1291 results about "Bit plane" patented technology

The present invention efficiently decides line failure and contact failure in a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device has a plurality of bit line groups in which connection with local I/O lines is controlled by the same column selection signal line. A failure detecting circuit compares a first data group read from a first bit line group and a second data group read from a second bit line group to detect whether or not connection failure (contact failure) with the column selection signal line occurs in one of the first and second bit line groups.

A memory device, a manufacturing method and an operating method of the same are provided. The memory device includes a substrate, stacked structures, a channel element, a dielectric element, a source element, and a bit line. The stacked structures are disposed on the substrate. Each of the stacked structures includes a string selection line, a word line, a ground selection line and an insulating line. The string selection line, the word line and the ground selection line are separated from each other by the insulating line. The channel element is disposed between the stacked structures. The dielectric element is disposed between the channel element and the stacked structure. The source element is disposed between the upper surface of the substrate and the lower surface of the channel element. The bit line is disposed on the upper surface of the channel element.

A 3D memory device includes a plurality of ridge-shaped stacks, in the form of multiple strips of conductive material separated by insulating material, arranged as bit lines which can be coupled through decoding circuits to sense amplifiers. Diodes are connected to the bit lines at either the string select of common source select ends of the strings. The strips of conductive material have side surfaces on the sides of the ridge-shaped stacks. A plurality of word lines, which can be coupled to row decoders, extends orthogonally over the plurality of ridge-shaped stacks. Memory elements lie in a multi-layer array of interface regions at cross-points between side surfaces of the semiconductor strips on the stacks and the word lines.

An apparatus and method for image data compression performs a modified zero-tree coding on a range of image bit plane values from the largest to a defined smaller value, and a vector quantizer codes the remaining values and lossless coding is performed on the results of the two coding steps. The defined smaller value can be adjusted iteratively to meet a preselected compressed image size criterion or to meet a predefined level of image quality, as determined by any suitable metric. If the image to be compressed is in RGB color space, the apparatus converts the RGB image to a less redundant color space before commencing further processing.

A DRAM memory cell uses a single transistor to perform the data storage and switching functions of a conventional cell. The transistor has a floating channel body which stores a potential that corresponds to one of two digital data values. The transistor further includes a gate connected to a first word line, a drain connected to a second word line, and a source connected to a bit line. By setting the word and bit lines to specific voltage states, the channel body stores a digital one potential as a result of impact ionization and a digital zero value as a result of forward bias of body-to-source junction.

The invention discloses a JPEG2000 self-adapting rate control system and a method based on pre-assignment of code rate, mainly solving the problem of large calculation amount and large memory size of JPEG2000 encoding method. The code block of the original image after pretreatment, wavelet transformation and quantification is output by two lines, one line directly enters the bit plane and MQ coder; for the other line, the entropy of each code block is estimated by the entropy estimate module, sent to the code rate assignment module to assign code rate, and the code rate of each code block is feed back to the bit plane and MQ coder through the encoding depth control module, after the code blocks are encoded by the bit plane, further feed back to the encoding depth control module to determine the output code stream of each encoded code block, and the output code stream is under optimal interception and code stream organization to output the ultimate code stream. At the same time, the invention can change the threshold value of the encoding depth control coefficient as required, to flexibly control the encoding depth in order to improve the image compression quality. The invention has the advantages of low complexity and easiness for hardware implementation, and is suitable for various JPEG2000 image real-time compression systems.

A wavelet transform unit performs a wavelet transform on original images and a quantization unit quantizes wavelet transform coefficients. A ROI selector selects a region of interest or regions of interest in the original image, and a ROI mask generator generates ROI masks with which the wavelet transform coefficients (which are also called ROI transform coefficients) corresponding to the regions of interest are specified. By referring to the ROI masks, a lower-bit zero substitution unit substitutes low-order bits of non-ROI transform coefficients with zeros. An entropy coding unit entropy-codes the wavelet transform coefficients sequentially from high-order bit-planes, after the substitution. A coded data generator turns coded data into streams together with parameters and then outputs coded images.

A video coding method enabling implementation of resolution scalability while improving the coding efficiency. In the method, a band dividing section 104 performs band division on a high-resolution original image to generate a middle-resolution image, horizontal component, vertical component and diagonal component. The horizontal component is subjected to the DCT processing in horizontal layer DCT section 124, and then subjected to the bit-plane VLC processing in horizontal layer bit-plane VLC section 126. The vertical component is subjected to the DCT processing in vertical layer DCT section 130, and then subjected to the bit-plane VLC processing in vertical layer bit-plane VLC section 132. The diagonal component is subjected to the DCT processing in diagonal layer DCT section 136, and then subjected to the bit-plane VLC processing in diagonal layer bit-plane VLC section 138. In scanning, a scanning order is determined in consideration of bias in the distribution of DCT coefficients for each band component.

The present invention relates to an encoding apparatus, an encoding method, an encoding program, a decoding apparatus, a decoding method and a decoding program for adaptively controlling an encoding bit rate. Coefficient data obtained using wavelet transform is quantized, and segmented into bit planes. The coefficient data is entropy encoded from the bit plane of the MSB in a direction from an upper bit position to a lower bit position. Entropy encoding is stopped at a bit position where an amount of code has reached a target amount. On the bit plane, the coefficient data is entropy encoded from a lower frequency region to a higher frequency region. Data greatly affecting subjective image quality of a decoded image is selectively output while the amount of code is easily controlled.

