54 results about "Electronic energy" patented technology

Thermionic generators are described herein that include a variety of features that allow the devices to efficiently and effectively convert large amounts of thermal energy directly to electrical energy, such as in the form of currents and / or voltages. For example, the thermionic generators can be used to generate an electron beam from a thermionic emission device, and focus or shape the electron beam in such a way that allows the energy of electrons in the electron beam to be captured and converted to electrical energy.

A quantifiable electromagnetic relay includes a housing, a PCB board, and two leading-out pieces extending from an inside to a first side of the housing and connected to a contact assembly inside the housing; one leading-out piece includes a plate-like sampling resistor piece made of high resistivity materials and conductive pieces connected at two ends of the sampling resistor piece, two sampling pins extending in the same direction are arranged at the two ends of the sampling resistor piece; the PCB board is connected to two sampling pins; a through-hole is provided in the sampling resistor piece. An induced current generated by a first closed loop formed by the through-hole offsets an induced current generated by a second closed loop formed by the sampling resistor piece, the sampling pins, and the PCB board in the external alternating magnetic field, thereby enhancing the relay's ability to resist interference.

Systems and methods for simultaneous phase-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The method and system for imaging a sample with charged particles include guiding charged particles toward the sample along a principal axis, and simultaneously detecting a first portion and a second portion of the charged particles transmitted through the sample using a first detector and a second detector, respectively. The second detector is positioned downstream of the first detector. Each of the transmitted charged particles exits the sample at an exit angle between the direction of the transmitted charged particle and the principal axis. The exit angle of the first portion of the transmitted charged particle overlaps with the exit angle of the second portion of the transmitted charged particle. In this way, complementary information, such as structural and compositional information, can be obtained simultaneously.

The invention provides an improved camera for electron diffraction pattern analysis, and particularly relates to a device for detecting a Kikuchi diffraction pattern. The apparatus comprises: an electron column adapted to provide, in use, an electron beam directed toward the sample, the electron beam having an energy in the range of 2 keV to 50 keV, and; an imaging detector for receiving and counting electrons from the sample due to the interaction of the electron beam with the sample, the detector comprising an array of pixels and having a count rate capability of at least 2000 electrons per second for each pixel wherein: the imaging detector is adapted to provide electron energy filtering of the received electrons, the particle detector has an active region and a diffraction pattern for counting received electrons representing said diffraction pattern, and the particle detector has an inert layer on a surface on which electrons enter towards the active region of the detector, where the inert layer disperses the detection energy of 20 keV incident electrons having an energy dispersion of a full width at half maximum of less than 3.2 keV. The invention also provides a method for detecting the Kikuchi diffraction pattern.

The present application relates to the field of power system control and power electronic energy storage technology, in particular to a generator set transient power compensation system and method thereof, the method comprising: collecting stator voltage, stator current, rotor angular velocity, power angle and DC bus voltage, and mapping into a generalized state vector; constructing a port-controlled Hamilton system model containing an initial interconnection matrix and an initial damping matrix based on preset physical parameters and obtaining a Hamilton energy function; taking partial derivative of the Hamilton energy function with respect to the generalized state vector, calculating an energy gradient vector, dynamically reconstructing a virtual interconnection matrix and a virtual damping matrix, analyzing control input and converting into a duty cycle command to send to an energy storage converter to perform transient power compensation; the system comprises a data acquisition module, a Hamilton energy controller and an energy storage converter; faster transient recovery, lower mechanical stress and more stable closed-loop response can be achieved.

The invention discloses an electron cyclotron synchronous acceleration method and system based on dynamic magnetic field modulation, belongs to the technical field of particle acceleration, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the magnetic field adjustment precision is low, and the stability of the acceleration process is difficult to guarantee due to the non-uniform frequency change of the magnetic field in the dynamic magnetic field modulation process. Comprising the following steps: S1, monitoring electron energy change in real time; s2, dynamically adjusting magnetic field intensity and distribution based on energy change; s3, adjusting the electromagnetic wave frequency to be matched with the electron cyclotron frequency; s4, optimizing space-time distribution of the magnetic field; the electronic energy change is accurately matched, the acceleration energy loss is greatly reduced, the speed and position of the electron beam are tracked through high-precision detection equipment by means of the energy monitoring module, the electronic energy change information is acquired and calculated in real time, and accurate data support is provided for magnetic field adjustment; after receiving the energy data, the control unit drives the magnetic field adjusting module to dynamically adjust the magnetic field intensity to ensure that the electron cyclotron frequency is always synchronous with the magnetic field.

