80 results about "Molecular diffusion" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of dynamic simulation, and discloses a construction method of a molecular dynamic model for different bubble contents of ice and methane hydrate, and the method comprises the following specific steps: 1, selecting a crystal structure of the ice and methane hydrate as a model basis for initial structure construction; by constructing a molecular dynamic model of an ice and methane hydrate coexistence system, the problem of extensive quantitative regulation and control of bubble content is solved, accurate association of microscopic molecule removal and macroscopic volume fraction is realized, force field parameter suitability of a cross-phase interface is optimized, interaction of a hydrogen bond network and molecules at an ice and methane hydrate interface is accurately described, and the method has the advantages of simple operation and low cost. The simulation precision of the molecular diffusion behavior and the structural stability of the interface area is improved, meanwhile, the bubble form diversity and the temperature and pressure coupling environment are comprehensively considered, a multi-dimensional experimental verification system is established, and the influences of different bubble contents on the thermodynamic property, the dynamic behavior and the mechanical property of the system can be systematically evaluated.

The invention relates to the technical field of in-vitro diagnostic kits, in particular to hollow porous monodisperse carboxyl polystyrene microspheres, a preparation method and application of the hollow porous monodisperse carboxyl polystyrene microspheres in a kit for quantitatively detecting MxA. The preparation method of the microspheres comprises the steps that firstly, hydrophilic polystyrene microspheres are prepared to serve as stable particles; then fully mixing the Pickering particles with a first oil phase to form Pickering stable particles; then a surfactant and a second oil phase are added, the mixed system is stirred at a high speed, and the second oil phase permeates into the surfaces or pores of Pickering stable particles through interface interaction and molecular diffusion; under the action of an initiator, the polymeric monomers are subjected to a polymerization reaction, the low-boiling-point organic solvent is evaporated out along with temperature rise, and a polymer with a core part of a hollow structure and a shell layer of a porous structure is formed; and adding a carboxyl-containing functional monomer to form a hydrophilic polymer chain on the surface of the polymer, thereby finally obtaining the hollow porous monodisperse carboxyl polystyrene microspheres.

An apparatus includes a porous substrate and a multi-layer membrane. The porous substrate has a pore structure configured to allow diffusion of hydrogen molecules through the porous substrate. The multi-layer membrane is configured to, in response to contacting a hydrogen molecule present in the gas stream, split the hydrogen molecule into at least one of hydrogen atoms or protons. The multi-layer membrane is configured to allow passage of the hydrogen atoms or protons through the multi-layer membrane while blocking passage of compounds that may be present in the gas stream that are larger than hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen atoms or protons, after passing through the multi-layer membrane, combine to reform the hydrogen molecule. The multi-layer membrane includes a first metallic layer, an intermediate layer, and a second metallic layer.

The invention discloses a gas-gas diffusion concentration distribution calculation method considering gravity influence, and relates to the field of oil-gas field development, the method introduces a gravity drift velocity item generated by density difference into a traditional diffusion equation to realize unified characterization of molecular diffusion and gravity differentiation, and the method is suitable for gas-gas diffusion concentration distribution calculation. A dynamic mass transfer model suitable for multi-temperature-pressure and multi-component conditions is constructed and used for calculating concentration distribution and corresponding dynamic diffusion coefficients of injected gas and formation gas in the vertical diffusion process, and a calculation basis with better consistency is provided for prediction of the migration front edge and the distribution pattern of the injected gas, gas injection parameter optimization and gas channeling risk assessment. The method has the applicable value of improving the recovery ratio of the gas reservoir and the operation safety of the gas storage.

The utility model discloses a continuous high-efficiency crystallizer device based on ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer, which belongs to the technical field of crystallization, and adopts the technical scheme that the continuous high-efficiency crystallizer device comprises a crystallization component, the surface of the crystallization component is fixedly sleeved with a temperature control component, and the temperature control component comprises a jacket layer. The ultrasonic transducer can directionally emit ultrasonic waves to a solution in the crystallization reaction tank, and the cavitation effect and mechanical vibration generated by the ultrasonic waves can effectively break a solution mass transfer boundary layer, accelerate solute molecule diffusion, promote crystal nucleus formation and growth and greatly improve the crystallization efficiency. The temperature control assembly can achieve rapid heating and cooling of the crystallization reaction tank, meanwhile, the temperature in the crystallization reaction tank can be accurately controlled in cooperation with real-time monitoring of the temperature sensor, and therefore the strict requirements of different crystallization technologies for the temperature are met, and crystal quality reduction caused by temperature fluctuation is avoided.

