101 results about "Valence electron" patented technology

A method of using a metal complex as an n-dopant for doping an organic semiconducting matrix material in order to alter the latter's electrical characteristics is provided. In order to provide n-doped organic semiconductors with matrix materials having a low reduction potential, while achieving high conductivities, the n-dopant is a neutral electron-rich metal complex with a neutral or charged transition metal atom as a central atom and having at least 16 valence electrons. The complex can be polynuclear and can possess at least one metal-metal bond. At least one ligand can form a π complex with the central atom, which can be a bridge ligand, or it can contain at least one carbanion-carbon atom or a divalent atom. Methods for providing the novel n-dopants are provided.

A high-speed, high-resolution, broadband dynamic infrared scene generator based on semiconductor transducer conversion of visible spectrum scene images into infrared spectrum images. Wavelength conversion is accomplished in the semiconductor material through absorption of visible spectrum energy by valence electrons in a subsurface layer of the semiconductor material and photogeneration by valence band to conduction band electron transfer occurring within about one diffusion length of the semiconductor material surface. The semiconductor material used, for example Germanium or Silicon provides a band gap energy value that is smaller than the quantum energy level of the optical emission. Temperature of the semiconductor material may be maintained at a selected level above or below that of the infrared scene. Infrared images of higher frequency content than are achievable with conventional thermal heating infrared converters are accomplished. The invention thus includes down conversion of visible generated light in order to develop a semiconductor pixel-less Dynamic Infrared Scene Projector capable of simulating high-speed broadband IR scenery.

An organic electroluminescence element comprising: a pair of electrodes, and a light emitting layer provided between the pair of electrodes, the layer comprising a light-emitting-layer material, a first dopant and a second dopant that satisfy the following relations,

EV0>EV1 and EV0>EV2  (A)

EC0≧EC2  (B)

EG0>EG1 and EG0>EG2  (C)

wherein EV0, EV1 and EV2 are the valence electron levels of the light-emitting-layer material, the first dopant and the second dopant, respectively; EC0 and EC2 are the conduction levels of the light-emitting-layer material and the second dopant, respectively; and EG0, EG1 and EG2 are the energy gaps of the light-emitting-layer material, the first dopant and the second dopant, respectively.

A magnetic sensor for measuring a magnetic field using an optical pumping method includes a first gas in which a valence electron is composed of an odd number of atoms or ions, a probe light incidence device which causes first probe light including straight polarized light to be incident on the first gas, a second gas in which a valence electron arranged on an optical path of second probe light that is the first probe light transmitted through the first gas is composed of an odd number of atoms or ions, a pumping light incidence device which causes first pumping light including first circular polarized light to be incident on the first gas and second pumping light including second circular polarized light to be incident on the second gas, and a detector which detects a rotation angle of a polarization plane of the first probe light and a polarization plane of third probe light that is the second probe light transmitted through the second gas.

The invention relates to a high-specific-strength high-plasticity refractory high-entropy alloy and a preparing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal materials. The expression isVaNbbZrcTidMeNfPg, wherein M, N, P can be the elements such as Cr, Al, Ni, Fe, Si, O, B, C, and N; a is no less than 15% and no more than 20%, b is no less than 15% and no more than 25%, c is no lessthan 30% and no more than 50%, d is no more than 30% and no less than 50%, e is no less than 0 and no more than 5%, f is no less than 0 and no more than 5%, g is no less than 0 and no more than 5%, and the sum of a, b, c, d, e, f and g is 100%; and meanwhile, the valence electron concentration VEC of the alloy is no less than 4.1 and no more than 4.4, and the atomic radius size difference Delta is no less than 5.5% and no more than 6.4%. The alloy is prepared by various methods, the density of the VaNbbZrcTidMeNfPg alloy is less than 6.5 g*cm<-3>, the room temperature tensile strength is morethan 900 MPa, the plastic deformation is more than 15%, and the high specific strength and high plasticity are achieved; and after the temperature is increased to 600 DEG C, the weakening of the material is not very obvious, after the temperature is increased to 800 DEG C, the material can still maintain a certain strength, and the alloy has a certain storage ability for H2 and can be used in thefield of energy materials.

The invention discloses a hexabasic high-entropy alloy material. The hexabasic high-entropy alloy material is prepared from, by atomic percent, 18.18%-22.22% of Co, 18.18%-22.22% of Cr, 9.1%-11.12% of Cu, 18.18%-22.22% of Fe, 18.18%-22.22% of Ni and 2.17%-18.18% of Ti, wherein the element Ti has the large atomic radius, and the severe lattice distortion effect of the element Ti can effectively enhance a solid solution phase. In addition, the element Ti has the small valence electron concentration and tends to form a compound phase, and therefore the precipitation enhancing function is achieved. An obtained hexabasic CoCrCu0.5FeNiTi0.5 high-entropy alloy has high strength and plasticity, wherein the yield strength is 850 MPa, the compressive strength reaches 1,650 MPa, and meanwhile the plasticity reaches 31.5%. The alloy has good strength and plasticity cooperation, and a preparation method is simple and reliable. The invention further discloses the preparation method of the hexabasic high-entropy alloy material.

