80 results about "Binary alloy" patented technology

The application discloses an accident-tolerant nuclear fuel cladding coating and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear fuel cladding coating. The coating is a Cr-based binary alloy coating deposited on the surface of a zirconium alloy base, and is selected from Cr-Fe, Cr-V or Cr-Mo alloy coatings, wherein the content of Fe is 3-10 wt%, the content of V is 3-20 wt%, and the content of Mo is 1-5 wt%. The preparation method adopts a magnetron sputtering process, and is realized by controlling parameters such as vacuum degree, temperature, gas pressure, bias voltage and power. Through alloying, the application effectively inhibits the element interdiffusion between the coating and the zirconium alloy base at high temperature, reduces the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds and Kirkendall holes, significantly improves the thermal stability and service life of the coating under accident conditions, meanwhile, the process is mature, the coating quality is high, and the coating is suitable for surface protection of zirconium alloy fuel cladding of nuclear power stations.

Provided are: a sputtering target configured to suppress trouble that could occur at the time of sputtering; and a method for manufacturing the same. The sputtering target contains a binary alloy of Cu and Al, with the balance being unavoidable impurities. The content (at%) of Cu and Al satisfies the condition of: 0.48 ≤ Al / (Cu + Al) ≤ 0.70; and further satisfies at least one of conditions (1)-(3). Condition (1): 0.48 ≤ Al / (Cu + Al) < 0.55, and the area ratio of pores in the field of view when observed by SEM being 2.0% or less. Condition (2): 0.55 ≤ Al / (Cu + Al) ≤ 0.70, and the area ratio of pores in the field of view when observed by SEM being 1.0% or less. Condition (3): the oxygen content of the sputtering target is 1000 ppm by mass or less, and the bending strength of the sputtering target is 70 MPa or more.

The application provides a magnesium-gadolinium binary alloy fuel powder and a preparation method and system thereof. The mass content of gadolinium in the magnesium-gadolinium binary alloy fuel powder is 6-30%, the density is 2.11-3.59 g / cm 3 , and the mass heat value is 20.01-24.06 kJ / g. The preparation method comprises the following steps: under the condition of argon positive pressure, melting the metal containing magnesium and gadolinium in a manganese steel crucible smelting furnace, conveying the obtained magnesium-gadolinium binary alloy liquid to a tightly coupled gas atomization tank for atomization through a stainless steel conveying pipe, and obtaining the magnesium-gadolinium binary alloy fuel powder after screening. The system comprises a smelting furnace, a tightly coupled gas atomization tank, a liquid conveying pipeline, a mechanical screening machine, an air flow sorting machine and a high-pressure argon tank. The application solves the phase segregation caused by the high density difference between magnesium and gadolinium in the magnesium-gadolinium alloy atomization powder preparation, and the safety problem caused by the volatility of magnesium, and the prepared magnesium-gadolinium alloy powder has a uniform metallographic structure and no serious segregation.

A magnetoresistive random-access memory cell includes a templating layer, including a binary alloy having an alternating layer lattice structure, and a half metallic Heusler multilayer structure including a plurality of layers of two different Heusler compounds, at least one of which is half metallic. The half metallic Heusler multilayer structure is located outward of the templating layer and exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). A tunnel barrier is outward of the half metallic Heusler multilayer structure, and a magnetic layer is outward of the tunnel barrier.

The invention provides a method for detecting the content of zinc in a lithium-zinc binary alloy strip based on ICP-OES, and belongs to the technical field of metal material component analysis. According to the method, the lithium matrix is separated by adopting a nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion system, and the stock solution is diluted by 500 times, so that the concentration of the lithium matrix can be efficiently reduced, meanwhile, the signal inhibition effect is effectively eliminated by combining lithium salt matching, and the detection precision is greatly improved. According to the method, Zn 213.856 nm analysis spectral lines are carefully selected, RF power is optimized, spectral interference of other elements can be avoided, the linear range can be expanded, and the method is suitable for rapid determination of the zinc content of 1%-20%. According to the method, the detection limit can reach 0.01%, the relative standard deviation is smaller than or equal to 1.0%, the recovery rate is 98.5%-101.2%, and high-precision detection is achieved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a compact gamma-TiAl alloy sheet, which comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining an Al-Ti-Al three-layer composite plate, then thinning the Al-Ti-Al composite plate to a target thickness through a rolling and recrystallization annealing circulating process, and finally, carrying out zero-pressure low-temperature and high-temperature reaction annealing treatment to synthesize the compact gamma-TiAl alloy sheet. According to the preparation method, holes in the TiAl3 phase are fundamentally avoided, and the compact and hole-free gamma-TiAl binary alloy plate can be prepared only by performing non-pressure reaction annealing treatment in a common atmosphere furnace or a vacuum heat treatment furnace. Besides, pressure does not need to be applied in the annealing process, the Al-Ti-Al composite thin plate can be pre-machined into a part in a complex shape, then the part is reacted and annealed to be synthesized into a compact gamma-TiAl alloy plate product, and the purpose that synthesis is conducted after forming is truly achieved.