The application discloses a double-material sliding block mold, and relates to the technical field of molds, which comprises a lower mold, an upper mold, a sliding block mechanism, a pouring pipe, a control mechanism, a mounting rod and a detection mechanism, the top of the lower mold is provided with the upper mold, the sliding block mechanism is slidably connected in the upper mold, the pouring pipe is fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of the top of the upper mold, the left end of the pouring pipe is fixedly connected with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a flow sensor, and the control mechanism is fixedly connected to the lower outer wall of the pouring pipe, the sliding block mechanism is arranged, the first knocking block is driven by the second knocking block to knock the bottom of the sliding block body, micro-vibration is applied to the double-material joint surface, the vibration is matched with the molten state of the material, the molecular diffusion is improved, and the melt wettability of the double-material interface is improved, the compensation mechanism is arranged, the gap is compensated by the memory alloy, the mold closing precision is improved, and the melt leakage and air gap formation are prevented.

The invention discloses a bottom gas material and preparation and application thereof, and relates to the field of gas storage. The bottom gas material comprises a gas-repellent nano material, a surfactant and carbon dioxide. The bottom gas material has the beneficial effects of density regulation and improvement, remarkable diffusion inhibition, excellent dynamic adaptability and the like, and can solve the problems of easiness in molecular diffusion, low density gradient, poor dynamic stability and the like of an existing bottom gas material of a gas storage.

A device includes a porous substrate and a multilayer film. The porous substrate has a pore structure configured to allow hydrogen molecules to diffuse through the porous substrate. The multilayer film is configured to split hydrogen molecules into at least one of hydrogen atoms or protons in response to contacting the hydrogen molecules in the gas stream. The multilayer film is configured to allow passage of hydrogen atoms or protons through the multilayer film while blocking passage of larger compounds than hydrogen molecules that may be present in the gas stream. The hydrogen atoms or protons bind after passing through the multilayer film to reform hydrogen molecules. The multilayer film includes a first metal layer, an intermediate layer, and a second metal layer.

The integrated microfluidic detection chip comprises a liquid conveying channel, the upper end and the lower end of the liquid conveying channel are each provided with an inlet, the center position of the side end of the liquid conveying channel is communicated with a mixing channel, the other end of the mixing channel is communicated with a flow velocity difference channel, and the flow velocity difference channel is communicated with a flow velocity sensor. An electrode detection disc is arranged on the side face of the flow velocity difference channel in a communicating mode, and a circular barrier is fixedly arranged in the electrode detection disc. Compared with a traditional detection chip, the integrated microfluidic detection chip based on dual-channel flow velocity difference vortex enhancement has the following remarkable advantages: a breakthrough in mass transfer limit is achieved: through multiple physical coupling of dual-channel flow velocity difference, incident angle optimization and a circular barrier, substance transmission is converted from single molecule diffusion to active vortex driving; the bottleneck that mass transfer of a microfluidic system is limited is solved, and in-situ dynamic refreshing of a detection interface is realized by an automatically generated discrete sample injection mode.

The application discloses a high-temperature heat-stable two-dimensional field effect transistor and a preparation method, and mainly solves the problem that two-dimensional materials in the two-dimensional field effect transistor are oxidized and decomposed at high temperature. The two-dimensional field effect transistor comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate (1), an insulating encapsulation protection bottom layer (2), a two-dimensional material thin film layer (3), an insulating encapsulation protection top layer (6), a gate electrode (7), source electrodes (4) and drain electrodes (5) at two ends of the thin film layer (3), and the encapsulation protection bottom layer and the encapsulation protection top layer are both made of any one or a plurality of combinations of aluminum nitride, hexagonal boron nitride or silicon nitride, so that oxygen molecules in air are prevented from diffusing to the two-dimensional material thin film layer to react at high temperature, and the two-dimensional material thin film layer plays a role in high-temperature protection; the two-dimensional material thin film layer is made of molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide or tungsten diselenide. The two-dimensional field effect transistor has improved high-temperature resistance, and the oxidation and decomposition of the two-dimensional material at high temperature are avoided, and the two-dimensional field effect transistor can be used in aerospace, deep well drilling or other high-temperature environments.

