73 results about "Drift velocity" patented technology

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, having an interim reduced-oxygen Cu-Zn alloy thin film (30) electroplated on a blanket Cu surface (20) disposed in a via (6) by electroplating, using an electroplating apparatus, the Cu surface (20) in a unique chemical solution containing salts of Zn and Cu, their complexing agents, a pH adjuster, and surfactants; and annealing the interim electroplated Cu-Zn alloy thin film (30); filling the via (6) with further Cu (26); annealing and planarizing the interconnect structure (35); and a semiconductor device thereby formed. The reduction of electromigration in copper interconnect lines (35) is achieved by decreasing the drift velocity in the copper line (35) / via (6), thereby decreasing the copper migration rate as well as the void formation rate, by using an interim conformal Cu-rich Cu-Zn alloy thin film (30) electroplated on a Cu surface (20) from a stable chemical solution, and by controlling the Zn-doping thereof, which improves also interconnect reliability and corrosion resistance.

The invention discloses an autonomous formation flight control method for satellites. Formation flight control is carried out through relative orbit mean elements, and due to the fact that a long-term trend of relative movement between the satellites is accurately reflected through the relative orbit mean elements, long-term changes of the relative movement can be well controlled with the method. The autonomous formation flight control method is characterized in that a mean semi-major axis difference control strategy in an orbital plane is designed, the mode that control targets are set in a partitioned mode is adopted, and it is guaranteed that the drift speeds within control zones are low; when outside the control zones, the control targets can return to the control zones at high speeds. According to the autonomous formation flight control method, due to the mode that small-pulse air injecting is used for orbit control multiple times, and a momentum wheel is used for posture control, influences of posture air injection control on orbits are reduced, and the orbit control execution accuracy is improved.

The invention discloses a SiC-based MOSFET (metal-oxide -semiconductor field effect transistor) oxysensible sensor for an automobile engine and a manufacturing method thereof. Silicon carbide material with the excellent characteristics of wide energy gap, high breakdown electric field, high electron saturated drifting velocity, high heat conductivity and the like is used as a P-type substrate of an N-type channel MOSFET, thereby meeting the requirement of high-temperature working. In the MOSFET structure, a layer of oxysensible film material (such as YSZ: yttria stabilized zirconia) grows on an original gate oxide layer, wherein metal Pt is adopted as a metal gate electrode, and the channel of a MOSFET type oxysensible sensor can be a surface channel and an embedded channel. In the sensor, the change of oxygen concentration can be converted into the change of capacitance of the gate oxide layer in unit area, thereby causing the change of a threshold voltage. Besides, the invention also discloses a method for manufacturing the MOSFET type oxysensible sensor.

An ice thickness / drifting velocity observation of sea ice by using an ice thickness measurement sonar and a current meter moored into the sea and a sea ice observation by a high-resolution airborne SAR are synchronously performed, a correlation between a draft profile of sea ice passing over the sonar and an SAR backscattering coefficient profile is calculated, and an ice draft of desired sea ice is calculated from the relational expression and an SAR backscattering coefficient. As the SAR backscattering coefficient, a backscattering coefficient of L-band HV polarization may be used. A backscattering coefficient of X-band VV polarization is preferably used as the SAR backscattering coefficient to detect thin ice having a thickness of not more than approximately 10 cm.

The invention discloses an automatic compensation method for static drift of a sight line of a stabilized photoelectric sight system, and belongs to the field of automatic control. The method comprises the steps that an automatic tracking control loop is disconnected under a small view field of a sight tool of the stabilized photoelectric sight system; the tracking displacement deviation is counted in a certain period; the drift velocity of the sight line is calculated by using a least square curve fitting algorithm; the drift velocity is converted into corresponding control voltage; a gyro stabilization loop is reversely added to compensate drift motion; and a servo control system is controlled by a timer to automatically and repeatedly execute the operation until the drift velocity is less than a specified threshold. The method is achieved by completely adopting a software algorithm, solves the problems of slow manual drift compensation and low compensation accuracy, is simple in algorithm and high in portability, and is suitable for drift compensation of the sight line of the existing on-board stabilized photoelectric sight system.

The invention discloses a gallium-nitride-based heterostructure field effect transistor with composite barrier layers. The composite barrier layers are formed by AlInGaN material with different polarization intensities. When the AlInGaN composite barrier layer with low polarization intensity is located at a grid drain terminal, the density of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of the channel below the barrier layer is smaller than that of the 2DEG at other positions of the channel drain terminal, an LDD structure is formed, and the electric field distribution of the channel is modulated to increase voltage endurance capability; when the AlInGaN composite barrier layer with low polarization intensity is located right below a grid, a below-grid gallium nitride (GaN) channel guide strip bottom is distributed in a stepped manner, the drift speed of a below-grid channel carrier is increased due to barrier descending, electric field peak is generated between AlInGaN composite barrier layer with two different elemental components, and more potential is distributed at the grid drain terminal instead of the whole grid to restrain drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL).