The invention discloses a reaction device for preparing NiB binary alloy through magnesiothermy rapid reduction, and relates to the technical field of alloy preparation, the reaction device comprises a rotary drum, the rotary drum is rotatably erected on a supporting seat, and the driving end of the rotary drum is provided with a rotation driving assembly used for driving the rotary drum to rotate along the axis of the rotary drum in a transmission mode; the heating assembly is arranged outside the rotary drum, and the heating assembly is used for heating materials in the rotary drum; the material shoveling assembly is arranged in the rotary drum and comprises a material shoveling plate, a material guiding plate and a material shoveling driving assembly, the output end of the material shoveling driving assembly is in transmission connection with the material shoveling plate, and the material shoveling driving assembly is used for driving the material shoveling plate to be switched between a material shoveling terminal position and an initial position; when the material shoveling plate moves to the material shoveling terminal position from the initial position in the rotating direction of the rotary drum, the material shoveling plate shovels away the ultrahigh part of the materials accumulated in the rotary drum, and the ultrahigh part is guided and conveyed to the position behind the materials in the rotary drum through the material guiding plate. The reaction device prevents excessive accumulation of materials.

The application discloses a preparation method of high-strength Mg-Gd binary alloy rod material, comprising the following steps: alloy smelting: preparing Mg-Gd alloy; solid solution treatment: carrying out solid solution treatment on the Mg-Gd alloy obtained by smelting; preliminary extrusion: extruding the Mg-Gd alloy blank after the solid solution treatment at 380-440 DEG C, the extrusion ratio is 6-12, the extrusion speed is 0.2-2 mm / s, and a preliminary extrusion rod material is obtained; secondary extrusion: extruding the preliminary extrusion rod material at 300-340 DEG C, the extrusion ratio is 4-9, the extrusion speed is 0.1-1 mm / s, and a secondary extrusion rod material is obtained; aging treatment: aging the secondary extrusion rod material to a peak aging state, and high-strength Mg-Gd binary alloy rod material is obtained. According to the preparation method, the aging type Mg-Gd binary alloy rod material with high strength and good plasticity is obtained.

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy raw material mixing, and discloses a NiB binary alloy raw material mixing device, the raw material mixing device comprises a reaction kettle, a stirrer and a filler port, the stirrer is installed at the bottom of the reaction kettle, stirring and mixing are generated in the reaction kettle, the filler port is formed in the side wall of the reaction kettle, and the filler port is communicated with the stirrer. A temperature control assembly capable of switching heating and cooling is arranged on the outer side of the reaction kettle, a temperature control system capable of switching a circulating medium is constructed on the outer side of the reaction kettle on the basis of the jacket, and compared with a single temperature control medium in conventional equipment, a very stable effect can be achieved during temperature control; the chemical nickel plating process requiring accurate temperature change is more friendly, in addition, the setting form that the jacket wraps the medium for temperature conduction is adopted, so that the acting part is very uniform during temperature control, more accurate temperature control can be provided, and good product production is ensured.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system comprising more than one catalyst network, wherein at least one of the catalyst networks contains at least one noble metal wire consisting of a binary PtRh alloy. The binary PtRh alloy consists of 3.4-4.6 wt. % of rhodium, impurities and the remainder platinum. The catalyst system does not comprise a catalyst network containing a noble metal wire made of a further binary PtRh alloy comprising more than 7 wt. % of rhodium. The invention also relates to a method for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, in which a catalyst system according to the invention is used.