This invention discloses a method for distinguishing and quantifying the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanism of CO2 huff and puff in unconventional oil reservoirs, relating to the field of oil and gas extraction technology. The method is based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments to determine the T2 spectrum and one-dimensional frequency coding of saturated oil cores. By analyzing the T2 spectrum and one-dimensional frequency coding of saturated oil cores, the CO2 huff and puff recovery rate and the effective CO2 reach distance are calculated. Based on the experimental data, a component model is established and calibrated to fit the experimental recovery rate and effective CO2 reach distance, thereby distinguishing and quantifying the EOR mechanism at different stages of CO2 huff and puff. This method can accurately classify the enhanced oil recovery mechanism during CO2 huff and puff into oil expansion, oil molecule diffusion, elastic energy release, and dissolved gas drive, effectively identifying the main controlling mechanism of CO2 huff and puff enhancement, providing a basis for optimizing field operations.

This invention discloses a sea urchin-shaped oxygen-rich vacancy O vac This paper describes a CuO@ZIF-8 core-shell structured photothermal catalyst, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the fields of photocatalytic materials and artificial nitrogen fixation technology. The technical solution is as follows: the catalyst has a core-shell structure, with the core being urchin-shaped copper oxide (CuO) microspheres. These microspheres are assembled from radially arranged one-dimensional nanoneedles or nanospikes, and the surface of the core contains oxygen vacancies (O). vac The shell is an in-situ grown ultrathin zeolite imidazole ester framework material, ZIF-8, which possesses hydrophobic and molecular diffusion channel properties. This invention also constructs a matching biomimetic three-phase interface photothermal reaction system. Through the synergy of a hydrophilic substrate supplying water and a hydrophobic, permeable shell, it achieves a balance between gas diffusion and proton supply, reducing the submersion of active sites by liquid water and the occurrence of side reactions. This invention has significant advantages such as high photothermal conversion efficiency, mild preparation conditions, and high gas-liquid interface mass transfer efficiency.

This invention discloses a method for calculating gas-gas diffusion concentration distribution considering the influence of gravity, relating to the field of oil and gas field development. This method introduces a gravity drift velocity term generated by density difference into the traditional diffusion equation, realizing a unified characterization of molecular diffusion and gravity differentiation. It constructs a dynamic mass transfer model applicable to multi-temperature, multi-pressure, and multi-component conditions, which is used to calculate the concentration distribution and corresponding dynamic diffusion coefficient of injected gas and formation gas during the vertical diffusion process. This provides a more consistent calculation basis for predicting the migration front and distribution pattern of injected gas, optimizing gas injection parameters, and assessing gas channeling risk. It has applicable value for improving the recovery rate and the operational safety of gas storage facilities.

The invention discloses a method for distinguishing and quantifying an unconventional oil reservoir CO2 huff and puff recovery ratio improving mechanism, and relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas extraction. According to the method, a saturated oil core T2 spectrum and a one-dimensional frequency code are measured on the basis of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment, and the CO2 huff and puff recovery ratio and the CO2 effective action distance are calculated by analyzing the saturated oil core T2 spectrum and the one-dimensional frequency code; a component model is established and calibrated based on experimental data so as to fit the recovery ratio and the CO2 effective action distance in the experiment, and then EOR mechanisms of different CO2 huff and puff stages are distinguished and quantified. According to the method, the yield increasing mechanism in the CO2 huff and puff process can be accurately divided into oil expansion, oil molecule diffusion, elastic energy release and dissolved gas drive, the main control mechanism of CO2 huff and puff yield increasing can be effectively judged, and a basis is provided for optimization of field operation.

This utility model discloses a dehumidification device, comprising: a processing air duct, on which N stages of dehumidification rotors are sequentially arranged; the thickness of each dehumidification rotor is m, where M = m·N, N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, and M is the target total thickness of the rotor; the final stage dehumidification rotor is a three-zone dehumidification rotor, and the ratio of the central angles of the regeneration zone, pre-cooling zone, and dehumidification zone of the three-zone dehumidification rotor is [1:1:3, 1:1:10]. This utility model's dehumidification device, by setting graded thin dehumidification rotors, breaks down traditional thick rotors into multi-stage thin dehumidification rotors (target total thickness of the rotors). The thin dehumidification rotors shorten the diffusion path of water molecules, allowing heat to penetrate the material layer more easily during regeneration, thus solving the problem of incomplete regeneration caused by excessively thick single rotors.

