44 results about "Electronic density" patented technology

A novel coordination complex formed by dinuclear metal complexation is provided. The complex is a dinuclear metal complex of a compound, wherein the compound comprises a conjugation ring system substituted with: a) an electron donating group selected from —OH, —SH and —NH2; b) an indicating group selected from a chromogenic group, a fluorescent group and an electrochemical group; and c) two binding auxiliary groups, in combination with the electron donating group each of which being coordinated with the metal to provide an anion bonding site, wherein as the complex binds to a anion, the coordination of the electron donating group with the metal is weakened and electron donation of the electron donating group to the conjugation ring system is reinforced such that the reinforced electron donation by the electron donating group is transferred through the conjugation ring system to the indicating group to produce an indicating signal concomitant with the change of its electronic density. The coordination complex shows high sensitivity and high selectivity for pyrophosphate over other anions in an aqueous solvent over a wide pH range. Therefore, the complex is useful for pyrophosphate assay as a pyrophosphate sensor.

A novel coordination complex formed by dinuclear metal complexation is provided. The complex is a dinuclear metal complex of a compound, wherein the compound comprises a conjugation ring system substituted with: a) an electron donating group selected from —OH, —SH and —NH2; b) an indicating group selected from a chromogenic group, a fluorescent group and an electrochemical group; and c) two binding auxiliary groups, in combination with the electron donating group each of which being coordinated with the metal to provide an anion bonding site, wherein as the complex binds to a anion, the coordination of the electron donating group with the metal is weakened and electron donation of the electron donating group to the conjugation ring system is reinforced such that the reinforced electron donation by the electron donating group is transferred through the conjugation ring system to the indicating group to produce an indicating signal concomitant with the change of its electronic density. The coordination complex shows high sensitivity and high selectivity for pyrophosphate over other anions in an aqueous solvent over a wide pH range. Therefore, the complex is useful for pyrophosphate assay as a pyrophosphate sensor.

The invention relates to a method to generate three refraction rates plasma photonic crystal, which uses the following discharge device to reach the goal: the basic structure of discharge device includes two symmetric closed dielectric containers, and between the two containers setting the discharge gap, in the containers, setting discharge electrode fuses, and importing the water into the containers to form the discharge electrodes; by changing the discharge conditions, including changing the applied voltage frequency and amplitude, and the discharge gap shape border and aspect ratio, discharging will produce three refraction rates plasma photonic crystal structure with different cycles, and different lattice constants. Since the electronic density in the plasma channel has the three orders of 1015cm, theoretical studies indicating that such high electronic density is enough to enable the plasma photonic crystal having band gap structure, to prevent the spread of certain frequency lights, and having frequency-selective optical switching function, which has a broad application prospects in the industrial field.

The invention relates to a spectral standardization-based coal quality on-line detection method, which can be used for coal quality on-line detection based on a laser induced plasma spectra principle. In the method, a calibrating model is established by using the intensity of an atomic characteristic spectral line after spectral standardization as a vertical coordinate and using the concentration of an element corresponding to the atomic characteristic spectral line as a horizontal coordinate. When the coal with unknown components is detected, the concentration of an element to be tested can be obtained according to the calibrating model after the spectral standardization. In the method, plasma temperature, electronic density, density ratio of ion to atom of the same element and a boltzmann's law are taken into consideration, so that the fluctuation of experiment parameters is compensated and the measuring precision is improved. The method can also be applied to the similar occasions requiring on-line real-time detection of chemical components.