The application discloses a strain-induced supersaturated solid solution analysis method for a non-miscible alloy system based on mixed entropy evolution, and the method comprises the following steps: for a target A-B binary alloy, a mixed entropy-component relationship diagram of the target A-B binary alloy is drawn; the average component and the initial equilibrium phase component point of the target A-B binary alloy are calibrated in the diagram; based on the increase of the mixed degree of the entropy generation driving force, the two-phase components are predicted to evolve in the entropy increase direction during a severe plastic deformation process, until a single-phase supersaturated solid solution is formed. Based on the irreversible thermodynamic principle, the severe plastic deformation process is defined as a continuous external entropy generation source for driving the evolution of the system, through the analysis of the dynamic competition mechanism of element mixing and element demixing dominated by the entropy generation source, the formation mechanism of the supersaturated solid solution is revealed, and the application provides a universal theoretical tool for understanding and predicting the supersaturated solid solution behavior of the non-miscible alloy system under the severe plastic deformation.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical synthesis and preparation, and discloses a NiB binary alloy preparation technology and system.The NiB binary alloy preparation system comprises an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism, an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism, a control module and a control module, and the ultrasonic oscillation mechanism comprises a control terminal and an ultrasonic oscillation groove; the chemical reaction mechanism comprises a supporting plate and a reduction reaction mechanism which are arranged on the ultrasonic oscillation tank, and a stirring mechanism, a mixing mechanism I and a mixing mechanism II which are arranged on the supporting plate; the reduction reaction mechanism comprises a tank body connected to the ultrasonic oscillation tank, a first constant-speed flow guide assembly and a second constant-speed flow guide assembly, wherein the first constant-speed flow guide assembly and the second constant-speed flow guide assembly are arranged on the supporting plate. According to the method, the reversed-phase micro-emulsions with different components can be automatically prepared, finally, the reversed-phase micro-emulsions with the different components are collected to be subjected to the reduction reaction, the NiB amorphous alloy is generated, the NiB amorphous alloy can be conveniently taken out from the top-suspension waste liquid obtained after the reaction, the top-suspension waste liquid does not need to be discharged firstly and then taken, and the cost is reduced. And the production efficiency and the preparation precision can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses an alloy nanoparticle catalyst for a water electrolysis hydrogen evolution reaction. The alloy nanoparticle catalyst is characterized in that the catalyst is PtFe alloy nanoparticles. The PtFe alloy catalyst is nano-particles with uniform size, and the particle size of the nano-particles is 2-5 nm. The content of Pt is 28%-42%, and the content of Fe is 58%-72%. A one-step hydrothermal synthesis method is adopted, transition metal Fe is introduced through an alloy strategy, Pt-based binary alloy nanoparticles are synthesized, and the particle size is about 2-5 nm. By testing an X-ray diffraction spectrum, the crystal configuration is face-centered cubic. The corresponding overpotential of the PtFe alloy nanoparticles under the current density of 10 mA cm <-2 > is 25 mV, which is superior to that of commercial Pt / C (32 mV), so that the PtFe alloy nanoparticles are more favorable for promoting the hydrogen evolution reaction of electrolyzed water. After 20,000 cycles of cyclic stability tests, the activity of the PtFe alloy nanoparticles is only reduced by 4%, and commercial Pt / C is reduced by 20%. In a constant-current stability test, the voltage of the PtFe alloy nanoparticles is almost unchanged within 100 hours, and commercial Pt / C is reduced by 14%. The catalyst not only has good catalytic activity, but also has excellent stability.

The invention relates to a light-weight high-strength and high-toughness magnesium-lithium alloy, a preparation method and application of the light-weight high-strength and high-toughness magnesium-lithium alloy in preparation of horseshoes, the light-weight high-strength and high-toughness magnesium-lithium alloy is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-13% of Li, 0.5-3.5% of Al, 0-1.5% of Y and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of the impurities accounts for less than or equal to 0.1% of the alloy. On the basis of a traditional Mg-Li binary alloy, the Al element is introduced to form AlLi and Mg2Al3 phases, the Al element and the Al2Y phase induced by the Y element are cooperated, multi-phase synergistic strengthening is achieved, the synergistic breakthrough that the tensile strength is larger than or equal to 350 MPa and the elongation is larger than 20% is achieved while the density is ultralow, and compared with a traditional Mg-Li alloy, the strength of the alloy is improved by 50% or above, and the weight reduction effect is remarkable; through a spontaneous twin crystal mechanism in an alpha + beta double-phase region alloy, dislocation proliferation induced by groove rolling is combined, the damping performance (Q1 value) of the alloy is greatly improved, the damping potential of a horseshoe made of the alloy is far better than that of a traditional aluminum product, the joint impact load during horse movement can be remarkably reduced, and the protection effect is achieved.

