224 results about "Density ratio" patented technology

A method and apparatus for etching a substrate using a spatially modified plasma is provided herein. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a process chamber having a plasma stabilizer disposed above a substrate support pedestal. A substrate is placed upon the pedestal. A process gas is introduced into the process chamber and a plasma is formed from the process gas. The substrate is etched with a plasma having an ion density to radical density ratio defined by the plasma stabilizer.

A method for controlling unnecessary power increases and call drop during discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode of a frame-based transmission system. The method comprises the steps of (1) detecting, at a receiver end of the transmission system a status of a transmitted frame indicating one of two possible transmission modes including (a) when a gating-off of the traffic channel occurs, and (b) when no gating-off of traffic occurs and normal traffic is being transmitted, and (2) controlling a change in the receiver target bit energy to noise spectrum density ratio Eb / No in response to the detection step so that a receiver target Eb / No is increased only when the detecting step does not indicate a gating-off of traffic has occurred.

The invention provides a method for screening images without mosaic or with little mosaic, and a system thereof; a method for screening clear images and a system thereof; and a method for screening images and a system thereof. The method for screening video images comprises the following steps of: converting the video images into gray scale images, filtering monochrome images; screening the images without mosaic or with little mosaic by the method for screening the images without mosaic or with little mosaic; calculating information entropy of the screened images in order to screen the images with more information quantity; dividing golden visual regions of the screened images in order to calculate marginal density of each region and obtain the marginal density ratio of the images; respectively calculating normalized marginal gradient values of the screened images; and calculating the weighting sum of the marginal density ratio and the marginal gradient values, and screening the video images with the maximum weighting sum. The method and the system provided by the invention can conveniently and fast screen the video images satisfying the needs, improve the screening efficiency, be good for searching and screening the video files, and improve loyalty of users to access the website.

A signalling method for controlling unnecessary power increases and call drop during discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode of a frame-based transmission system. The signalling method comprises the steps of (1) detecting, at a receiver end of the transmission system a status of a transmitted frame indicating one of two possible transmission modes including (a) when a gating-off of the traffic channel occurs, and (b) when no gating-off of traffic occurs and normal traffic is being transmitted, and (2) controlling a change in the receiver target bit energy to noise spectrum density ratio Eb / No in response to the detection step so that a receiver target Eb / No is increased only when the detecting step does not indicate a gating-off of traffic has occurred.

In a feature layer of a semiconductor wafer, dummy tiles which overcome the tendency of dishing and erosion to occur during a CMP process are placed with various sizes and in various positions. An isolation zone is provided around active features. A scanning process of the feature layout surveys oxide density and nitride density over the wafer layer outside of said isolation zone. Values of the ratios of oxide / nitride density for two or more length scales which define tiling zones, are calculated. Tile placement and sizing in the zones is dependent upon the oxide / nitride density ratio values; and further upon an oxide deposition model specific to the oxide used in the fabrication process and upon a polishing model of the CMP process being employed.

A semiconductor substrate processing system includes a processing chamber and a substrate support defined to support a substrate in the processing chamber. The system also includes a plasma chamber defined separate from the processing chamber. The plasma chamber is defined to generate a plasma. The system also includes a plurality of fluid transmission pathways fluidly connecting the plasma chamber to the processing chamber. The plurality of fluid transmission pathways are defined to supply reactive constituents of the plasma from the plasma chamber to the processing chamber. The system further includes an electron injection device for injecting electrons into the processing chamber to control an electron energy distribution within the processing chamber so as to in turn control an ion-to-radical density ratio within the processing chamber. In one embodiment, an electron beam source is defined to transmit an electron beam through the processing chamber above and across the substrate support.