The application discloses a mixed dose calculation method based on an electron energy deposition kernel, Monte Carlo simulation is adopted for photons, the collision and transportation process is simulated in detail, different methods are adopted according to the energy of electrons, the dose distribution of low-energy and medium-energy electrons with energy lower than a threshold value in space is calculated by using a pre-calculated energy deposition kernel, and Monte Carlo transportation is carried out for high-energy electrons, and the energy deposition kernel is used when the energy of the high-energy electrons is reduced to the threshold value. The setting of the energy threshold value in the application influences the precision and speed, the precision is high and the simulation speed is slow when the threshold value is low, the speed is fast and the precision is lower when the threshold value is high, a low energy threshold value is set in a region with relatively high precision requirement, and a high energy threshold value is set in a region with less importance, so that the Monte Carlo-analytical coupling method of the region mixing is realized, and the calculation efficiency is improved while the precision is ensured.

Electronic energy storage manager for controlling the energy input and output of an energy storage device in a motor vehicle that is at least partially powered by the energy of the energy storage device, wherein the energy input and output are carried out depending on a predetermined control operating strategy with a predetermined maximum permissible charging stroke and / or a predetermined maximum permissible energy storage load, wherein the energy storage manager provides a power mode with a power operating strategy that deviates from the control operating strategy and can be activated on demand, and wherein, when the power mode is activated, a larger charging stroke is permitted during energy input and output compared to the maximum permissible charging stroke in the control operating strategy, characterized in thatthat the maximum permissible charging stroke and / or the maximum permissible energy storage load in performance mode are specified depending on a range desired by the driver, which should be achievable with the energy provided by the energy storage system.

A thermionic energy converter, preferably including an anode and a cathode. An anode of a thermionic energy converter, preferably including an n-type semiconductor, one or more supplemental layers, and an electrical contact. A method for work function reduction and / or thermionic energy conversion, preferably including inputting thermal energy to a thermionic energy converter, illuminating an anode of the thermionic energy converter, thereby preferably reducing a work function of the anode, and extracting electrical power from the system.

The application provides a semiconductor laser and a preparation method thereof. The semiconductor laser comprises, which are sequentially stacked in a first direction, a lower confinement layer, a lower waveguide layer, an electron energy relaxation structure, an active layer, an upper waveguide layer and an upper confinement layer. The electron energy relaxation structure comprises, which are sequentially stacked in the first direction, a first barrier layer, an electron energy relaxation layer and a second barrier layer. The second barrier layer is located between the electron energy relaxation layer and the active layer. The energy level of the conduction band bottom of the first barrier layer and the energy level of the conduction band bottom of the second barrier layer are higher than the energy level of the conduction band bottom of the electron energy relaxation layer respectively.

A system configured to provide a non-thermal plasma from a variety of feed gases is described. The system includes a plasma applicator; a feed gas source providing a gas flow to the plasma applicator; a power supply configured to deliver electrical power via a transmission line to an electrode of the plasma applicator; a signal generator configured to provide a drive signal to the power supply; and a controller. The controller is configured to receive at least one input status parameter associated with a quality of plasma delivered by the plasma applicator; and provide at least one parameter value for at least one parameter defining an output signal waveform of the power supply. The at least one parameter value is taken from the group consisting of: duty factor, pulse rate, pulse width, pulse delay, pulse modulation and pulse shape.

