to +50 degrees C., and good long-term stability.

The invention relates to a novel measurement method and the device thereof, which combines the time-resolved self-fluorescence lifetime imaging technology and a laser scanning confocal ophthalmoscopeand realizes the early diagnosis of the ocular fundus diseases by obtaining and analyzing the self-fluorescence intensity and the service life information of the ocular fundus. The light which is emitted by a pulse laser is sent to the scanning head of the laser scanning confocal ophthalmoscope to excite the ocular fundus inner-source flgorgen, and the fluorescence which is emitted from the ocularfundus is collected by a time-correlated single photon counter or a high-repetition-rate synchronous scanning camera, so as to realize the service life measurement and the imaging of the self-fluorescence. As the service life of the self-fluorescence of the ocular fundus is very sensitive to the micro-environment and the cell metabolism state of flgorgen molecule and is not affected by the difference of the intensity of the flgorgen of the ocular fundus, the measurement of the fluorescence service life provides a brand new route for the detection of ocular fundus diseases and the obtainment of the function information of ocular fundus. The invention can become the solution and the basis of the early diagnosis of various ocular fundus diseases, which plays an important role in pathogeny research, clinical diagnosis, staging and typing, prognosis judgement, real-time observation and the analysis of the development of ocular fundus diseases, therefore the invention can be widely appliedin the field of medical research and clinical medical diagnosis.

The present invention provides nano particle size measuring method and device with scattered dynamic low-strength laser. The method includes: radiating liquid sample with monochromic laser beam of proper length to produce scattered light signal; collecting and transmitting to light signal with single-modular fiber with gradient refractive index; recording with single-photon counter module the scattered photons and converting into output electric pulse signal; and processing the signal in an autocorrelator. The device includes: light source, polarizer, focusing lens, two-layered refractive index sample matching pool, fiber, single-photon counter module, autocorrelator and computer. The present invention can measure nano particle size fast and accurately.

The invention relates to a real-time tunable confocal microscopic imaging system which is characterized in that laser emitted from a first laser is reflected by a multi-face reflecting mirror and then is received by a photodiode, sinusoidal signals are transmitted to an amplification modulation circuit by the photodiode to be processed and to generate line synchronization signals which are transmitted to a programmable logic device; the line synchronization signals are transmitted to a D / A (digital-to-analogue) converter by the programmable logic device and are converted into current signals by the D / A converter; the current signals are transmitted to a galvanometer drive circuit to be converted so as to drive the galvanometer; and the line synchronization signals are counted by a vertical synchronization signal generating module of the programmable logic device to generate frame synchronization signals, and the line synchronization signals, the frame synchronization signals and pixel clock signals are transmitted to a capture card by the programmable logic device respectively, gray value signals in samples of a photon counter are captured point-to-point by the capture card according to the line synchronization signals, the frame synchronization signals and the pixel sampling clock signals, and captured images are transmitted to a computer to reconstruct real-time video images. The real-time tunable confocal microscopic imaging system can be widely applied to imaging control of a laser scanning microscopic imaging system.

The invention provides a scanning photon counting non-visual-field three-dimensional imaging device and method, relating to the technology of laser imaging. The invention aims to solve a problem that a non-visual-field scene can not be imaged in the prior art. A pulse laser emits laser and gives a time signal to a time correlated single photon counter. Shaped laser is emitted to a wall body, and the laser scatted by the wall body is reflected by a target and then is emitted to the wall body again. A receiving optical system receives the laser returned by the wall body, and the image side visual field of the receiving optical system is same with the visual field of a single photon detector. The time correlated single photon counter calculates photon flight time and obtains a time photon counting diagram. A pulse laser and a single photon detector carry out scanning continuously, and multiple time photon counting diagrams are obtained. A computer reconstructs the 3D image of the target according to the multiple time photon counting diagrams, and a 3D image is obtained. The scanning photon counting non-visual-field three-dimensional imaging device and method are suitable for the three-dimensional imaging of a non-visual-field target.