The invention discloses a method for measuring elemental concentration through laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on spectrophotometry, which belongs to the technical field of atomic emission spectrum measurement. The method is characterized in that a laser light is divided into two beams by an optical spectroscope; and then, the two laser light beams are reflected by a reflector, so that the included angle between the incident direction of the two laser light beams and the normal direction of the surface of a sample is 0-90 degrees. Plasmas generated by laser impaction are mainly expanded toward a direction perpendicular to the surface of the sample, therefore, the shielding effect of the plasmas on the laterally incident laser is weak, so that more laser energy can reach the surface of the sample, and the ablation quality can be improved; and by combining a technology of forming aerosols above the surface of the sample to optimize the experimental conditions for plasma generation, the method ensures that the plasmas can be generated more easily and the electronic density is higher. The method disclosed by the invention increases the repeatability of measurement, thereby facilitating the improvement of the goodness of fit and forecast accuracy of a calibration model.

A method for determining the dose distribution of electronic beam includes such steps as using CT to measure the electronic density array of the irradiated object, measuring and recording the initial lateral parameters of electronic beam, its energy spectrum and the source-skin distance, debunching the irradiating electronic beam into an electronic microbeam array, calculating the 3D dose distribution of each microbeam in irradiated object, and adding all the electronic microbean arrays to obtain a 3D dose distribution array of an electronic beam in irradiated object.

Electronic circuits dedicated to high frequency and high power applications based on gallium nitride (GaN) suffer from reliability problems. The main reason is a non-homogenous distribution of the electronic density in these structures that originates from alloy disorders at the atomic and micrometric scale. This invention provides processes for manufacturing semiconducting structures based on nitrides of Group III elements (Bal, Ga, In) / N which are perfectly ordered along a preferred crystalline axis. To obtain this arrangement, the ternary alloy barrier layer is replaced by a barrier layer composed of alternations of binary alloy barrier layers. The lack of fluctuation in the composition of these structures improves electron transport properties and makes the distribution more uniform.

The invention relates to a semiconductor double-stage surface structure laser machining method based on electronic dynamic regulating and control, and belongs to the technical field of femtosecond laser application. Under the water-assisted condition, a time domain shaping pulse sequence is designed, the local-area instantaneous electronic density and electronic temperature are adjusted, the phase change process of a material is changed, and therefore a micro-nano composite double-stage structure is obtained. Compared with a traditional multistage structure machining method, the method for machining the semiconductor multi-stage structure through the time domain shaping pulse sequence has the beneficial effects of being short in period, low in cost and good in repeatability.

The present invention discloses a GPU parallel acceleration dual spectrum CT reconstruction method based on a CUDA architecture. Combined with the characteristic of dual energy CT reconstruction, the method of carrying out dual-energy CT rapid analysis reconstruction and obtaining four reconstruction images at the same by using the parallel ability of a GPU based on the CUDA architecture is provided, and the images comprises a post-processing and reconstructed high and low energy line attenuation coefficient image and pre-processing and reconstructed equivalent atomic number and electronic density images. The method has the advantages that the speed is accelerated, the efficiency is promoted, compared with an existing single CT acceleration reconstruction method, according to the dual-energy CT reconstruction method, under the premise of registration, the repeated weight calculation of an original projection and a decomposed projection in a weighting step is avoided, the time of repeatedly calculating the back-projection addresses of the four reconstruction images in a back-projection step is saved, the data access time of a calculation middle process can be reduced. Multiple real parts and imaginary parts can be fully utilized to carry out dual energy synchronization filtering in a filtering step, and when a reconstructed image is increased, no more back-projection time consumption is increased.

The invention belongs to the technical field of olefin polymerization, and discloses a novel complex containing o-benzhydryl substituted alpha-diimine nickel used for fluorination of ethylene polymerization. Large-steric-hindrance benzhydryl and an F group are led to the ortho-position of phenyl of a catalyst, so that a coordination environment (steric hindrance and electronic density) of a metalcenter is changed; under activation of a co-catalyst MAO, catalytic activity, polymer molecular weight and a micro branched structure can be effectively controlled. The complex catalytic ethylene polymerization has relatively high heat stability; and high-molecular-weight low-branching-degree polyethylene is obtained.