A method for measuring an atomic scale microscopic thermal conductivity, said method being based on a focused ion beam-based sample preparation method and scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy. A temperature gradient is generated by locally heating a sample in a scanning transmission electron microscope; the temperature is measured in the electron microscope by means of electron energy loss spectrums; local heating in a nano-scale region of a sample is realized, and a stable temperature field having a large temperature gradient is constructed; and atomically resolved phonon spectrum detection and temperature measurement are realized in space. Local temperature information and a relative value of a microscopic thermal conductivity can be measured at an atomic scale, so that the quantitative analysis of the microscopic thermal conductivities of structures at different positions inside the sample can be performed; and the present invention has the advantages of accurate measurement, high spatial resolution, capability of studying nano-scale thermal transport and micro-zone thermal conductivity, etc., and is suitable for samples having complex structures and a plurality of material systems.

The application provides a method for in-situ monitoring of active ion deintercalation in an active material. The method comprises: thinning a sample to be tested to below 150 nm by using a FIB technology to obtain a sample to be tested; determining an angle between a preferential orientation path of active ion intercalation and an electron beam by using an EBSD technology, and selecting a grain with an angle of 85°-95° as an in-situ monitoring object; transferring the active metal to a conductive microprobe, oxidizing part of the active metal on the conductive microprobe to form an active metal oxide, and obtaining a negative electrode and an electrolyte attached to the conductive microprobe; fixing the sample to be tested at a fixed end of a sample rod of an in-situ TEM tester, fixing the negative electrode and the electrolyte at a moving end thereof, and building a solid-state battery in a field of view of the tester; connecting the sample to be tested with a negative electrode of an external power supply, connecting the negative electrode with a positive electrode of the external power supply, applying a voltage to the solid-state battery, and collecting electron energy loss spectra at different positions in the grain of the active material to be tested.

The application discloses a method for improving cycle performance of a manganese-based positive electrode material, a manganese-based positive electrode material prepared by the method and application, and belongs to the technical field of battery preparation. The specific process of improving cycle performance of the manganese-based positive electrode material and the manganese-based positive electrode material prepared by the method is as follows: the spin state of manganese ions in the manganese-based material is reduced, and then the manganese-based positive electrode material is prepared. The combination of different treatment modes in the magnetic field assistance, calcination and plasma treatment changes the electronic energy level structure of the manganese ions, makes the electrons of different spin states re-pair, obtains a new d-orbital electron filling state, changes the spin state of the manganese ions, and the manganese-based positive electrode material with low spin state is prepared. Meanwhile, due to the magnetostriction effect, the lattice constant is reduced, and the force of the TM-O bond is beneficial to be enhanced. In the manganese-based positive electrode material with low spin state, the lattice distortion caused by the Jahn-Teller effect can be significantly reduced, the cycle stability of the material is improved, and the service life of the material is prolonged.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a transition metal ion doped CdSe / ZnS core-shell quantum dot, according to the method, transition metal ions are controllably introduced into a host CdSe / ZnS material forbidden band as a magazine energy level so as to create a new electron energy level, and meanwhile, the number of defect energy levels of the CdSe core quantum dot is remarkably reduced; and a light-emitting mechanism is successfully converted from band-edge exciton recombination to non-radiative transition recombination. And the dependence of the luminescence performance on the physical size of the quantum dot is eliminated. Due to the characteristic, the material has the excellent temperature response characteristic: the material has wide-spectrum and tunable luminescence, huge Stokes shift to eliminate self-absorption, excellent light stability and long fluorescence lifetime, and has the potential of low toxicity. Due to the advantages, the material has a huge application prospect in the fields of biological imaging, fluorescence detection, solid-state illumination and the like.

Systems, devices, methods, algorithms, and techniques are described for energy loss spectra at relatively large energy losses. A method includes modifying an acceleration voltage of a system source from a first energy to a second energy. The method may include modifying one or more optical elements of the system according to the calibration of the second energy. The method may include generating a set of operating conditions for the projection optics system. The method may include modifying one or more elements of the projection optics system to at least partially comply with the set of operating conditions. The method may include modifying a condenser lens of the system in accordance with focusing a charged particle beam onto a sample location. The method may also include modifying the acceleration voltage from the second energy to the first energy.