The invention relates to laser imaging technologies, in particular to a non-scanning photon counting non-visual-field three-dimensional imaging apparatus and method and is intended to solve the problem that the prior art is unable to image a non-visual-field scene. A pulse laser emits laser and gives a time signal to a multi-channel time-dependent single-photon counter; the reformed laser enters a wall, the laser scattered by the wall is reflected by a target and enters again the wall; the laser returned by the wall is received by a receiving optical system, an image side of the receiving optical system is given as many visual fields as a single-photon detector array; the multi-channel time-dependent single-photon counter calculates photon flight time taken by a photo entering the single-photon detector array from the pulse laser back to the single-photon detector array, so as to obtain time-photon counting diaphragms; a computer reconstructs a three-dimensional image of a target according to multiple time-photon counting diaphragms to obtain a three-dimensional image. The non-scanning photon counting non-visual-field three-dimensional imaging apparatus and method are applicable to three-dimensional imaging of a non-visual-field target.

A quantum-imaging system for detecting photons, including short-wavelength (<1 nm) photons, is provided. A quantum imaging system can include optical read-out and optical means, and can be configured to perform as both a photon counter and a photon spectrometer. A quantum-imaging system can function as a photon counter and be configured to measure photon beam fluences (e.g., in J / cm2) for both strong beams and weak beams, the latter ones, for example, in the intensity range of 1 pJ / cm2sec, or 0.1 μSv / h. The quantum-imaging system can also function as a photon spectrometer and can be configured to measure photon energies with high energy resolution such as, for example, 1% of photon energy.

The invention discloses a full parallel lock phase photon counting detection mode based NIRS (Near Infrared Spectrum) cerebral function imaging system. The full parallel lock phase photon counting detection mode based NIRS cerebral function imaging system includes a modulating LED light source unit, a source-detection optical fiber arrangement array unit, a detection unit, an FPGA and a computer control and data processing unit; the modulating LED light source unit includes an LED light source module, a multi-channel square signal generator module, and 20 source optical fibers; the LED light source module includes 60 LEDs having three wave lengths and an LED light source drive circuit; the multi-channel square signal generator module outputs 60 square signals with different frequencies; the source-detection optical fiber arrangement array unit includes a source-detection optical fiber arrangement paster for arranging 20 light source points and 12 detection points, a plurality of optical fibers and a plurality of detection optical fibers; the detection unit includes 12 detection optical fibers, 12 PMT photon counter and 12 channel X 60 variable gate lock phase photon counting detection modules. The imaging system is high in sensitivity, is large in dynamic range, and is high in time resolution.

The invention discloses a device for compressing a chirp entangled photon pair. The device comprises a continuous laser device, wherein a first convex lens, a first nonlinear crystal, a second convex lens, a first light filter, a first collimator, a liquid crystal-spatial light modulator, a second collimator, a third convex lens, a second nonlinear crystal, a fourth convex lens, a second light filter, a fifth convex lens, a single-photon detector and a photon counter are sequentially arranged on a light path at one side of the continuous laser device. The invention further discloses a compressing method adopting the device. According to the device and the method for compressing the chirp entangled photon pair disclosed by the invention, the compression effects are the same as that of a traditional phase compensation scheme; and the defects that the compression result is limited by the dispersive medium length and the dispersive higher-order term and the loss is generated when an entangled photon signal passes through a dispersive medium in the traditional phase compensation scheme are overcome.

A photon counter bases on program logic for photoelectric information in faintness photoelectric information dispose technology. It relates to impulse amplify circuit, impulse discriminate circuit, impulse plastic circuit, controlling circuit for counting door and photoelectric counting circuit. The circuit of amplify, discriminate and plastic realize the magnifying of faintness photoelectric current, the identifying of impulse signal and the plastic of wave and realize the join with the hardware circuit of program logic (PLD). Its character is that PLD realizes the design of photons counting circuit and controlling circuit for counting door. The photons counting circuit uses for photons counting, numerical value lock and store and output, and the controlling circuit for counting door controls the counting time of photons counting circuit and its counting time is adjustable, automatically recorded into set time and repeated to count time.

