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This invention relates to an electrochemical lithium-ion sieve-based lithium extraction apparatus and method, belonging to the field of electrochemical lithium extraction. The apparatus and method mainly comprise: a first end plate, a second end plate, and several electrolytic cell units assembled together. The electrolytic cell units are located between the two end plates. After brine and supporting electrolyte enter the electrolytic cell unit, due to the crisscrossing of the flow guide holes on the cathode and anode guide plates, the brine and supporting electrolyte flow to the cathode and anode respectively. Under the action of an electric field, lithium ions in the brine are absorbed by the lithium-deficient ion sieve on the cathode, transforming into lithium-rich ion sieves. Lithium ions from the lithium-rich ion sieve on the anode are released into the supporting electrolyte, transforming into lithium-deficient ion sieves. After draining the brine and supporting electrolyte, the apparatus is rinsed with pure water, and the brine and supporting electrolyte are exchanged, with the current direction changed, repeating the cycle to achieve selective extraction of lithium from the brine.