The invention relates to a deoxyribozyme binding arm, a kit, a biosensor and a nucleic acid detection method. The deoxyribozyme binding arm is of an annular structure and comprises a catalytic core A sequence of deoxyribozyme, a monomer amplicon recognition region, a sequence of a fragment containing a detection probe and a deoxyribozyme substrate recognition region; wherein the catalytic core part sequence of the deoxyribozyme comprises a part of sequence in any one of 8-17 type deoxyribozyme, E6 type deoxyribozyme or 10-23 type deoxyribozyme. The invention provides a deoxyribozyme binding arm and a multifunctional DNA nano-machine obtained by combining the deoxyribozyme binding arms, which integrate cutting enhanced rolling circle amplification, self-cutting DNAzyme and rolling circle amplification technologies, construct a self-cascade amplification nano-machine, and can perform molecular signal amplification on the existence of a formulated sequence. The system exhibits an increase in cascade reaction efficiency due to the minimization of the number of independent molecular diffusion / collision events.

The present application belongs to the field of gas sensing technology, and relates to a hydrogen sensor, and provides a humidity gain film of a molybdenum trioxide hydrogen sensor, which is used for solving the problems of slow response time and sensitivity decline of the existing hydrogen sensor caused by the influence of environmental humidity, and is jointly formed with a palladium-based hydrogen-sensitive film and a substrate to form the hydrogen sensor. Through the design of a thermal evaporation process, a molybdenum trioxide film with a thickness of 2-10 nm and a non-continuous nano-island structure on the surface is successfully deposited on the surface of the palladium-based hydrogen-sensitive film to serve as the humidity gain film. Through the unique reverse hydrogen release effect of the molybdenum trioxide film in a humidity environment, hydrogen atoms are accelerated to contact the active sites on the surface of the palladium film, and the influence of water molecules on the response speed of the palladium-based hydrogen sensor is weakened, that is, while allowing hydrogen molecules to diffuse through to the surface of the palladium-based hydrogen-sensitive film, the diffusion of water molecules is inhibited on the surface of the humidity gain film, and finally the target of rapid detection of hydrogen leakage in a humidity environment is achieved.

The present disclosure relates to an ANA-structure faujasite zeolite and a preparation method thereof, a unit cell chemical formula of the ANA-structure faujasite zeolite being |Na x |[Si y Al z O 96 ] wherein x = 6-15, y = 30-37, and z = 10-16; the ANA-structure faujasite zeolite has a spherical crystal morphology. The ANA-structure faujasite zeolite of the present disclosure has a spherical crystal morphology and exhibits excellent molecular diffusion performance, and has good application prospects in the fields of small molecule acid catalytic reactions, small molecule gas adsorption separation, ion adsorption purification, and the like.

The present disclosure relates to a kind of multi-level hole pure silicon molecular sieve and its preparation method and cyclohexanone oxime catalytic reaction method.The multi-level hole pure silicon molecular sieve has the following diffusion coefficient characteristics: with cyclohexane as probe molecule, the diffusion coefficient of the probe molecule in the multi-level hole pure silicon molecular sieve is 0.015-0.02 μm 2 / min, measured by zero-length column method.The present disclosure can effectively improve the molecular diffusion performance of molecular sieve, and when the molecular sieve is used for cyclohexanone oxime gas phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction, the selectivity of caprolactam and the service life of catalyst can be effectively improved.

The application discloses a diffusion coefficient calculation method considering nano confinement effect and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development. The method comprises the following steps: correcting a Peng-Robinson state equation by considering the nano confinement effect; carrying out oil / gas phase balance calculation based on the corrected Peng-Robinson state equation; calculating the molar density of the oil / gas two-phase; and correcting a SIGMUND empirical formula to calculate the diffusion coefficient according to the molar density calculated in the step S3. By means of the above method, the molecular diffusion phenomenon in the dense reservoir such as shale can be accurately described, and the gas injection stimulation and the recovery prediction accuracy are improved.

The invention discloses a molecular dynamics-based alumina membrane filtration analysis method under an ethanol-water system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, establishing an ethanol water solution model and an alumina membrane model; determining boundary conditions; determining an initial parameter and a potential function; a simulation initialization step; a pressure-driven filtering simulation step; a simulation process trajectory data acquisition step; data analysis and visualization processing are carried out. According to the invention, the distribution and intensity of the hydrogen bond network, the molecular diffusion behavior and the alcohol-water cluster change of the ethanol-water system can be observed at the microscopic scale.

