The invention relates to a
nonlinear optical chromophore having an organic
indolizine electron-donating group, having the following general formula (I): D represents an
indolizine electron-donating group. N represents an n-bridge between A and D, wherein the n-bridge comprises a
carbon chain covalently bound to and separating A and D. A represents an organic
electron accepting group having an
electron affinity greater than the
electron affinity of D. The organic
indolizine electron-donating group D has one of the following formulae. Various embodiments of the present invention include a non-linear optochromic group having an indolizine
donor group, which has an indolizine donor attached to a pi-bridge group. In various preferred embodiments of the invention, the indolizine donor groups may be substituted or unsubstituted, including
hydrogen and
alkyl substituents,
aryl substituents, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments of the invention, the
substituent moiety in the indolizine
donor group may be important for separation. The separation may reduce
chromophore-
chromophore interactions. Separation may reduce charge transfer between molecules. The separation may increase the maximum applied
voltage, which may contribute to better polarization and higher r33.