A solid electrolytic capacitor that comprises an anode, a dielectric layer overlying the anode; and a cathode that contains a solid electrolyte layer overlying the dielectric layer. The anode comprises a porous, sintered body that defines a surface. The body is treated so that the surface contains a non-metallic element having a ground state electron configuration that includes five or more valence electrons at an energy level of three or more (e.g., phosphorous).

A carbon nanotube which exhibits ferromagnetism without a ferromagnetic metal imparted thereto and also has high thermal stability is provided. The carbon nanotube is characterized by being doped with nitrogen (which differs from carbon in valence electron) such that the doped nitrogen is segregated in a strip form at one end of the carbon nanotube. The thus doped nitrogen causes the carbon nanotube to have a difference in electron density and to exhibit ferromagnetism. The present invention makes it possible to provide a carbon nanotube exhibiting ferromagnetism without the necessity of imparting any magnetic metal thereto.

Magnetic thin film having high spin polarizability and a magnetoresistance effect device and a magnetic device using the same, provided with a substrate (2) and Co₂MGa_1-xAl_x thin film (3) formed on the substrate (2), the Co₂MGa_1-xAl_x thin film (3) has a L2₁ or B2 single phase structure, M of the thin film is either one or two or more of Ti, V, Mo, W, Cr, Mn, and Fe, an average valence electron concentration Z in M is 5.5≦Z≦7.5, and 0≦x≦0.7, shows ferromagnetism at room temperature, and can attain high spin polarizability. A buffer layer (4) may be inserted between the substrate (2) and the Co₂Fe_xCr_1-xAl thin film (3). The tunnel magnetoresistance effect device and the giant magnetoresistance effect device using this magnetic thin film can attain large TMR and GMR at room temperature under the low magnetic field.

The invention relates to an environmentally-friendly denitration catalyst which has the expression formula of CeMoGeFeOx, wherein the molar ratio among all the elements Ce, Mo, Ge and Fe is (0.40-0.65):(0.05-0.23):(0.05-0.10):(0.50-0.02), and x is confirmed by balancing positive and negative valence electrons of all atoms. A preparation method of the environmentally-friendly denitration catalyst comprises the following steps of: step 1, dissolving cerous nitrate and ammonium molybdate into water, adding a cosolvent into the solution to form a transparent solution, then dissolving germanium oxide and ferric nitrate into water, evenly stirring and then mixing; step 2, adding ammonium carbonate solution into the mixed solution dropwise and stirring to obtain slurry; step 3, putting the slurry into a centrifugal machine for centrifuge; and step 4, drying and roasting the cleaned precipitate to obtain the environmentally-friendly denitration catalyst. The environmentally-friendly denitration catalyst has the purification efficiency for the nitric oxide reaching up to 65-100% at the temperature of 200-450 DEG C; and the environmentally-friendly denitration catalyst is environmentally-friendly and free from toxic effects, and has good performances of resisting SO2 toxication and molysite class fly ash inactivation.

The invention provides a cerium-tin composite oxide denitration catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst has the following chemical composition of Ce<1-x>SnxOa, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.01 but smaller than or equal to 0.1; a is determined by positive and negative valence electron balance. The composite oxide denitration catalyst is prepared by ahydro-thermal method; through the addition of the trace Sn, the obvious cooperated effect is achieved between Ce and Sn in the catalyst, so that the advantages of high denitration activity, strong water-resistant and sulfur-resistant performance and the like are realized. The prepared cerium and tin composite oxide denitration catalyst has the advantages that when the air speed is 12,8000h<-1>, in a range being 300 to 450 DEG C, the purification efficiency of nitrogen oxide (NOx) reaches 81 to 98 percent; the denitration catalyst can be used for purifying the NOx in the fixed source smoke gasand diesel engined car tail gas; wide application prospects are realized.

The invention discloses a simulation method for removing the hydrogen impurity in an n-type phosphorus doping diamond film. According to time dependent density functional theory and the molecular dynamics theory, the first principle and molecular dynamics calculation is conducted on an n n-type phosphorus doping diamond film model, photon absorption, valence electron transition and chemical bond breakage in the model are simulated under a laser field and a temperature field, and the method for removing the hydrogen element impurity in the n-type phosphorus doping diamond film is further provided. The strength, the frequency and the range value of the temperature of femtosecond lasers which can break phosphorus and hydrogen bonds and remove the hydrogen impurity are calculated.