The invention relates to a verification method for ensuring accurate operation of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The method comprises the following steps: designing a plan, printing the model of a patient by using a 3D printing technology, scanning the model under the same positioning condition and scanning condition, transmitting the scanned model to a TPS (Therapy Planning System), calling an IMRT therapy plan to be verified, completely copying relevant therapy data of the plan to the model, placing the model on an accelerator therapy bed, adjusting the measurement points of the model to isocenter positions by means of laser rays, and performing absolute dose verification and relative dose verification. The method has the advantages: the verification model is prepared by adopting the 3D printing technology, and the model is completely consistent with the patient in size, physical density and electronic density, so that the precision and the accuracy of the absolute dose verification and the relative dose verification are improved.

The invention provides an ionosphere non-coherent scatter radar differential phase detection method, comprising steps of 1 computer simulation and modeling research, 2 non-coherent scatter software radar verification test, 3 non-coherent scatter radar verification test, and 4 optimization and improvement of the radar echo numerical module, the parameter extraction algorithm and the test method according to the computer simulation and practical detection result. The invention can simultaneously and fast obtain the parameters of the high accuracy electronic density of the whole ionosphere height, the electronic temperature, the ion temperature, the plasma drift speed in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic line, etc.

The invention discloses a layered structure-based dynamic plasma sheath electron density modeling method. The method comprises the steps of dividing a plasma sheath into multiple layers, wherein each layer can be approximately considered to be uniform; performing modeling on time-varying electron density of each layer; and finally synthesizing a space-time electron density matrix. According to the method, a dynamic random process of electron density change is established by utilizing a classical theory, so that the difficulty in the condition that data cannot be obtained from a flight experiment is overcome; plasmas are equivalent to a layered structure, and the electron density of each layer is modeled, so that high difficulty and high complexity in direct modeling of space-time two-dimensional electron density are avoided; for dynamic plasmas in different conditions, the space-time electronic densities of the dynamic plasmas can be modeled by using a unified modeling method; and theoretical and data support is provided for research on electromagnetic wave propagation in the dynamic plasmas, influence of the dynamic plasmas on signals of different systems and the like.

Reduction in the net charge at the interface of a dielectric and a semiconductor material is achieved by placing atomic species in the dielectric near the interface. Preferably, these species are selected from the group of alkaline earth metals. The presence of these atoms results in a redistribution of the electronic density near the interface. The placement of the atoms is effected by ion implantation followed by multiple annealing steps at alternating low and high temperatures.

An apparatus and method is presented for controlling the quality of a mass density measurement of a multiphase fluid mixture including a plurality of fluid fractions and a plurality of constituting elements. The method includes the steps of: submitting a measuring pipe to a flux of high energy photons and measuring count rates; determining a mass density of the multiphase fluid mixture based on count rate measurements in a first and second energy windows; determining an electronic density of the multiphase fluid mixture based on count rate measurements in a third energy window; and comparing the electronic density to the mass density of the multiphase fluid mixture.

The invention discloses a distortion radar signal modelling method under a time-varying plasma sheath. The problem that the traditional radar signal model is hard to perform simulation and analysis ona modulation effect received by a distortion radar signal is realized. The realization process is as follows: establishing an electronic density model of the time-varying plasma sheath; computing a plasma sheath transmission coefficient and amplitude and phase thereof; computing to obtain the distortion radar signal model; and performing time-frequency processing on the distortion radar signal model. Through the modelling and time-frequency processing on the distortion radar signal under the time-varying plasma sheath, the distortion radar signal amplitude and phase modulation condition and time-frequency curve intercept and slope change thereof are determined. Through the method disclosed by the invention, the disadvantage that the traditional linear frequency-modulation pulse radar model cannot reflect the modulation effect of the time-varying plasma sheath is remedied, thereby laying the foundation for developing the related research about modulation effect compensation received bythe distortion radar signal; and the modelling method can be used for the signal parameter estimation and research under an electronic reconnaissance field.