The invention relates to a simple multi-parameter seismic inversion method for improving the precision and the reliability of the conventional pre-stack seismic inversion with the help of the seismic wave elastic impedance, thereby simultaneously extracting a variety of formation parameters. The steps are as follows: full wave logging information is utilized; an acoustic impedance AI and an elastic wave impedance EI are determined; a CMP gather is converted into an angle gather, and part of the angles are stacked; the conventional pre-stack elastic impedance inversion process is utilized to respectively carry out the AI and the EI inversion of cross-well measuring line of small angle stacked data and part of the stacked data of the middle incident angles; the channel calculation of the EI and the AI data which are obtained by inversion is carried out, thereby obtaining the seismic attributes which are closely related to the elastic density ratio, the lithology changes and the pore fluid ingredients; the reservoir lithology and the properties of the pore fluid are determined. The simple multi-parameter seismic inversion method only needs the seismic data of near and middle angles, and other parameters are obtained through the channel calculation of the relationship between the elastic density ratio and the acoustic impedance, thereby improving the calculation efficiency and being used in the pre-stack inversion of the seismic data obtained by the vast majority of the collection conditions.

A gas barrier film comprising a resin substrate provided thereon at least one layer of a ceramic film, wherein the density ratio Y (=ρf / ρb) satisfies 1≧Y≧0.95 and the ceramic film has a residual stress being a compression stress of 0.01 MPa or more and 100 Mpa or less, wherein ρf is the density of the ceramic film and ρb is the density of a comparative ceramic film being formed by thermal oxidation or thermal nitridation of a metal as a mother material of the ceramic film so as to being the same composition ratio of the ceramic film.

The invention relates to a spectral standardization-based coal quality on-line detection method, which can be used for coal quality on-line detection based on a laser induced plasma spectra principle. In the method, a calibrating model is established by using the intensity of an atomic characteristic spectral line after spectral standardization as a vertical coordinate and using the concentration of an element corresponding to the atomic characteristic spectral line as a horizontal coordinate. When the coal with unknown components is detected, the concentration of an element to be tested can be obtained according to the calibrating model after the spectral standardization. In the method, plasma temperature, electronic density, density ratio of ion to atom of the same element and a boltzmann's law are taken into consideration, so that the fluctuation of experiment parameters is compensated and the measuring precision is improved. The method can also be applied to the similar occasions requiring on-line real-time detection of chemical components.

The present invention is directed to composite metal foams comprising hollow metallic spheres and a solid metal matrix. The composite metal foams show high strength, particularly in comparison to previous metal foams, while maintaining a favorable strength to density ratio. The composite metal foams can be prepared by various techniques, such as powder metallurgy and casting.

A light guide plate having a pattern to minimize generation of a dark zone and a backlight unit including the same are disclosed. The light guide plate includes an intaglio pattern consisting of recesses formed in a surface opposite to a light emitting surface thereof to have a cross section having major-axis and minor-axis diameters and depth, the recesses being spaced apart from one another in first and second directions by first and second distances respectively. The density of the intaglio pattern is directly proportional to the major-axis and minor-axis diameters and depth, and is inversely proportional to the first and second distances. The intaglio pattern has the minimum density in a first region adjacent to a light source, and the maximum density in a second region that is the maximum distance from the light source. A density ratio of the maximum density to the minimum density is 900.

The invention discloses a method of utilizing replacement control and herbicide application to control mikania micrantha, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive prevention and control to the exotic invasion pest. The method comprises the following steps: when mikania micrantha is emerged and grows for 30 days, planting and sticking simple-link sweet potato seedlings with length of 5-7 cm for 10 days between the mikania micrantha seedlings, and at the same time, spraying bentazone at the dosage of 48-72 g / mu. Compared with the single application of bentazone, 60-90 days after administration, the control effect is improved by 2.52-20.44%; compared with the single sweet potato replacement control, 60-90 days after administration, the control effect is improved by 14.12-38.39%; compared with the single application of bentazone at the dosage of 72 g / mu, the dosage is reduced by 33% when the planting density ratio of the sweet potato to mikania micrantha is 2.6:1, and the control effect is improved by 0.2-1.51%, 60-90 days after administration. The method has the characteristics of high efficiency, safety and long-lasting control.