The application discloses a self-lubricating porous copper-based oil-containing bearing material and a preparation method, application and bearing containing the material thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: material pretreatment: reducing and drying treatment is performed on copper-tin binary alloy powder; mold pressing and sintering forming: the pretreated copper-tin binary alloy powder is sequentially subjected to mold pressing preforming and near-melting-point sintering treatment, and a porous copper-tin binary alloy blank is obtained; borax immersion treatment: the blank is placed in a container containing a borax aqueous solution, and is sequentially immersed under vacuum and normal pressure conditions, and is dried and solidified, so that a borax film is formed on the inner wall of the pores of the blank; gradient solid solution treatment: the blank after the borax immersion treatment is subjected to two-stage temperature rising heat treatment in a protective atmosphere, and is rapidly cooled to room temperature, and a self-lubricating porous copper-based oil-containing bearing material is obtained, the preparation method is simple and efficient, the heat energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the prepared bearing material has a stable porous gap structure and has the characteristics of self-lubrication and high strength and toughness.

This invention discloses a method for preparing a nickel-titanium alloy ingot containing a low-melting-boiling-point metal, comprising: Step 1: placing a first nickel rod vertically and making a hole to form a receiving hole; Step 2: filling the receiving hole with low-melting-boiling-point metal particles; Step 3: placing a second nickel rod on top of the first nickel rod and then welding them to obtain a binary alloy preform; Step 4: placing the binary alloy preform in a crucible, with the second nickel rod placed close to the bottom of the crucible; Step 5: placing the crucible containing the binary alloy preform in a vacuum induction melting furnace for melting to obtain a binary alloy body; Step 6: pressing sponge titanium, electrolytic nickel blocks, and the binary alloy body in a pressing machine to obtain an electrode. This invention does not require specialized equipment and does not incur additional equipment purchase costs. Compared with additive manufacturing and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis methods, it has advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and high yield.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface treatment and intelligent monitoring, and discloses an intelligent monitoring management system in a NiP binary alloy preparation process. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared full-spectrum scanning data of a plating solution sample, constructing a three-dimensional absorption spectrum matrix, generating a separated spectral feature vector by utilizing principal component analysis, carrying out simultaneous quantitative analysis on multiple components based on a Lambert-Beer law and a chemometrics principle, and predicting a byproduct accumulation rate in combination with a recurrent neural network. Real-time monitoring and intelligent management of by-products in the NiP chemical plating process are achieved, and the technical problem that traditional single-wavelength detection is insufficient in selectivity is solved.

A magnetoresistive random-access memory cell includes a templating layer. The templating layer includes a binary alloy having an alternating layer lattice structure. The cell further includes a half metallic Heusler layer including a half metallic Heusler material having a tetragonal lattice structure. The half metallic Heusler layer is located outward of the templating layer, and has a Heusler in-plane lattice constant that is different from an in-plane lattice constant in a cubic form of the half metallic Heusler material. A tunnel barrier is located outward of the half metallic Heusler layer, and a magnetic layer is located outward of the tunnel barrier.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a binary V-based alloy and application of the binary V-based alloy in hydrogen permeation, and relates to development and preparation of a novel binary alloy material for hydrogen permeation, and the component of the alloy is V90Al10. The preparation method of the alloy comprises the following steps: firstly, cleaning the raw materials V and Al, and then accurately weighing the raw materials; and then smelting in a vacuum glove box electric arc smelting furnace for multiple times to ensure uniform distribution of alloy components. The prepared material has good hydrogen permeation performance, hydrogen embrittlement resistance and corrosion resistance, and has a good application prospect.

The application relates to a long-period stacking-ordered magnesium-rare earth alloy prediction method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal materials. The prediction method comprises the following steps: liquid structure models of pure Mg, binary Mg-RE alloy, ternary Mg-RE-X (X is other alloy elements) alloy and single atom models of each alloy element are respectively constructed; through molecular dynamics simulation and first principle calculation, the volume, cohesive energy, chemical short program parameters and proportion of each local structure symmetry of the above models are obtained; according to the evolution trend of the volume and cohesive energy of the ternary Mg-RE-X alloy relative to the binary Mg-RE alloy, the consistency of the distribution state of the chemical short program characteristics and the proportion of each local structure symmetry evolved from the binary Mg-RE alloy and pure Mg, effective prediction of whether a long-period stacking-ordered phase can be formed in the Mg-RE-X alloy is realized. Through theoretical calculation, element design basis for development of the long-period stacking-ordered magnesium-rare earth alloy is provided, and the blindness of alloy design is reduced.