The invention discloses an ordered mesoporous carbon material loaded platinum catalyst and application of the ordered mesoporous carbon material loaded platinum catalyst to catalytic hydrogenation of an aromatic nitro compound. The catalyst has large specific surface area, large pore volume, small platinum particles and high dispersion degree, and facilitates dispersion of a reaction substrate and a product; a catalyst support has high electronic density and can facilitate the active center of the catalyst to activate the reaction substrate, the ordered mesoporous carbon material loaded platinum catalyst has the catalytic performance remarkably improved in comparison with those of platinum catalysts loaded with other carbon materials, is superior to the commercial Pt / C catalyst under an optimized experiment condition, and can be recycled.

A method for controlling the quality of a mass density measurement of a multiphase fluid mixture FM comprising a plurality of fluid fractions and a plurality of constituting elements, the method comprises the steps of: submitting a measuring pipe 3 to a flux of high energy photons and measuring count rates, the measuring pipe being arranged to let the photons pass through the multiphase fluid mixture. determining S3a a mass density ρma<sub2>—< / sub2>mix of the multiphase fluid mixture based on count rate measurements S2a, S2b in a first E32 and second E81 energy window, the first E32 and second E81 energy windows being chosen so that the measurements in said energy windows are mainly sensitive to the fluid fractions, determining S4 an electronic density ρma<sub2>—< / sub2>mix of the multiphase fluid mixture based on count rate measurements S2c in a third energy window E356, the third energy window E356 being chosen so that the measurements in the third energy window E356 are substantially sensitive to the density of the constituting elements, and comparing S5 the electronic density ρel<sub2>—< / sub2>mix to the mass density ρma<sub2>—< / sub2>mix of the multiphase fluid mixture, one of said densities being corrected with a factor depending on the atomic number Z and the mass number A of the multiphase fluid mixture prior to comparison, a difference between both densities indicating the quality of the mass density measurement of the multiphase fluid mixture.

The invention discloses a portable storage battery electrolyte ultrasonic aerometer, belonging to the technical field of electronic density metrical instruments. The portable battery electrolyte ultrasonic aerometer comprises a C8051F120 singlechip as well as an ultrasonic parameter measurement unit, a power supply management unit, a key control unit, a state indication unit, a data output unit, a storage and clock unit and a man-machine interaction unit, which are connected with the C8051F120 singlechip. The portable battery electrolyte ultrasonic aerometer is characterized in that the C8051F120 singlechip is used for controlling the ultrasonic parameter measurement unit, the power supply management unit, the key control unit, the state indication unit, the data output unit and the storage and clock unit, and processing signals obtained by the ultrasonic parameter measurement unit, and meanwhile, the C8051F120 singlechip uploads data measured by the man-machine interaction unit to a computer and responds a control instruction sent by the computer. The portable battery electrolyte ultrasonic aerometer has the main advantages of high measurement precision, fast measurement speed, high automation degree, portable design, online function and the like.

The present invention is directed to a compound of formula I:wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from H, halogen, protected or unprotected hydroxy, alkylsilyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy or aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, nitro, amino, mercapto or alkylthio;R3 and R4 are independently selected from H, substituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy or aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl;Z is —(CRaRb)n— wherein n is a number selected from 1, 2, 3 and Ra and Rb are each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino or halogen;Y is selected from —O—, —S—, —N(Ra)— or —C(O)—, wherein Ra is as previously defined and does not form a cyclic ring;W is a group with sufficient electronic density to stabilize the compound through π interactions with the benzodienone moiety; or a salt thereof.The present invention also provides a method for its synthesis and intermediates thereof, as well as a method for absorbing UV comprising exposing a compound of formula I to UV radiation.

