The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine, and discloses a preparation method of (3S,2'S), (3S,2'R), (3R,2'R) and (3R,2'S) four type chiral monomers of muscarine receptor antagonist racemic medicine glycopyrronium bromide. The method comprises the following steps: resolving racemic alpha-cyclopentylmandelic acid by a chemical resolution method by using L-Tyrosine methyl ester and (R)-alpha-phenylethylamine as resolution reagents to respectively prepare (S)-alpha-cyclopentylmandelic acid and (R)-alpha-cyclopentylmandelic acid; and carrying out esterification reaction to respectively obtain chiral intermediates (S)/(R)-alpha-cyclopentylmethyl mandelate. L/D-malic acid used as the raw material is subjected to four reaction steps, including condensation, carbonyl reduction, catalytic hydrogenation or transfer hydrogenation reduction debenzylation, and reduction alkylation or alkylogen alkylation, in a chiral synthesis mode to obtain another important chiral intermediate (S)/(R)-N-methyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidine. The chiral intermediate is subjected to ester exchange and quaterisation to respectively obtain the four (3S,2'S), (3S,2'R), (3R,2'R) and (3R,2'S) type glycopyrronium bromide chiral monomers. The result indicates that the (3R,2'S)-glycopyrronium bromide has the strongest cholinergic antagonistic action.