The present application relates to a kind of gradient ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites and its preparation method.The method is carried out unidirectional high temperature reaction infiltration to porous low-density C / C substrate using reaction infiltration process, the method first spreads silicon zirconium or silicon hafnium binary alloy infiltrant on the bottom of crucible, then porous low-density C / C substrate is placed on the infiltrant, and unidirectional infiltration is carried out under the capillary force of porous low-density C / C substrate.The high melting point matrix component (ZrC, HfC) in the ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composite prepared by the present application is gradient distribution from bottom to top, the side with high content of high melting point matrix component (ZrC, HfC) has good oxidation resistance and ablation resistance, at the same time, SiC with relatively small molecular weight can reduce the weight of overall material, so as to achieve the double effect of oxidation resistance and ablation resistance and light weight.

The invention discloses a self-lubricating porous copper-based oil-retaining bearing material, a preparation method and application thereof and a bearing containing the material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of material pretreatment, wherein copper-tin binary alloy powder is subjected to reduction drying treatment; mold pressing sintering forming is conducted, specifically, mold pressing pre-forming and near-melting-point sintering treatment are conducted on the pretreated copper-tin binary alloy powder in sequence, and a porous copper-tin binary alloy blank is obtained; borax dipping treatment: putting the blank into a container filled with a borax aqueous solution, and sequentially dipping, drying and curing under a vacuumizing condition and a normal pressure condition, so that a borax film is formed on the inner wall of a pore of the blank; and gradient solution treatment is conducted, specifically, the blank subjected to borax dipping treatment is subjected to two-stage heating heat treatment under the protective atmosphere, the blank is rapidly cooled to the room temperature, and the self-lubricating porous copper-based oil bearing material is obtained.The preparation method is simple and efficient, heat energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the prepared bearing material has a stable porous gap structure and is suitable for large-scale production. The self-lubricating property and the high toughness property are realized.

A spark plug electrode made of a ruthenium-based material having one or more of the following properties: an equiaxed grain structure, a grain structure having an average grain size of less than or equal to 50 [mu] m, a grain structure having an average porosity of less than or equal to 2%, and / or a grain structure having an average non-uniformity ratio of less than or equal to 6%. In one example, the ruthenium-based material is a binary alloy comprising, by weight, from 1% to 15% of rhodium and the balance ruthenium. In various examples, the ruthenium-based material is a ternary alloy that includes from 1 wt% to 15 wt%, including an end value, rhodium, from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, including an end value, rhenium, and a balance of ruthenium. The invention further provides a powder metallurgy method for manufacturing the spark plug electrode.

The present application belongs to the technical field of low-temperature high-strength and high-toughness steel, and more particularly to a Y-Nb binary rare earth alloy microalloyed high-strength and high-toughness steel and a preparation method; the purpose is to add a specific rare earth binary alloy in a low-carbon low-alloy steel to form a composite carbide with high thermal stability during solidification, and to inhibit the growth of austenite grains; and the appropriate deformation temperature and deformation amount during final forging, through double coupling measures, create a microalloy composition design and create a crystal defect nucleation basis for eliminating the banding segregation and coarse mixed crystal structure of the subsequent forgings. Through multiple measures, the forged state of the high-strength steel of the present application is refined and homogenized, and then the final strengthening and toughening of the high-strength steel parts after quenching and tempering is realized, and the yield strength and impact toughness are significantly improved.

The present application relates to a kind of tin copper binary alloy vacuum filtration high-efficiency separation equipment and method, belong to non-ferrous metallurgy field.The tin copper binary alloy vacuum filtration high-efficiency separation equipment, the top of the vacuum cavity is provided with the shell that can be disassembled up and down, hollow position in the top of the vacuum cavity and located inside the shell is equipped with filter cartridge, filter cartridge outside is uniformly equipped with heating body, the top of the shell is equipped with air hole, air hole is connected with argon bottle by stop valve pipeline, argon bottle is equipped with flow valve, filter cartridge bottom is uniformly equipped with filter hole, filter hole is directly below and located in the inside of the vacuum cavity and is equipped with tin liquid cylinder, the bottom of the vacuum cavity is connected with vacuum pump.The present application is pure physical method, and other substances will not be produced in the separation process;Clean and environmental protection, energy saving and high efficiency, simple process, easy operation, low cost, high metal recovery rate, process safety controllable.