The invention provides a reconstruction parameter searching method and system in the three-dimensional reconstruction of a cryo-electron microscope. The method comprises the following steps that: constructing a high-dimensional parameter space, carrying out random sampling on each experiment photo in the parameter space through a Monte Carlo simulation method, and calculating a likelihood betweenthe experiment photo and a given model on each sampling point; carrying out resampling on the sampling point of which the likelihood is greater than a set condition, generating a new random sampling point, and calculating the corresponding likelihood; repeating a resampling process until all sampling points are converged to be near the sampling point with the maximum likelihood; and taking the statistical distribution parameters of one series of converged sampling point as one statistical description for the reconstruction parameter of the experiment photo, and using for reconstructing the three-dimensional electronic density map of biomacromolecules. By use of the method, the imaging defocusing amount parameter of each biomacromolecule particle can be independently and accurately measured, and the three-dimensional reconstruction resolution ratio of the biomacromolecule can be greatly improved.

The invention, which belongs to the microelectronic technology field, discloses an ion implantation dose detection control apparatus of a plasma immersion ion implanter. The apparatus comprises: a diagnosis unit, which is used for diagnosing plasma characteristic parameters including an ionic density, an electronic density, a plasma electronic potential and a plasma electronic temperature and the like; an analysis unit, which is used for obtaining particle components in a plasma and particle contents of all the components; a calculating unit, which is used for calculating an implantation technological parameter according to the plasma characteristic parameters as well as the particle components in the plasma and the particle contents of all the components; and a control unit, which is used for controlling an implantation technology of a plasma immersion ion implanter according to an output signal of the calculating unit and the implantation technological parameter. According to the ion implantation dose detection control apparatus of the plasma immersion ion implanter in the invention, a problem on detection of a plurality of charged ions during current ion implantation dose detection is solved; and meanwhile, the apparatus can be applied for accurate control of a process flow of ion implantation.

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for generating glow discharge striations, belongs to the technical field of glow discharge, and mainly aims to solve the technical problems of complex structure, poor stability, irregular distribution of electronic density and electronic temperature, and no selectivity in an application process existing in the prior art. According to a technical scheme, the apparatus for generating the glow discharge striations comprises a direct current power supply, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a workbench, and also comprises a glow discharge cavity, wherein an argon inlet is formed in one side wall of the glow discharge cavity while a vacuumizing port and a vacuum degree tester are arranged on the other side wall of the glow discharge cavity; one ends of the positive electrode and the negative electrode pass through the two side walls of the glow discharge cavity to be arranged in the glow discharge cavity; plate-shaped electrodes which are in parallel are arranged at the ends at one ends of the positive electrode and the negative electrode respectively; the other end of the positive electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply; the other end of the negative electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply and an insulating rod; and the insulating rod is connected with a micrometer.

The invention discloses an online monitoring device for mechanic-electrical integrated SF6 density moisture. The mechanic-electrical integrated SF6 density moisture comprises an electronic type density moisture module, a mechanical density module, a joint mechanism and a detection module, wherein the electronic density moisture module, the detection module and the mechanical density module are integrated by using the tailored joint mechanism, and thus the convenience for operation during use is realized. The flexibility and the safety of operation and use are improved by using a self-closed needle valve arranged inside a detection interface of the joint mechanism. Meanwhile, the electronic density moisture module and the mechanical density module are combined for online monitoring; and two paths of monitoring are independently transmitted without mutual interference, and thus the accuracy in detection and the reliability of the detection result are improved. A mechanical dial and digital display provide visual read for operators; and the electronic density moisture module can also be remotely controlled and monitored according to the requirement.

Disclosed is a plasma in-situ characterization method. An emission spectrometer, a high-speed image capture system, a digital oscilloscope, an infrared imaging device and an online mass spectrometer are used for performing characterization on plasma. A fiber-optic probe and a first image collector are both arranged on a discharge core region of a plasma discharging reactor. A voltage probe affiliate high-voltage electrode of the digital oscilloscope is connected with a high-voltage electrode of the plasma discharge reactor. A voltage probe affiliate grounding electrode is connected with a ground electrode, and a current probe is connected with the plasma discharge reactor. A second image collector faces the plasma discharge core region. A sample inlet tube of the online spectrometer is connected with an outlet of the plasma discharge reaction region. According to the plasma in-situ characterization method, all components are synergized and cooperated, varieties and the number of plasma active species, plasma discharging status, current and voltage waveforms, plasma electronic density, plasma region temperature distribution, product composition and the like can be monitored comprehensively in real time, and in-situ characterization can be performed in the plasma discharge process.