A plurality of word lines (WL1) are provided in parallel to one another and a plurality of bit lines (BL1) are provided in parallel to one another, intersecting the word lines (WL1) thereabove. MRAM cells (MC2) are formed at intersections of the word lines and the bit lines therebetween. MRAM cells (MC3) are provided so that an easy axis indicated by the arrow has an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the bit lines and the word lines. Thus, an MRAM capable of cutting the power consumption in writing is achieved and further an MRAM capable of reducing the time required for erasing and writing operations is achieved.

A high threshold five transistor SRAM bit cell with cross-coupled inverters has a single BIT line, a common logic 1 supply voltage, and two logic 0 virtual ground source voltages. The BIT line is coupled to the bit cell by a pass transistor. When BIT line and virtual ground lines are not otherwise being used, they are connected to a common standby voltage that substantially lowers bit cell standby leakage. Writing is performed by driving a data signal through the pass transistor and is facilitated by creating a voltage differential on the virtual ground lines. Reading is also performed through the pass transistor wherein the BIT line is initially at the standby voltage, and is then driven lower or higher depending upon the data value stored in the bit cell.

Arrays of memory cells are described along with devices thereof and method for manufacturing. Memory cells described herein include self-aligned side wall memory members comprising an active programmable resistive material. In preferred embodiments the area of the memory cell is 4F², F being the feature size for a lithographic process used to manufacture the memory cell, and more preferably F being equal to a minimum feature size. Arrays of memory cells described herein include memory cells arranged in a cross point array, the array having a plurality of word lines and source lines arranged in parallel in a first direction and having a plurality of bit lines arranged in parallel in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

A CAM array includes non-volatile ternary CAM cells that use access transistors to easily read from and write to the non-volatile transistors. Each ternary CAM cell includes a pair of storage elements that are used to store a data bit value, and an access element that is used during CAM array operation. During a comparison operation, when the applied data value matches the stored value, the storage elements de-couple the match line from a discharging bit line (i.e., a high voltage on the match line remains high). Conversely, when the applied data value does not match the stored value, the storage elements couple the match line to a discharging bit line, thereby discharging the match line.

A compute memory system can include a memory array and a controller that generates N-ary weighted (e.g., binary weighted) access pulses for a set of word lines during a single read operation. This multi-row read generates a charge on a bit line representing a word stored in a column of the memory array. The compute memory system further includes an embedded analog signal processor stage through which voltages from bit lines can be processed in the analog domain. Data is written into the memory array in a manner that stores words in columns instead of the traditional row configuration.

A memory device including first to fourth memory cell arrays and a driver circuit including a pair of bit line driver circuits and a pair of word line driver circuits is provided. The first to fourth memory cell arrays are overlap with the driver circuit. Each of the pair of bit line driver circuits and a plurality of bit lines are connected through connection points on an edge along the boundary between the first and second memory cell arrays or on an edge along the boundary between the third and fourth memory cell arrays. Each of the pair of word line driver circuits and a plurality of word lines are connected through second connection points on an edge along the boundary between the first and fourth memory cell arrays or on an edge along the boundary between the second and third memory cell arrays.

An image processing apparatus includes a wavelet transformation unit for wavelet-transforming input image data on a per-image basis, and an encoder for changing transformation coefficients, which have been obtained by the transformation, to bit planes from higher- to lower-order bits, and encoding the bit planes one bit plane at a time. A code-quantity prediction unit determines whether all encoded data of each of the image data that have been encoded can be stored in the memory when the encoded data obtained by the encoder is stored in the memory image by image. If all of the encoded data cannot be stored, the encoded data that overflows the memory is divided and the divided encoded data is stored in the memory by writing the divided encoded data equally over storage areas of the lower-order bit planes of each of the image.

MPEG-4 encoded data is input, and a shape code decoder decodes shape data contained in the encoded image data to obtain ROI information contained in that image. The frequency transforms of the decoded image data are computed to generate transform coefficients. A bit shift unit bit-shifts transform coefficients, corresponding to the ROI, of the generated transform coefficients, to upper bit planes, stuffs “0”s in blank fields outside the ROI, which are generated by the bit shift process, and stuffs audio data from an audio buffer in blank fields within the ROI, which are generated by the bit shift process.

A lossless audio coding and/or decoding method and apparatus are provided. The coding method includes: mapping the audio signal in the frequency domain having an integer value into a bit-plane signal with respect to the frequency; obtaining a most significant bit and a Golomb parameter for each bit-plane; selecting a binary sample on a bit-plane to be coded in the order from the most significant bit to the least significant bit and from a lower frequency component to a higher frequency component; calculating the context of the selected binary sample by using significances of already coded bit-planes for each of a plurality of frequency lines existing in the vicinity of a frequency line to which the selected binary sample belongs; selecting a probability model by using the obtained Golomb parameter and the calculated contexts; and lossless-coding the binary sample by using the selected probability model. According to the method and apparatus, a compression ratio better than that of the bit-plane Golomb code (BPGC) is provided through context-based coding method having optimal performance.