To provide an image noise reduction method, an electron energy loss spectroscopy method, and an analysis apparatus that reduce the effort required to remove noise from measurement images before deconvolving the instrument function. [Solution] This is an image noise reduction method in which a computer performs the following steps: a learning condition determination step, which determines the learning conditions for machine learning the noise reduction model based on a generated image from which noise has been removed using a noise reduction model trained with the Noise2Void algorithm and an analyzed image from which the generated image has been subjected to inverse convolution of the device function; a machine learning step, which performs machine learning of the measured image, which is the training data, using the Noise2Void algorithm according to the determined learning conditions; and a noise reduction step, which removes noise from the measured image, which is the analysis data, using the noise reduction model trained in the machine learning step, before performing inverse convolution of the device function from the measured image, which is the analysis data.

The invention provides a flywheel energy storage voltage conversion system for DC bus voltage stabilization and a control method, and relates to the technical field of power electronic energy conversion, the method comprises the following steps: S1, providing a flywheel energy storage voltage conversion device which can integrate the residual energy (SOE) of flywheel energy storage and the real-time operation state of a DC micro-grid, the energy stored by the flywheel is dynamically, efficiently and controllably transmitted to a direct-current micro-grid bus; s2, providing an advanced control method for improving the voltage stabilization capability of the direct-current bus: the method works cooperatively with the device, and can provide rapid and stable power support timely and accurately when the voltage of the direct-current micro-grid bus fluctuates, so that the voltage stability of the direct-current bus is remarkably enhanced; wide-range fluctuation voltage output by a flywheel energy storage system can be converted into high-stability direct-current voltage, and power buffering and supporting which are fast in transient response and high in voltage stabilizing capacity are provided for a direct-current micro-grid.

Method for identifying metal impurities in a process for manufacturing wafers from semiconductor material, comprising the following steps: (A) Providing a test disk made of semiconductor material characterized in that it has defects which are capable of agglomerating impurities; (B) Performing at least one step of a process for manufacturing disks from semiconductor material using the test disk; (C) Identifying the positions and sizes of defects on the test disc using light scattering measurement; and (D) Investigate at least one of the defects identified in step (C) for the presence of at least one metal using at least one analytical method selected from mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy or electron energy loss spectroscopy.

The utility model provides a modularized multi-nozzle gas target system. The modularized multi-nozzle gas target system comprises a main body, a plurality of replaceable accessories and a control part arranged outside a vacuum cavity, the main body can be connected with a plurality of replaceable accessories, a proper gas environment is provided for laser tail field electron accelerators with different electron energy requirements, and electron beams of hundred MeV to 10 GeV magnitude can be generated. The gas target is an open type gas target, so that the problem that elements are damaged by intense laser is avoided; and the expandability is good, accessories can be developed on the basis, and support is provided for potential laser tail field electron acceleration experiment requirements.

The invention discloses a thin film transistor and a preparation method thereof and a display panel, the thin film transistor comprises a grid electrode, an active layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode, the material of the active layer comprises metal oxide nano-particles, the size of the metal oxide nano-particles is close to the nanometer size, the quantum confinement effect can be shown, the continuous electron energy level is changed into discrete energy level, and the performance of the thin film transistor is improved. Therefore, the optical band gap and the electrical property of the material are changed in a size-dependent manner. Therefore, the size of the band gap can be adjusted by adopting a nano material with a specific size, so that the intrinsic electrical characteristics of the active layer are set in the material preparation stage, the performance of the thin film transistor is designed and controlled before the thin film transistor is prepared, the influence of an external environment or a subsequent complex semiconductor process on the performance of a device is reduced, and the performance of the device is improved. And the problems of insufficient environmental stability and electrical stability of the TFT device are improved.

The invention discloses a flexible broadband rectification system for high-efficiency energy conversion and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of power electronic energy transmission radio frequency. In the system, a dielectric substrate layer is arranged between a radiation patch layer and a grounding layer, and a dielectric substrate layer is arranged between a rectification circuit layer and the grounding layer; the radiation patch layer and the rectification circuit layer share the grounding layer; a flexible receiving antenna array is arranged on the radiation patch layer, the phase delay microstrip line and the radiation patch form a spiral feed structure, the input end of a low-power rectification branch and the input end of a high-power rectification branch in the rectification circuit layer are connected with a matching network through a direct-current isolation capacitor, the low-power rectification branch and the high-power rectification branch are both connected with a straight-through filter in series, and the straight-through filter is connected with the phase delay microstrip line. The output end of the low-power rectification branch and the output end of the high-power rectification branch are connected with the rectification branch resistors respectively, and the straight-through filter is of an asymmetric microstrip transmission line structure. According to the invention, the problem that the existing rectifier cannot realize efficient integration with the flexible antenna array can be solved.