A manual controller commands a telescope mount to automatically track a specific bright star after the image of the star is located to center of an electronic eyepiece and a timer is started. The average moving speed of the bright star is calculated after a predetermined elapsed time to acquire the right ascension (RA) and the declination (DEC) coordinates of this bright star. Subsequently, the RA and DEC coordinates are compared with pre-stored data contained within a database used to identify the bright star. The celestial sphere coordinates of the telescope can be determined after a minimum of one bright star is identified. In the auto-tracking procedure, the manual controller controls movement of telescope by feedbacks of the drifting speed and direction of the specific bright star in an electronic eyepiece for the purpose of keeping the specific bright star in the center of the electronic eyepiece.

The invention discloses a uni-travelling carrier photoelectric detector and a manufacturing method thereof. The photoelectric detector comprises a substrate, an epitaxial layer and an electrode, and is characterized in that the epitaxial layer comprises an aggregation layer, a cliff layer, a conducting layer, an absorption layer and a barrier layer which are successively superimposed, the absorption layer adopts gradient doped InGaAs, and the barrier layer adopts AlxIn<1-x>As, wherein 0<x<1. According to the invention, the material AlxIn<1-x>As is adopted to act as the barrier layer and the aggregation layer; and the conducting layer InGaAlAs with gradually changing components is adopted to smooth a band gap between InGaAs and InAlAs, so that lattice matching is realized, the dislocation density at a heterogeneous interface is reduced, aggregation of electrons at the heterogeneous interface is prevented, and the drift velocity of the electrons is accelerated. Meanwhile, the doping concentration of the aggregation layer changes in a gradient manner, so that a space charge effect is effectively weakened on the one hand, the thermal power consumption of the device is reduced, and the saturated output current of the device is improved; and one the other hand, a velocity overshoot effect is effectively weakened, and small voltage-dependent bandwidth and better linear response can be acquired.

A method for fast and accurate recognition of species contained in trace amounts in complex mixtures such as ambient air or biological fluids is taught based on the use in tandem of one or several differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) and possibly also a mass spectrometer (MS), all arranged in series. The two DMAs operate in different regions of the ion drag versus drift velocity curve (for instance, linear versus nonlinear regions), hence separating according to more than one independently discriminating parameters of the ion. Very high discrimination can be achieved even with a single stage of mass spectrometric separation by selecting a narrow range of ions with the DMA, and analyzing them in the MS, first without fragmentation, and then with fragmentation. This process does not require necessarily a tandem MS when fragmentation takes place in the inlet region of the MS. Fast and accurate discrimination is possible in single ion monitoring mode (SIM) for a large number of targeted species, even with relatively inexpensive and light single quadrupole MS systems, where the various filters placed in series would open pre-configured narrow windows suitable for passage of each ion in a list.

A method for raising the resolving power, specificity, and peak capacity of conventional ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed. Ions are separated in a dynamic electric field comprising an oscillatory field wave and opposing static field, or at least two counter propagating waves with different parameters (amplitude, profile, frequency, or speed). As the functional dependencies of mean drift velocity on the ion mobility in a wave and static field or in unequal waves differ, only single species is equilibrated while others drift in either direction and are mobility-separated. An ion mobility spectrum over a limited range is then acquired by measuring ion drift times through a fixed distance inside the gas-filled enclosure. The resolving power in the vicinity of equilibrium mobility substantially exceeds that for known traveling-wave or drift-tube IMS separations, with spectra over wider ranges obtainable by stitching multiple segments. The approach also enables low-cutoff, high-cutoff, and bandpass ion mobility filters.