The invention discloses a laser heterodyne device based on photon counting statistics of MPPC (multi-pixel photon counter), relates to the field of laser active detection research and aims at solving the problem of contradiction between the power of a light source and a coherent phase in the existing laser heterodyne detection. According to the device disclosed by the invention, a light beam emitted by a laser passes through a laser beam splitter mirror and then is reflected and transmitted, a reflected light beam passes through an acousto-optic modulator for acousto-optic diffraction and then is incident to a polarization beam-splitting flat plate, and the light beam after passing through the polarization beam-splitting flat plate is reflected to a laser coupling lens; the transmitted light beam passes through a laser beam expanding lens and then is incident to the surface of a rotating diffused reflection target, echo photons which are collected by a laser echo receiving telescope is subject to filtering processing through an optical narrow-band filter, and the light beam after passing through the polarization beam-splitting flat plate is transmitted to the laser coupling lens; and electric signals are received by a signal receiving device after the light beam is focused to the surface of the MPPC and optical interference occurs. The MPPC is larger in the receiving surface, and a detector can work in a non-high-voltage state so as to facilitate the implementation of signal receiving.

A method for detecting ionizing radiation with the aid of a scintillation counter and a photomultiplier using an inorganic solid-matter scintillator that incorporates at least one decay time component greater than 100 ns and measures the photons emitted by the scintillator with a fast single-photon counter. The single-photon counter is composed of a fast photomultiplier with high internal amplification, a stabilized high-voltage supply and a fast amplifier / discriminator with standard pulse output. With this arrangement, the measurement of all types of radiation, like alpha, beta, gamma and X radiation, can be performed, with low manufacturing costs for the detector, a high degree of sensitivity especially with regard to low beta energies, only small sensitivity changes over a large temperature range of −20 to +50 degrees C., and good long-term stability.

The invention discloses a near-infrared three-dimensional dynamic imager system based on a single photon counter. The near-infrared three-dimensional dynamic imager system based on the single photon counter is used for detecting a living body and comprises a light source, a light switcher, a detector and a controller. The light source generates long associated laser with different wavelengths. One end of the light switcher is connected with the light source in an optical mode, the other end of the light switcher is connected with a multimode optical fiber in an optical mode, and the light switcher comprises a wavelength switcher and a location switcher. The detector is composed of a plurality of single photon counting units. The controller is electrically connected with the light source, the light switcher and the detector and is used for controlling the light source according to a working mode to generate the corresponding long associated laser and controlling the detector to collect corresponding data. According to the near-infrared three-dimensional dynamic imager system based on the single photon counter, precision of data collection is effectively improved, and cost of a device is reduced.

A Raman spectrum gem and jade appraising device and a method are provided. The device comprises a power source, an optical part and a data analysis and control module. The optical part comprises a laser excitation power source, a laser, a reflector path, a high-voltage power source, a photomultiplier, a monochromator and a photon counter. The data analysis and control module comprises a general control drive, a computer and a display. The method includes fixing a sample to be detected to a sample rack in the reflector path, supplying power to the laser through the laser excitation power source to generate polarized laser, performing collimation, refraction and condensation processing through the reflector path to obtain an intensive laser beam, irradiating the sample to be detected to excite internal molecules of the sample to be detected to generate energy level transition to generate Raman shift so as to obtain scattered light, collecting and processing by the monochromator to generate spectral signals, converting into electric pulses through the photomultiplier, amplifying and counting through the photon counter to obtain spectrum information, inputting into the computer, processing, and displaying a result through the display. The device and the method can appraise gem and jade in a nondestructive, accurate and standardized manner.

The invention discloses a method for calibrating the detection efficiency of a detector based on a radiation source on-orbit calibration system. The system comprises a ground control system, a satellite-borne central controller, a photon counter, the detector, a detector vacuum and temperature control system, a rotary table, a vacuum door, a radiation source, and a radiation source vacuum and temperature control system. The method achieves the noise detection of system equipment before and after the opening of the vacuum door and before the starting of the radiation source, and employs the rotary table to adjust the detection direction of the detector, thereby achieving the detection of the radiation source, and achieving the detection of the azimuth of a Crab source and detection angles with different pitching. The method can obtain high-reliability noise testing data, achieves the omnibearing noise testing and analysis of the detector, and completes the calibration of the detection efficiency of the detector through the reverse deduction of a noise source with the help of measurement data.