The invention discloses a portable storage battery electrolyte ultrasonic aerometer, belonging to the technical field of electronic density metrical instruments. The portable battery electrolyte ultrasonic aerometer comprises a C8051F120 singlechip as well as an ultrasonic parameter measurement unit, a power supply management unit, a key control unit, a state indication unit, a data output unit, a storage and clock unit and a man-machine interaction unit, which are connected with the C8051F120 singlechip. The portable battery electrolyte ultrasonic aerometer is characterized in that the C8051F120 singlechip is used for controlling the ultrasonic parameter measurement unit, the power supply management unit, the key control unit, the state indication unit, the data output unit and the storage and clock unit, and processing signals obtained by the ultrasonic parameter measurement unit, and meanwhile, the C8051F120 singlechip uploads data measured by the man-machine interaction unit to a computer and responds a control instruction sent by the computer. The portable battery electrolyte ultrasonic aerometer has the main advantages of high measurement precision, fast measurement speed, high automation degree, portable design, online function and the like.

The method comprises: adding the electropositive plasma gas into the raw material gas which contains the electronegative plasma gas and is provided for the plasma generator to make the electronic density of the plasma generated in the plasma generator increased; wherein, the addition of electropositive plasma gas makes the generated plasma stable.

A method and system for real-time calculating the dynamic phase shift signal are disclosed. The method comprises the following steps: segmenting the medium frequency signals in the testing channel and the reference channel, respectively; reading out the medium frequency signals in the testing channel and the reference channel at the present time period and converting the signals into the digital signals by an A / D conversion, respectively; converting the digital signals in the testing channel and the reference channel obtained at the present time period into the frequency domain signals by Fourier transform, respectively; and synchronously obtaining the accurate frequency at the present time period; and obtaining the phase difference by conducting a conjugate calculation on the frequency domain signals in the reference channel and the testing channel at the present time period according to the accurate frequency at the present time period. A plasma diagnostic method and system are also disclosed. The method and system for real-time calculating the dynamic phase shift signal can achieve the unattended and reliable real-time phase calculation and output, and the plasma diagnostic method and system which use the method and system for real-time calculating the phase shift signal can further reliably achieve the unattended real-time measurement for the electronic density and the current density.

The invention discloses a nitrogen-side gallium nitride napped-side solar battery and a production method thereof, which mainly solve the problems of the present solar battery that the efficiency is low and the cost is high. The nitrogen-side gallium nitride napped-side solar battery comprises a sapphire substrate (1), aluminum nitride (AlN) buffering layer (2), an extension layer (3), a cathode (4), an organic polymer layer (5) and an anode (6), wherein the AlN buffering layer (2) adopts metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth, and the thickness is 150nm to 200nm; the extension layer (3) adopts a nitrogen surface n-GaN grown by the MOCVD with the thickness of 2 to 3 micrometers and the electronic density of 1.0*1017cm<-3> to 2.0*1018cm<-3>, the surface which is contacted with the organic polymer layer (5) is a recess napped surface, the density of the recesses is 1.0*107cm<-2> to 4.0*108cm<-2>, and the depth is 450 nm to 1.5 micrometers; the cathode (4) is formed by depositing titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al) on the nitrogen side n-GaN layer; the organic polymer layer (5) is formed by spin coating on the surface of the nitrogen side n-GaN layer, and the thickness is 50 to 80nm; and the anode (6) is formed by depositing gold Au on the organic polymer layer (5). The process is simple, the cost is low, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is high, and the nitrogen-side gallium nitrode napped-side solar battery and the production method can be used for the commercial and civil power generation systems.