The present invention relates to a novel process for the remote plasma surface treatment of substrate particles at atmospheric pressure. The invention is motivated by the urge to overcome major drawbacks of particle treatment in low pressure plasmas and in-situ particle treatment at atmospheric pressure. The former requires complex and mostly expensive vacuum installations and vacuum locks usually prohibiting continuous processing. Independent of the system pressure, in-situ plasma treatment causes particle charging and therefore undesirable interaction with the electric field of the discharge, which is seen to contribute to the process of reactor clogging. Additionally, the filamentary discharges modes of atmospheric pressure plasmas are inflicted with inhomogeneous surface treatment. Furthermore, short radical lifetimes at elevated pressures complicate a remote plasma treatment approach as widely used in low pressure applications. The key-element of the invention is that by reducing the dimension of the atmospheric discharge arrangement to the micrometer range, transonic flow conditions can be achieved in the discharge zone while maintaining moderate flow rates. The resulting superimposition of high drift velocity in the gas flow and the inherent diffusion movement is to prolong the displacement distance of activated species, thus making a remote plasma treatment of substrate particles feasible and economically interesting. The circumferential arrangement of e.g. micro discharge channels around the treatment zone of variable length allows a remote plasma treatment independently of the discharge mode and benefits additionally from the aerodynamic focusing of a particle-gas stream to the centre, reducing reactor clogging. Furthermore, taking advantage of non-thermal discharges, there is no restriction of the concept of the outlined invention in the material properties of the particulate solids especially not with regard to the treatment of temperature sensitive materials as often encountered in polymer or pharmaceutical industries. In conclusion, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment close to ambient gas temperature as well as continuous processing is a specialty of the invention disclosed here.

A method utilizing thermograph of a tear film for generating a quantified index includes steps of: capturing a set of tear film thermograph data, deriving parameters from the set of tear film thermograph data, and executing a synthesis calculation based on the derived parameters. The parameters include a temperature distribution of each tear film thermograph, a temperature fall tendency of an open-eye tear film during time variation, a type of a tear film break-up and an occurring time of the tear film break-up, and an upward drifting speed of a temperature color block in the tear film thermograph. The parameters represent the quantity of the aqueous volume of the tear and the stability of the tear film for establishing a reliability of an examination of a diagnosis of a dry eye disease without intruding into a testee's eye.

A method for fast and accurate recognition of species contained in trace amounts in complex mixtures such as ambient air or biological fluids is taught based on the use in tandem of one or several differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) and possibly also a mass spectrometer (MS), all arranged in series. The two DMAs operate in different regions of the ion drag versus drift velocity curve (for instance, linear versus nonlinear regions), hence separating according to more than one independently discriminating parameters of the ion. Very high discrimination can be achieved even with a single stage of mass spectrometric separation by selecting a narrow range of ions with the DMA, and analyzing them in the MS, first without fragmentation, and then with fragmentation. This process does not require necessarily a tandem MS when fragmentation takes place in the inlet region of the MS. Fast and accurate discrimination is possible in single ion monitoring mode (SIM) for a large number of targeted species, even with relatively inexpensive and light single quadrupole MS systems, where the various filters placed in series would open pre-configured narrow windows suitable for passage of each ion in a list.

The invention discloses a method for establishing a maritime distress target wind-drift model based on multi-source data. The method comprises the steps that S10, a maritime test range is designed, and a stereo observation network is established; S20, an unpowered floater is released in the range, and the drift velocity of the floater is calculated, wherein power factors of a sea area nearby the floater are continuously tracked and observed in a first time period of a test; S30, multi-source observation data is assimilated, a marine meteorology and power data reanalysis field with a high spatial-temporal resolution in a sea trial area is constructed in combination with a numerical simulation technology, and the wind-caused drift velocity of the maritime floater is decomposed; S40, on the basis of a wind-drift model fitting relation, displacement of the floater per unit time step is simulated, and a genetic algorithm is introduced to perform optimal solving on fitting wind-drift coefficients; and S50, a wind-caused drift forward vector diagram of the floater is drawn, and a relational model of motion characteristics of the maritime floater and maritime wind pressure is obtained. Through the method, continuous tracking and observation on an experiment target during sea trial are avoided, and test difficulty and cost are effectively lowered.

The invention relates to an angle-modulation type real-time on-line offshore oil spill detection system employing a miniature surface plasma resonance technique. The system comprises six parts, namely an optical module, a sensing module, a detection module, a regeneration module, a power supply module and a control module, wherein the optical module adopts a semiconductor laser module and has a relatively large divergence angle to meet the angle control on a light source; the sensing module comprises a prism which is made of a high-refractive index heavy flint glass material and a gold film sensing slide which is made of the same material with the prism; and the detection module is used for collecting an image by virtue of a wireless transmission mode linear array CCD detector and transmitting the image to a computer data collection part of the control module, and carrying out data and image processing. According to the miniature real-time on-line oil spill detection system, detection is carried out mainly aiming at small-area early offshore oil spill which cannot be easily found out; multi-sensor data fusion is realized by system encapsulation positioning and distributed network arrangement; and monitoring on real-time tracking and information display of the oil spill position, drift speed, direction and track are carried out, so that important information is provided for judgment of oil spill places.