The present application relates to a kind of methods for calculating the reaction energy of iron-catalyzed o-alkynyl benzoyl diazoacetate metathesis to generate indeno [1,2-c] furan, comprising the following steps: selecting target reaction, designing reaction mechanism cycle diagram;According to the reaction mechanism cycle diagram, the molecular structure model of the intermediate, transition state involved in the reaction process is built;The multiple spin state geometry of each intermediate, transition state under gas phase condition is optimized, and the molecular geometry, electronic energy and gibbs free energy correction value are obtained;Based on the geometry obtained under gas phase condition, single-point energy calculation is carried out in solvent condition, and single-point energy is obtained;The gibbs free energy correction value obtained in step S3 is combined with the single-point energy obtained in step S4, to calculate the gibbs free energy of each intermediate and transition state under solvent condition, and then the energy barrier of each step of reaction and the rate-determining step of reaction are obtained.The method has theoretical reference value for experiment, and can reduce the manpower and material resources required by traditional experiment.

The application relates to the field of nuclear fusion devices, and discloses an escape electron mitigation device of a nuclear fusion device, a mitigation method and the nuclear fusion device. The mitigation device comprises an escape electron diagnosis unit for detecting the existence of escape electrons in real time and monitoring the real-time kinetic energy distribution spectrum of an escape electron beam at a high frequency; an adaptive control unit for calculating a resonance frequency capable of causing strong scattering of an electron beam under a current energy state in real time according to the received real-time kinetic energy distribution spectrum of the escape electron beam and in combination with the background magnetic field and density of plasma; and a radio frequency wave injection unit electrically connected or communicatively connected with the adaptive control unit, the radio frequency wave injection unit being capable of dynamically selecting one of radio frequency waves of multiple frequency bands according to the resonance frequency calculated by the adaptive control unit and injecting the radio frequency wave into the plasma. The application can track the energy of escape electrons in real time, and adaptively switch the emission frequency band to rapidly and nonlinearly scatter and dissipate the escape electrons, thereby improving the dissipation efficiency.

This invention discloses a bipolar ion source for ionization and acceleration separation, belonging to the field of plasma technology. The bipolar ion source includes an upper inner magnetic ring, a lower inner magnetic ring, an upper outer magnetic ring, a lower outer magnetic ring, a ceramic channel, an anode, and an intermediate electrode. The anode is located in a first zero magnetic field region at the bottom of the ceramic channel cavity, and the intermediate electrode is located in a second zero magnetic field region in the middle of the ceramic channel cavity. The inner and outer magnetic rings are coaxially arranged on the inner and outer sides of the ceramic channel, forming a first magnetic field and a second magnetic field, respectively. The first magnetic field forms a first zero magnetic field region at the bottom of the channel, and the second magnetic field forms a second zero magnetic field region in the middle of the channel, with the peak value of the second magnetic field located in the plume region outside the ceramic channel. This invention, through the combination of the bipolar magnetic field and the intermediate electrode, ensures that the ionization of the working fluid mainly occurs between the anode and the intermediate electrode, and that ion acceleration mainly occurs after the intermediate electrode. This achieves partitioned control and decoupling of the ionization and acceleration processes, reducing electron energy in the ionization region, decreasing electron conduction current, improving ionization and discharge efficiency, and facilitating high-voltage acceleration and increased ion energy, while simultaneously reducing sputtering on the ceramic wall.