It is an object of the present invention to reduce the constraint that the density ratio is constant as small as possible, and to obtain high power recovering effect in a wide operation range by using an expander which is operated in accordance with a flowing direction of refrigerant. A determining method of a high pressure of a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigeration cycle uses carbon dioxide as refrigerant and has a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expander and an indoor heat exchanger, and the refrigeration cycle including a bypass circuit provided in parallel to said expander, and a control valve which adjusts a flow rate of refrigerant flowing through said bypass circuit, said compressor being driven by power recover by said expander, wherein if an optimal high pressure of a first refrigeration cycle flowing through said expander and a second refrigeration cycle flowing through said bypass circuit is defined as Ph, and a bypass amount ratio flowing through said bypass circuit in said Ph is defined as Rb0, and a maximum refrigeration cycle efficiency of said first refrigeration cycle in said Ph is defined as COPe, and a maximum refrigeration cycle efficiency of said second refrigeration cycle in said Ph is defined as COPb, the optimal high pressure Ph which maximizes (1-Rb0)xCOPe+Rb0xCOPb is determined.

It is an object of the present invention to reduce the constraint that the density ratio is constant as small as possible, and to obtain high power recovering effect in a wide operation range. A refrigeration cycle apparatus uses carbon dioxide as refrigerant and has a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expander and an indoor heat exchanger. An injection circuit for introducing high pressure refrigerant is provided in a halfway of an expansion process of said expander.

A method and system to predict lithography focus error using chip topography data is disclosed. The chip topography data may be measured or simulated topography data. A plane is best fitted to the topography data, and residuals are computed. The residuals are then used to make a prediction regarding the focus error. The density ratio of metal to dielectric may also be used as a factor in determining the predicted focus error.

The invention relates to an element measurement method based on laser-induced plasma emission spectral standardization, which is used for element concentration detection.The method comprises the following steps: firstly converting the strength of characteristic spectral lines to the standard plasma temperature and the density ratio of the number of ions to the number of atoms of elements to be measured; then after the strength of the characteristic spectral lines is converted to the standard plasma temperature and the standard density ratio of the number of the ions to the number of the atoms of the elements to be measured, using the sum of the strength of the characteristic spectral lines of the atoms and the ions of the elements to be measured to compensate the density fluctuation in the total particle number in plasma caused by the change in ablation mass; and finally establishing an equation among the concentration of the elements to be measured, the strength of the characteristic spectral lines after conversion and the strength sum of the characteristic spectral lines. When the measurement is performed on a sample with unknown components, the concentration of the elements to be measured can be obtained according to a calibration model by spectral standardization. As the calibration model considers the ablation mass and the impacts of the temperature and the density ratio of the number of the ions to the number of the atoms of the plasma on measurement signals, the fluctuation of the spectral strength caused by the fluctuation of physical parameters of the plasma is compensated and the measurement precision is greatly improved.

The invention relates to a method for using soybean root nodule and endotrophic mycorrhiza to prevent soybean root disease. Wherein, the inventive bacteria seed has been stored in national microbe storage manager center, whose storage number is sinorhizobium sp; the seed L396 storage number is CGMCC No. 1851; the bacillus subtilis seed Snb2 storage number is CGMCC No.1850. And the invention uses general liquid to ferment and cultivate, uses itself or metabolite as effective active component; mixing the ferment solutions at different ratios, with effective restrain function on soybean cyst nematization and root pathogenic fungi; the density ratio between Snb2 and L392 is 8:3, and the dead ratio of young bacteria can reach 98.92%, and the relative restrain rate on cyst cultivation can reach 99.66%; the invention prepares the metabolite into water agent, to reach 78.6% prevent rate on the soybean cyst nematization. The inventive nodule bacteria can fix nitrogen and accelerate growth.

A test assembly for a disk drive suspension head gimbal assembly includes a steel mount plate and a mount sub-plate of a material such as silicon carbide having a modulus of elasticity to density ratio that is significantly higher than the ratio for stainless steel. Preferably the mount plate and the mount sub-plate taken together have a first resonant shear frequency of greater than 50 KHz, which is generally greater than the frequency range of interest for testing head gimbal assemblies. The high modulus of elasticity to density ratio helps to ensure that any shear mode resonances of the test assembly occur at frequencies that are higher than the frequencies of interesting for head gimbal assembly shear resonance testing purposes.