A plasma accelerating apparatus and a plasma processing system, which efficiently elevate a drift velocity of a plasma beam and are simple to manufacture and simple in construction. A channel includes an outlet port opening at an end of the channel. A gas supply portion supplies a gas in the channel. A plasma generator provides ionization energy to the gas in the channel to generate a plasma beam. A plasma accelerating portion includes a plurality of grids transversely arranged spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the channel for accelerating the plasma beam generated by the plasma generator to the outlet port of the channel with an electric field. The plasma accelerating apparatus and the plasma processing system elevate a drift velocity of the plasma beam more efficiently than conventional accelerating apparatuses that use an electromagnetic force induced by a magnetic field and a secondary current.

The invention discloses a method for separating and preparing 5'-nucleic acid with simulated moving bed. The method adopts simulated moving bed system and nanofiltration combining technique to separate four mixed 5'-nucleic acid, namely that pumping enzyme-hydrolysis cleaning fluid containing four mixed 5'-nucleic acid into simulated moving bed system filled with cationic ion-exchange resin to adsorb, eluting with deionized water, controlling drift velocity of nucleic acid in every domain to make corresponding domain exit individually drop off four mononucleotide solution; switching import and export position of every domain of simulated moving bed to switch every domain according to liquid flow direction and original line sequence, repeating the said steps to make corresponding domain exit individually drop off four mononucleotide solution, circulating up-and-down in this way; synchronously thickening and desalting the ion exchange elute of the obtained four mononucleotide solution with nanofiltration film, and obtaining the products by crystallization and dehumidification. The invention can perform continuous segregation, the product fineness is high, the investment is small, the cost is low, and so it can be produced with full scale.

The invention discloses a gallium-nitride-based heterojunction field effect transistor with a combined gate dielectric layer. The gallium-nitride-based heterojunction field effect transistor sequentially and mainly comprises a substrate, a gallium nitride buffering layer, a gallium nitride channel layer, an aluminum gallium nitrogen barrier layer and the combined gate dielectric layer from bottom to top. A source, a drain and a gate are formed on the barrier layer, wherein the source and the drain are in ohmic contact with the barrier layer, and the gate is in schottky contact with the barrier layer. The combined gate dielectric layer is composed of gate dielectric layer bodies different in dielectric constant. In this way, an electric field peak value is formed on the gate dielectric layer interface of the channel layer, a peak value of the electron drifting speed exists at the portion of the electric field peak value, and the drifting speed of electrons in a whole channel is accordingly increased; meanwhile, due to the gate dielectric layer body with the low dielectric constant, the gate capacitance is reduced, and the frequency characteristic of a device is improved.

A plasma accelerating apparatus and a plasma processing system, which efficiently elevate a drift velocity of a plasma beam and are simple to manufacture and simple in construction. A channel includes an outlet port opening at an end of the channel. A gas supply portion supplies a gas in the channel. A plasma generator provides ionization energy to the gas in the channel to generate a plasma beam. A plasma accelerating portion includes a plurality of grids transversely arranged spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in the channel for accelerating the plasma beam generated by the plasma generator to the outlet port of the channel with an electric field. The plasma accelerating apparatus and the plasma processing system elevate a drift velocity of the plasma beam more efficiently than conventional accelerating apparatuses that use an electromagnetic force induced by a magnetic field and a secondary current.

Systems and methods for detecting onset, presence, and progression of particular states, including intoxication, include observing eye movements of a subject and correlating the observed movements to known baseline neurophysiological indicators of intoxication. A detection system may record eye movement data from a user, compare the eye movement data to a data model comprising threshold eye movement data samples, and from the comparison make a determination whether or not intoxication or impairment is present. The detection system may alert the user to take corrective action if onset or presence of a dangerous condition is detected. The eye movements detected include saccadic and intersaccadic parameters such as intersaccadic drift velocity. Measurements may be collected in situ with a field testing device. An interactive application may be provided on a user device to provoke the desired eye movements during recording.

A method for presenting the current drift values of an aircraft on a display device in which the drift values are presented in a vector presentation. The length of the drift vector above a predefined threshold value is presented in a manner proportional to the current drift velocity, and the length of the drift vector below the threshold value is presented in a manner disproportionate to the current drift velocity. There is a continuous transition between the two ways of presentation at the threshold value.