An electrically conductive thin film including: a material including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and having a layered crystal structure,

Me_mA_a   Chemical Formula 1

wherein Me is Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, A is S, Se, Te, or a combination thereof, and m and a each are independently a number selected so that the compound of Chemical Formula 1 is neutral; and

• • a dopant disposed in the compound of Chemical Formula 1, wherein the dopant is a metal dopant that is different from Me and has an oxidation state which is greater than an oxidation state of Me, a non-metal dopant having a greater number of valence electrons than a number of valence electrons of A in Chemical Formula 1, or a combination thereof, and wherein the compound of Chemical Formula 1 includes a chemical bond which includes a valence electron of an s orbital of Me.

An electrolytic capacitor that comprises an anode body formed from a powder comprising electrically conductive ceramic particles and a non-metallic element in an amount of about 100 parts per million or more is provided in one embodiment of the invention. The non-metallic element has a ground state electron configuration that includes five valence electrons at an energy level of three or more. Examples of such elements include, for instance, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, and so forth. The capacitor also comprises a dielectric layer overlying the anode body and an electrolyte layer overlying the dielectric layer.

The invention discloses a method for achieving magnetic-field-induced metamagnetic martensite phase change in MnCoGe-based alloy. The method specifically comprises the steps that the proportion of Co and Mn is adjusted, alloy components are designed, the concentration e/a of valence electrons of the alloy is increased, the instability of the atomic magnetic moment of Mn is increased, and therefore the sensitivity degree of the magnetic structure phase change to a magnetic field is improved, and the magnetic-field-induced metamagnetic martensite phase change is obtained. The method is simple, convenient, low in energy consumption, low in preparation cost and suitable for industrial production, and the prepared MnCoGe-based alloy has the magnetic-field-induced metamagnetic martensite phase change and excellent magnetic property.

A p-type transparent conductive oxide and a solar cell containing the p-type transparent conducting oxide, wherein the p-type transparent conductive oxide includes a molybdenum trioxide doped with an element having less than six valence electrons, the element is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, group III elements, group IV, group V, transition elements and their combinations. Doping an element having less than six valence electron results in hole number increase, and thus increasing the hole drift velocity, and making Fermi level closer to the range of p-type materials. Hence, a p-type transparent conductive material is generated. This p-type transparent conducting oxide not only has high electron hole drift velocity, low resistivity, but also reaches a transmittance of 88% in the visible wavelength range, and therefore it is very suitable to be used in solar cells.

A multicomponent carbide has at least five transition metals, and a valence electron concentration (VEC) is greater 8.80 electrons. Preferred off-equiatomic multicomponent carbides have five transition metals and a VEC of more than 8.80. Preferred equiatomic multicomponent carbides have five transition metals and a VEC of 9.00 or greater. The valence electron configuration is important for its relationship to the mechanical properties of carbides. Since carbon forms four bonds, when there are more than four valence electrons available from the metals, there are excess electrons in the system. This increases metallic character of bonding and therefore allows for more ductility and higher toughness.

The invention discloses a calculation method and device for a molecular ionization collision cross-section. On the basis of a DM formula, the calculation level of quantum chemistry is determined, andan optimal method for a specific system is proposed. The method comprises the steps that S1, modeling is performed on a molecular structure, and quantum chemistry calculation is utilized to solve a self-consistent field equation to obtain an optimal structure of molecules; S2, wave function analysis is performed on the optimal structure of the molecules through a Hartree-Fock method, a Mulliken population of the molecules is obtained, and energy of each molecular orbit is determined; S3, weight values of the molecular orbits composed of all valence electrons are acquired; and S4, the ionization collision cross-section of the molecules is obtained through calculation by use of a preset first formula and a preset second formula.

The invention discloses a method for realizing giant negative thermal expansion of a wide temperature area in a MnCoGe base alloy, and belongs to the technical field of negative thermal expansion of MnCoGe base alloys. The method uses Co, Fe or Ni for replacing Mn to increase the valence electron concentration e/a; specific components Mn1-xCo1+xGe are designed, wherein c is not more than 0.15 andnot less than 0.01; the martensite phase change temperature of the alloy is lowered; the martensite phase change is coupled with the magnetic phase change to generate first-grade magnetic structure phase change at room temperature; and the method comprises the following steps: (S1) burdening is performed; (S2) arc smelting is performed to obtain Mn1-xCo1+xGe sample ingots; and (S3) aftertreatmentis performed on the Mn1-xCo1+xGe sample ingots obtained in the step (S2) to obtain Mn1-xCo1+xGe powder. The method is simple in preparation and low in cost; and obtained MnCoGe base alloy samples achieve negative thermal expansion of the wide temperature area near the room temperature.

The invention discloses a screening method of oil soluble grapheme. The method consists of: mixing graphene, base oil and a dispersant into a uniform solution, then putting the solution in a wall breaking machine to perform processing, subjecting the processed solution to centrifugal separation to remove the sediment so as to obtain a suspension. Compared with submerged graphene, the graphene in the separated suspension can be easier to remove surface valence electrons, i.e. better realizing uniform dispersion with an oil solvent. The method disclosed by the invention can screen out oil soluble graphene capable of removing surface valence electrons, and provides an important raw material preparation process for the graphene lubricating oil preparation field.