The invention discloses a method for increasing condensate oil recovery ratios of condensate gas reservoirs by means of gas injection vertical displacement, and belongs to the technical field of condensate gas field development. The method includes selecting proper injected gas according to a principle that a gravitational differentiation phenomenon is obvious when a density ratio of the preferable injected gas to fluid of the gas reservoirs is lower than 0.75 under a formation condition in gas injection physical model experiments and actual production; determining injection and production well locations, perforation intervals, well patterns and well spacing by the aid of a kinetic mechanical analysis process for micro-elements of the injected gas so as to effectively form artificial gas caps in gas injection procedures; determining critical gas production rates according to a critical production rate correction formula. The critical gas production rates are used for preventing increase of gas-oil ratios due to coning of the injected gas. The method has the advantages that the artificial gas caps can be formed at high structural positions by the injected gas, condensate gas can be subjected to vertical downward displacement by the aid of the injected gas, accordingly, the sweep efficiency of the injected gas is close to 100%, and the injected gas utilization rate and the final condensate oil recovery ratios can be obviously increased.

The invention discloses a method for adopting an LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp for supplementing cucumber seedlings with light. The method comprises the following steps: adopting red and blue light combination for supplementing the cucumber seedlings with light under the condition of natural low light level (light intensity less than or equal to 35micromol.m2.s1), wherein the wavelength of the red light is 630-650nm, the wavelength of the blue light is 430-450nm and the density ratio of effective photosynthetic light quantum of the red light and the blue light is 2 to 1(2R1B) or 1 to 2(1R2B); adjusting the current of LED lamp power supply, for achieving the supplementary light intensity of 50-100 micromol.m2.s1; supplementing light at regular time by adopting a timing controller, wherein the light supplementing time is from 6 am to 6 pm in each day. According to the method provided by the invention, the LED lamp combined with different red and blue light ratios is adopted for supplementing the generally cultured cucumber seedlings with light; the method has the obvious boosting effect on the cucumber seedlings; the stem diameter, complete stool weight, strong seedling index, single plant leave area, root activity, net photosynthetic rate, SOD activity and POD activity of the cucumber seedlings can be effectively increased; the culturing for strong seedlings is realized.

In an aspect, an electrode for an electrochemical cell comprises: a structure having a nano- or micro-architected three-dimensional geometry; said structure comprising one or more active carbon allotrope materials; wherein said structure is characterized by an average density less than or equal to 2.3 g cm−3 and an average specific strength (strength-to-density ratio) greater than or equal to 0.004 GPa g−1 cm3. Also disclosed herein are methods for making an electrode for an electrochemical cell, and methods for making an electrochemical cell.

The invention provides systems and methods for forming low density ceramic felt material cores which are sandwiched between ceramic matrix composites to form a ceramic matrix laminate possessing a high strength-to-density ratio while maintaining a stiffness required for mechanical applications. The core and face plates are coupled together using a chemical vapor process.

The invention relates to a production method of an automobile skylight slide plate made of a paper honeycomb-shape core material, and belongs to the technical field of automobile interior trim part. A lightweight, vibration resistant, heat insulating and sound insulating automobile skylight slide plate with high specific strength, high stiffness-to-density ratio and good weatherability is prepared. The skylight slide plate is prepared by selecting the paper honeycomb-shape core material as a base material, placing a layer of honeycomb paper board between two layers of glass fiber mats, carrying out double face polyurethane spraying and moulding. The preparation steps comprise paving materials, spraying polyurethane, compacting for moulding, cooling for fixing, installing silica gel pads, applying back glue fabrics and assembling accessories. The method of the invention solves defect of heavy weight of a traditional skylight slide plate and satisfies design requirement of lightweighting automobile; a product has high rigidity and will not break or deform; the whole production process adopts an automatic production line for one-time production, so as to substantially reduce worker labor intensity and increase working efficiency; the whole production process generates no harmful substance, therefore, the method is an environment-friendly method for producing the automobile skylight slide plate.