The present invention discloses chemoluminescence immunity analyser. It includes machine driven system, glimmer light detection system, control system and software system; wherein said machine driven system consisting of one tray, two repeating motors, six threshold circuits and bidirectional guideway, said glimmer light detection system consisting of quantorecorder, impulse counter, high voltage supply and probe, signal from control system positioned through repeating motor driving controlling mechanical system and through optic probe driving controlling glimmer light detection system, said control system being chip 89 C52 constructed microprocessor and making duplex communication with software system through RS 232 interface circuit, said software system consisting of upper computer and lower computer program, lower computer according to executing relevant action according to upper computer and processing information from glimmer light detection system. Compared with current technology the present invention has high sensitivity and wide testing linear range.

Provided is a system and method for determination of a medical condition, the system including a disposable cartridge adapted to receive a volume of a body fluid, the cartridge comprising a plurality of sections, at least one of the sections adapted to react at least one reactant with the bodily fluid to form a pretreated sample; and an optics unit comprising at least one excitation illumination adapted to convey radiation to the pre-treated sample, at least one multi-spectral emission detector and at least one of a photon counter and an integrator, wherein the at least one excitation illumination and the at least one multi-spectral emission detector are disposed on the same side of the cartridge; and wherein the optics unit is adapted to detect a plurality of spectrally distinct signals generated by interaction of the radiation and the pre-treated sample in the cartridge, thereby determining said medical condition.

The invention relates to a single reaction cup luminescent measurement chamber. The single reaction cup luminescent measurement chamber comprises: a measuring chamber, a top cover; a photon counter; a shutter structure, which is arranged between the photon counter and the measurement chamber and can close or open a photon via hole. Through the design of the shutter structure, before opening of the top cover, a driving part is rotated to drive the movement of a baffle plate, so that a through hole on the baffle plate and the photon via hole can be staggered, i.e. a lens of the photon counter can be shielded to prevent the incidence of external light into the photon counter, thus ensuring the service life and precision of the photon counter. After close of the top cover, the driving part is rotated to drive the baffle plate to move, so that the through hole on the baffle plate can coincide with the photon via hole, therefore the photon counter can collect the luminescent amount of a substance in a reaction cup.

The invention discloses a super-resolution fluorescent lifetime imaging device based on parallel detection. The device comprises a light source, wherein exciting light sent by the light source is focused to a sample through a microobjective and signal light sent by the sample is collected, wherein a detection system receiving the signal light comprises a plurality of fiber bundles, a detector array and a time related single photon counter array; the plurality of fiber bundles receive the signal light at the same time; the detector array is provided with a plurality of detectors separately connected to fibers to obtain corresponding light intensity signals; and the time related single photon counter array is provided with time related single photon counters which are separately connected tothe detectors and are synchronized with the pulse of the light source for calculating the fluorescent lifetime and achieving super-resolution fluorescent lifetime imaging. The invention also discloses a super-resolution fluorescent lifetime imaging method based on parallel detection. By means of parallel APD and parallel TCSPC, the imaging resolution is enhanced, and the lifetime imaging speed isalso remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a terahertz wave communication device based on quantum two-photon entanglement. The terahertz wave communication device comprises a pump light source, a half-wave plate, a polarization beam splitter, a convex lens, an MgO:LiNbO3 crystal, an information space encoder, a terahertz photon collection lens, a narrow-band filter, a terahertz single-photon detector, a single-photon counter, a coincidence measurement device and an information space decoder. Pump light emitted out from the pump light source is converged through the convex lens so as to stimulate the MgO:LiNbO3 crystal to generate a terahertz photon communication channel with the entanglement property and a stokes photon communication channel with the entanglement property. The information space encoder, the terahertz photon collection lens, the narrow-band filter and the terahertz single-photon detector are placed on the terahertz photon communication channel. The single-photon counter is placed on the stokes photon communication channel. Quanta output by the terahertz single-photon detector and quanta output by the single-photon counter enter the coincidence measurement device along with mechanical and electrical pulse signals, and original communication information is reproduced by utilizing the information space decoder.