The invention discloses a sustained release injection containing mezlocillin, which consists of sustained release microspheres and menstruum, wherein, the sustained release microspheres contain sustained release excipient and penicillin antibiotics, the menstruum is special menstruum containing suspending agents such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and so on, and the viscosity is between 100 and 3000cp (at the temperature of between 20 and 30 DEG C); the sustained release excipient is selected from EVAc, polifeprosan, PLA, PLGA, decanedioic acid copolymers, albumin glue, gelatin and so on; and the sustained release microspheres can also be prepared into sustained release implant. The sustained release implant and the sustained release injection are locally placed or injected on a bacteria focus, which can slowly release medicine at a local lesion for 5 to 30 days and apparently decrease the systemic toxicity of the medicine when the effective medicine concentration of the local lesion is effectively obtained and maintained. The sustained release injection has a remarkable and unique treatment effect on infections caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, peptostreptococcus, acne propionate bacillus, enterobacter, tubercle bacillus, gonococcus or meningococcus and so on, particularly on local lesions such as chronic osteomyelitis, severe bedsore, refractory skin ulcer, diabetic foot and femoral head necrosis of diabetes, and various abscesses and so on.