The invention discloses an electron two-dimensional spin detector and application thereof. The electron two-dimensional spin detector comprises a high-transmittance metal net, an electron spin screening film, an electron multiplier and an electron detector which are sequentially arranged in the electron movement direction. Magnetizing devices are arranged around the electron spin screening film in the circumferential direction in an array mode, and positive and negative polarization in multiple directions is achieved. The high-transmittance metal net, the electron spin screening film and the electron multiplier are respectively connected with a voltage source, the voltage is changed, and the voltage difference between the high-transmittance metal net and the electron spin screening film is changed. The electron two-dimensional spin detector designed by the invention is simple in structure, does not need a complex process of coating or surface treatment, can directly detect two-dimensional spin electrons, can be combined with a hemispherical energy analyzer, a time-flight electron energy analyzer and other electron energy analyzers, and meets more measurement scenes.

This invention discloses a secondary electron trap for electron beam evaporation, comprising a permanent magnet, a magnetically conductive block, a side magnetically conductive plate, a cooling plate, a fixed bracket, and an anti-fouling plate. The permanent magnet has opposing magnetic poles at both ends, each connected to a magnetically conductive block. The magnetically conductive block is connected to the side magnetically conductive plate located below it. The side magnetically conductive plate has an inclined guide edge, and the cooling plate is connected to this inclined guide edge. The anti-fouling plate is located on the side of the cooling plate facing the secondary electron's movement path, serving as a preferential impact interface for the secondary electrons. The fixed bracket is connected to the lower part of the side magnetically conductive plate and is made of a non-magnetic material. The movement of secondary electrons is actively controlled by a magnetic field, achieving a shift from passive blocking to active trapping. The cooling plate and anti-fouling plate effectively dissipate the energy of the secondary electrons, reducing the thermal impact. This reduces the impact of secondary electrons on the substrate area and the cavity environment, improving film quality.

The invention discloses an integrated AC / DC hybrid circuit applied to an intelligent flexible substation, and the circuit comprises a Z-type transformer, a primary side transformation winding is used for receiving electric energy from the input end of a distribution network, and the first end of a secondary side transformation winding is connected with a power electronic energy storage module; the AC / DC converter comprises a direct current side and an alternating current side, the direct current side of the AC / DC converter is connected with the output end of the wind power new energy module, and the AC / DC converter is used for converting direct current generated by the wind power new energy module into alternating current; and the power electronic energy storage module is used for receiving electric energy or providing electric energy, receiving the electric energy of the wind power new energy module and the electric energy input by the distribution network when the power electronic energy storage module is in the charging mode, and providing electric energy for an external device through the Z-type transformer when the power electronic energy storage module is in the discharging mode. According to the integrated AC / DC hybrid circuit disclosed by the invention, the power transmission and distribution cost is saved, and the redundancy of a system is reduced.

The invention relates to a hybrid direct-current circuit breaker adopting a novel buffer circuit, which belongs to the field of direct-current systems and power electronics and comprises a through-current branch, a commutation branch, a buffer branch and a power electronic energy consumption branch which are connected in parallel. The through-current branch is connected in series with the direct-current bus; the commutation branch, the buffer branch and the power electronic energy consumption branch are connected in parallel with the through-flow branch; the commutation branch is connected in series with a power electronic switch device; the buffer branch comprises a first branch, and the first branch comprises an auxiliary metal oxide arrester and a first capacitor which are connected in series; a main metal oxide lightning arrester is connected in series in the power electronic energy consumption branch; the clamping voltage of the auxiliary metal oxide lightning arrester is smaller than the clamping voltage of the main metal oxide lightning arrester and is smaller than or equal to the sum of the clamping voltage of the auxiliary metal oxide lightning arrester and the rated voltage of the first capacitor. The circuit breaker can avoid the problem that the surge voltage is too high when a fault occurs.

A method for operating an electricity metering system is provided. The metering system includes an electronic energy meter and a metering application host. The method includes: receiving, by the electronic energy meter, an analog signal associated with power delivered using alternating current (AC); converting, by the electronic energy meter, the analog signal to a digital signal; generating, by the electronic energy meter, processed data and a continuous stream of waveform data; receiving, by a continuous waveform data stream module of the metering application host, the continuous stream of waveform data; requesting, by a first metering application hosted by the metering application host, at least a first portion of the continuous stream of waveform data; and transferring, by the continuous waveform data stream module, the at least a first portion of the continuous stream of waveform data to the first metering application.