It is an object of the present invention to reduce the constraint that the density ratio is constant as small as possible, and to obtain high power recovering effect in a wide operation range. A refrigeration cycle apparatus uses carbon dioxide as refrigerant and has a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expander, an indoor heat exchanger and an auxiliary compressor. The auxiliary compressor is driven by power recover by the expander. When refrigerant flows using the indoor heat exchanger as an evaporator, a discharge side of the auxiliary compressor becomes a suction side of the compressor, and when refrigerant flows using the indoor heat exchanger as a gas cooler, a discharge side of the compressor becomes a suction side of the auxiliary compressor.

The invention is a method and system for determining city ground road network traffic conditions, determining intersections, city trunk roads and city trunk road network layer by layer, and giving a system structural diagram; for city trunk roads, advancing 'equivalent traffic capacity' concept and determining method; thus, adopting 'density ratio' index, and calculating service level nominal values of trunk roads according to the given service level nominal value curve and making determination; based on the determined results, adopting 'weighted density ratio' index to determine service level of trunk roads; identifying crowded regions, crowded trunk roads and crowded intersections layer by layer according to the corresponding determined results, thus able to reflect total conditions of a city road system.

A low-density, high-strength concrete composition that is both self-compacting and lightweight, with a low weight-fraction of aggregate to total dry raw materials, and a highly-homogenous distribution of a non-absorptive and closed-cell lightweight aggregate such as glass microspheres or copolymer polymer beads or a combination thereof, and the steps of providing the composition or components. Lightweight concretes formed therefrom have low density, high strength-to-weight ratios, and high R-value. The concrete has strength similar to that ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete but at an oven-dried density as low as 40 lbs. / cu.ft. The concrete, at the density ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete, has a higher strength and, at the strength ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete, a lower density. Such strength-to-density ratios range approximately from above 30 cu.ft / sq.in. to above 110 cu.ft / sq.in., with a 28-day compressive strength ranging from about 3400 to 8000 psi.

The invention discloses a hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atom magnetometer device and a density ratio optimization method thereof. The density ratio optimization method optimizes the alkali metal atomic density ratio of the magnetometer from the viewpoint of optical frequency shift suppression and improvement of signal stability of the magnetometer, and finally realizes the optimum alkali metal atomic density ratio which is insensitive to the pumping optical power and the pumping optical frequency fluctuation. Compared with a traditional single alkali metal SERF atom magnetometer, the hybrid optical pumping SERF atom magnetometer has the advantage of uniform atomic polarizability. Compared with a traditional mixed optical pumping SERF atom magnetometer, the hybrid optical pumping SERF atom magnetometer comprehensively considers the interaction and influence of alkali metal atomic density ratio, optical frequency shift, pumping optical power and pumping light frequency, and is a multi-physical-quantity coupling optimization method. The density ratio optimization method of the hybrid optical pumping SERF atom magnetometer can effectively improve signal stability of the SERF atom magnetometer.

The present invention is directed to composite metal foams comprising hollow metallic spheres and a solid metal matrix. The composite metal foams show high strength, particularly in comparison to previous metal foams, while maintaining a favorable strength to density ratio. The composite metal foams can be prepared by various techniques, such as powder metallurgy and casting.

There is provided a fiber bundle that strikes an excellent balance between the properties and performance of the resulting web and the finished products obtained from this web, and cost, ease of work, and productivity. There is also provided a method for manufacturing a web using this fiber bundle. There is also provided a web that is uniform and has excellent soft touch and bulkiness. This is achieved by a fiber bundle with a total denier of 10,000 to 500,000 dtex, obtained by bundling thermoplastic, conjugate, continuous fibers that have a single filament denier of 0.5 to 100 dtex / f and in which the center of gravity of conjugate components varies among the conjugate components in a fiber cross section, wherein the thermoplastic, conjugate, continuous fibers that make up the fiber bundle have a spontaneous crimp of 8 to 30 crimps per 2.54 cm, the fiber bundle density as defined by D1 / (W1xL1) (where D1 is the total denier, W1 is the fiber bundle width, and L1 is the fiber bundle thickness) is 100 to 2000 dtex / mm2, and the density ratio by spreading (the web density / fiber bundle density after spreading by drawing to a ratio of 1.6 in a pinch roller spreading machine at a rate of 25 m / min and a fiber bundle temperature of 25° C.) is 0.10 or less.