Systems and methods for detecting deceptive intent of a subject include observing eye movements of the subject and correlating the observed movements to known baseline neurophysiological indicators of deception. A detection system may record eye movement data from the subject, compare the eye movement data to a data model comprising threshold eye movement data samples, and from the comparison make a determination whether or not the subject is lying. The detection system may create an alert if deception is detected. The eye movements detected include saccadic and intersaccadic parameters such as intersaccadic drift velocity. Measurements may be collected in situ with a field testing device, such as a non-invasive, non-contact device attached to the subject's computing device and configured to non-obtrusively record the eye movement data.

The present invention with a structure of depletion region improves the product of output power and bandwidth of a photodetector and prevents the drifting velocity of electron from slowing down under a bias, which can be applied to a photodetector of communicative wavelength over optical fiber.

A p-type transparent conductive oxide and a solar cell containing the p-type transparent conducting oxide, wherein the p-type transparent conductive oxide includes a molybdenum trioxide doped with an element having less than six valence electrons, the element is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, group III elements, group IV, group V, transition elements and their combinations. Doping an element having less than six valence electron results in hole number increase, and thus increasing the hole drift velocity, and making Fermi level closer to the range of p-type materials. Hence, a p-type transparent conductive material is generated. This p-type transparent conducting oxide not only has high electron hole drift velocity, low resistivity, but also reaches a transmittance of 88% in the visible wavelength range, and therefore it is very suitable to be used in solar cells.

Systems and methods for detecting onset, presence, and progression of particular states, including hypoxia, include observing eye movements of a subject to and correlating the observed movements to known baseline or hypoxic conditions. A detection system may record eye movement data from a user, compare the eye movement data to a data model comprising threshold eye movement data samples, and from the comparison make a determination whether or not hypoxia, fatigue, or other detrimental conditions are present. The detection system may alert the user to take corrective action if onset or presence of a dangerous condition is detected. The eye movements detected include saccadic and intersaccadic parameters such as intersaccadic drift velocity. Measurements may be collected in situ while the subject is performing normal duties, processed to determine indicators of detrimental conditions, and reported to the subject within a few seconds.

The invention discloses a mid-latitude ionized layer detection method based on a high-frequency ground wave radar. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, according to an echo RD spectrum ofa high-frequency ground wave radar under an FMPCW system, estimating the electron concentration of an ionospheric irregular body through a function relationship that the echo power of the ionosphericirregular body is in direct proportion to the electron concentration of the ionospheric irregular body in combination with an IRI model or a vertical measuring instrument; step 2, estimating the plasma frequency of the ionospheric irregular body according to the electron concentration estimation of the ionospheric irregular body; and step 3, according to the RD spectrum of the high-frequency ground wave radar echo, estimating a refraction index of the high-frequency ground wave radar echo through the ionospheric irregular body plasma frequency estimation value, and then correcting an irregular Doppler frequency shift to realize estimation and variance estimation of the irregular body drift speed along the radial direction of the radar. The ionospheric detection function is added to the existing high-frequency ground wave radar, and a novel application field of the high-frequency ground wave radar is developed.

The invention discloses a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) controlling method and device and a UAV. The method comprises the steps of: determining that the UAV passively enters into an attitude mode, wherein the UAV is in a hovering self-test state after the UAV enters into the attitude mode; detecting whether the drift speed of the UAV is greater than or equal to a preset drift speed threshold valueor not; if yes, generating a virtual nose, wherein the orientation of the virtual nose faces away from a control terminal and is located on the connecting line of the UAV and the control terminal; and controlling the direction of the UAV according to the orientation of the virtual nose and control commands of the control terminal. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that whenthe UAV passively enters into the attitude mode and the drift speed of the UAV is greater than or equal to the preset drift speed threshold value, the virtual nose is generated and the target flightdirection of the UAV is controlled according to the orientation of the virtual nose, so that the problem that under the circumstance of urgent danger prevention, a controller cannot take the physicalnose orientation into account and subconsciously gives wrong control commands according to the own direction-sense to avoid the danger is avoided and the safety of the flight is increased.

A manual controller commands a telescope mount to automatically track a specific bright star after the image of the star is located to center of an electronic eyepiece and a timer is started. The average moving speed of the bright star is calculated after a predetermined elapsed time to acquire the right ascension (RA) and the declination (DEC) coordinates of this bright star. Subsequently, the RA and DEC coordinates are compared with pre-stored data contained within a database used to identify the bright star. The celestial sphere coordinates of the telescope can be determined after a minimum of one bright star is identified. In the auto-tracking procedure, the manual controller controls movement of telescope by feedbacks of the drifting speed and direction of the specific bright star in an electronic eyepiece for the purpose of keeping the specific bright star in the center of the electronic eyepiece.