The invention discloses a phosphorus oxychloride preparation method based on a flat-plate membrane reactor, and belongs to the technical field of chemical processes and reactors. The reactor comprises a plurality of liquid chamber-gas chamber-liquid chamber functional units which are arranged repeatedly and heat exchange units located between the adjacent functional units, gas-liquid micro-interface contact is achieved through a porous hydrophobic membrane, and oxygen reacts with phosphorus trichloride in a molecular diffusion mode. According to the method, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 70-95 DEG C, the oxygen pressure is controlled to be 0.01-0.05 MPa, and the heat exchange medium is combined for circulating heat transfer, so that efficient utilization of oxygen is realized, and the reaction process is mild and controllable. The continuous operation of 3-5 reactors connected in series is supported, the oxygen utilization rate can be remarkably improved, the raw material consumption is reduced, the product purity is improved, continuous production is supported, and the method is suitable for large-scale synthesis of phosphorus oxychloride.

The present application relates to the technical field of chemical material storage stability simulation, in particular to a carbonic acid ethylene storage stability simulation method based on digital twinning, aiming to solve the problem that traditional evaluation cannot deeply couple dynamic factors such as moisture penetration, temperature and humidity change and product accumulation, cannot accurately restore the moisture gradient balance and product accumulation law in the container, and is difficult to predict the evolution of key quality indicators and failure boundaries, by constructing a digital twinning body basic model containing molecular structure and hydrolysis kinetics parameters, embedding dynamic moisture adsorption and reaction kinetics modules, calculating parameters such as moisture diffusion and penetration rate, integrating temperature and humidity sensor data, forming feedback by coupling heat and mass transfer and reaction kinetics equations, outputting stability attenuation risk index, predicting acid value, moisture content, color evolution trend and identifying failure threshold, and iteratively correcting model parameters combined with actual detection data to improve simulation accuracy.

This invention discloses a nanomaterial interface strengthening treatment device, belonging to the technical field of nanomaterial processing equipment. It includes a treatment box with a transverse lead screw moving mechanism located on the inner top side. This nanomaterial interface strengthening treatment device integrates a transverse lead screw moving mechanism, a longitudinal lead screw moving mechanism, a first electric push rod, and an infrared ranging sensor. Combined with an angle adjustment structure driven by a first servo motor, it achieves precise three-dimensional spatial movement and angle adaptation of the low-temperature plasma treatment nozzle. By combining an ultrasonic plasma composite strengthening design, it simultaneously leverages the interface cleaning and activity enhancement functions of low-temperature plasma with the molecular diffusion strengthening effect of ultrasound. This solves the problems of existing nanomaterial interface treatment devices that often employ a single treatment method, resulting in poor local interface strengthening effects on the workpiece, and can only achieve a single function, failing to simultaneously improve interface activity and strengthen bonding strength.

The present application relates to the technical field of fused deposition manufacturing, and discloses a heterogeneous material manufacturing method with an interfacial staggered overlapping structure. By setting the staggered overlapping interfacial structure, in the process of additive manufacturing of heterogeneous materials, the stress concentration phenomenon of the traditional continuous interface is broken by using the staggered arrangement strategy of the interfacial line of adjacent layers, the interfacial stress is dispersed and transmitted along the three-dimensional direction, and the interfacial bonding strength is strengthened from the geometric structure. At the same time, the active penetration and remelting of material B to material A at the interface are realized through the material rewriting mechanism, the peeling failure risk of the interfacial line caused by insufficient molecular diffusion is avoided, the interfacial staggered amount and the rewriting amount are cooperatively controlled, the definite process constraint boundary is established, the defects of overmelting or weak penetration of materials are prevented, the adaptability of the internal material region and the interfacial transition of heterogeneous materials is ensured, the process fluctuation is reduced, the repeatability of the manufacturing process is improved, and the fatigue resistance and structural bearing capacity of the interfacial line of heterogeneous materials are improved.