This invention belongs to the technical field of lead-free solder powder for electronic soldering. The invention discloses a graphene-coated copper-tin composite solder powder and its preparation method. The core phase is a CuSn binary alloy powder, with a Cu content of 0.5~1.0 wt% and the balance being Sn; the D50 particle size is 15~45 μm, approximately spherical, and the loose packing density is 4.8~5.2 g / cm³. 3，壳相：少层还原氧化石墨烯，连续致密包覆层厚度 The graphene coating is 0.8~3.0nm, with a coating amount of 0.03~0.22wt% (based on the total mass of the composite solder powder). The interface is that the core phase and the shell phase are covalently bridged by silane coupling agent, with a coating integrity rate of ≥95%. The graphene does not agglomerate or fall off, and it plays a stable role in the reflow soldering process. The wettability, solder joint strength, and thermal fatigue performance of the solder powder reach or exceed those of SAC305 silver-containing solder powder. The process conditions are mild, highly controllable, and have good repeatability, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production. Moreover, the preparation process is environmentally friendly and generates no harmful waste.

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy preparation, and discloses an intelligent monitoring management system in a NiB binary alloy preparation process. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring full-band spectral data through a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology, identifying characteristic spectral lines of impurity elements, calculating the accurate concentration of each impurity element by adopting a spectral line intensity ratio method, calculating an optimal formula of a selective remover based on a chemical activity database, and generating a sequential control scheme by utilizing a precise feeding control algorithm. And dynamic adjustment is realized through closed-loop optimization control. According to the invention, the technical problems of insufficient detection precision and poor removal selectivity of trace impurity elements are solved, and high-precision detection and selective removal of ppm-level impurities are realized.

A neuromorphic computing array includes horizontal lines and vertical lines, with the vertical lines intersecting the horizontal lines at cell locations. Magnetic tunnel junction cells are located at the cell locations. Each cell is electrically connected to a corresponding horizontal line and a corresponding vertical line. Each cell includes a substrate (1401), a seed layer (1403) covering the substrate, and a nitride layer (1403A) covering the seed layer (optionally, the nitride layer has a thickness greater than 5 angstroms). Each cell also includes a template layer (1403B) located outside the nitride layer, the template layer comprising a binary alloy having an alternating layered lattice structure and having a thickness greater than 50 angstroms. Each cell also includes a first magnetic layer (1405) covering the template layer, a tunnel barrier (1409) located outside the first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer (1411) located outside the tunnel barrier. The first magnetic layer (1405) comprises a Hessler alloy and exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA).

Disclosed herein are aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric materials, piezoelectric devices and related methods of fabricating said devices. The piezoelectric materials comprise a doping element that enhances the piezoelectric properties of the material and a stiffening element, which enhances the mechanical properties of the piezoelectric material. The incorporation of an enhancing and stiffening element to binary alloys of AlN, results in a quaternary AlN alloy, which reduces current trade-offs between the piezoelectric tensor component (e33), and stiffness of the material (C33).

The application discloses a method for preparing a polymer / nanoporous copper composite material, and belongs to the technical field of metal materials. The method comprises the following steps: proportionally preparing pure copper and pure manganese and smelting to obtain a Mn-Cu binary alloy; uniformly annealing the obtained alloy to form a gamma single-phase alloy; recrystallizing the gamma single-phase alloy and performing aging heat treatment to cause alpha phase to precipitate, thereby generating an alpha / gamma dual-phase alloy as a precursor material; placing the alpha / gamma dual-phase alloy into an acid solution containing sufficient acid, removing the alpha phase through selective phase corrosion to form a macroporous structure; vacuum-impregnating and solidifying the macroporous structure by using a polymer material; subsequently placing the material into a stronger acid solution, and causing the gamma phase to dealloy through free corrosion or electrochemical corrosion to generate nanopores, thereby obtaining the polymer / nanoporous copper composite material. The composite material can realize wide adjustment of the proportion of the nanoporous copper and the polymer material while maintaining a large surface area and excellent toughness.