The invention relates to a finite field convection-dispersion model composite solution and parameter inversion method under instantaneous source excitation, which comprises the following steps: establishing a one-dimensional finite length convection-dispersion mathematical model, carrying out dimensionless processing by selecting dimensionless factors such as Peclet number and dimensionless concentration, obtaining a frequency domain solution through Laplace transformation, and carrying out parameter inversion on the frequency domain solution. Adopting a Stehfest algorithm to realize Laplacian numerical inverse transformation to obtain a semi-analytical solution; combining COMSOL software to obtain a numerical solution of a dimensionless definite solution problem, and constructing a standard curve database containing multiple groups of parameters according to a semi-analytical solution; based on a one-dimensional indoor convection-dispersion test, an LTC three-parameter probe is used for real-time monitoring, according to a conductivity value, dimensionless concentration measured data is obtained, and accurate inversion calculation of a permeability coefficient, a longitudinal dispersion coefficient, a molecular diffusion coefficient, an average linear velocity, longitudinal dispersion and effective porosity is realized through a wiring method. According to the method, the parameter identification precision of the one-dimensional finite field convection-dispersion test under instantaneous source excitation is effectively improved.

The utility model relates to a kind of plate-fin heat exchanger suitable for two-phase flow, including equipment component, the rear side of equipment component is provided with disturbing component, disturbing component is matched with auxiliary assembly, it is solved that the means of prior art is limited in the aspect of strengthening gas-liquid two-phase flow disturbance, its internal disturbance is insufficient, heat and mass transfer between gas and liquid mainly rely on molecular diffusion, process is slow and the problem of low efficiency, the scheme is by setting disturbing component in the rear side of equipment component, the matching horizontal plate on vertical support plate will be inserted oblique rod accurately positioned between two groups of heat exchange pipe fittings, when airflow in two-phase flow flows through the area, the unique design of side fan blade on the outer end of inserted oblique rod, by its inclination angle and distribution mode, airflow is carried out multi-angle blocking and guiding, significantly increase the contact area and contact angle of airflow and fluid in opening groove, promote the heat transfer between gas-liquid two-phase flow more fully.

The invention provides a gradient heat preservation layer capable of being used for a molten salt pipeline and a preparation method and application of the gradient heat preservation layer. The preparation method of the gradient heat preservation layer comprises the following steps that S1, inner-layer rubber compound is prepared; s2, preparing an outer layer rubber compound; s3, superposing the inner-layer rubber compound on the outer-layer rubber compound to form composite boron-silicon rubber; lamination gaps of the composite boron-silicon rubber are eliminated by utilizing the solvation effect and the molecular diffusion effect of supercritical gas, and gradient pre-curing is performed under the directional induction of a gradient temperature field, so that the internal pre-curing degree of the composite boron-silicon rubber presents continuous gradient change along the thickness direction; a continuous gradient porous structure is constructed in the subsequent physical foaming process, and the gradient heat preservation layer is obtained; the gradient thermal insulation layer is prepared by the preparation method of the gradient thermal insulation layer, and is applied to the fields of photo-thermal power stations, petrochemical engineering or central heating. The scheme effectively reduces the heat conduction efficiency, reduces the heat loss of the fused salt pipeline, and improves the heat exchange efficiency of the fused salt energy storage system.

The utility model relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and discloses a biofilm reactor sewage treatment device which comprises a net cage and filler arranged in the net cage, plants are planted in the filler, the bottom end of the net cage is connected with a biofilm, a floating bottle is arranged outside the net cage, and the floating bottle is connected with the biofilm. The biological membrane is used for providing attachment points for microorganisms, and when sewage flows to the biological treatment area, the microorganisms passing through the biological membrane can be transferred to the surface of the biological membrane from a sewage main body through the molecular diffusion effect. Microorganisms in the biological membrane take the organic pollutants as nutrient sources and decompose and reduce the eutrophication degree of a water body through own metabolic activity, and meanwhile, the device can float on the water surface in a semi-fixed state through buoyancy provided by the floating bottle, so that the position can be adjusted at any time according to sewage distribution, and the treatment efficiency is improved.

Provided is a gas sensor element or the like in which the diffusion mode of NOx that reaches a measurement electrode is changed from molecular diffusion to a mode of diffusing while repeatedly colliding with a wall face of a sufficiently narrow flow path. In a gas sensor element according to one aspect of the invention, a porous diffusion layer, which accounts for 70% or more of a cross-section of a flow path of a measurement target gas that is orthogonal to a flow direction of the measurement target gas, has a porosity of 5% or more and 25% or less, and is located at a position that is upstream of the measurement electrode and where the distance to the measurement electrode is 0.15 mm or less.