333 results about "Accelerated particle" patented technology

The invention concerns a device (10) for regulating the intensity of a beam extracted from a particle accelerator, such as a cyclotron, used for example for protontherapy, said particles being generated from an ion source. The invention is characterized in that it comprises at least: a comparator (90) determining a difference ε between a digital signal IR representing the intensity of the beam measured at the output of the accelerator and a setpoint value IC of the beam intensity: a Smith predictor (80) which determines on the basis of the difference ε, a correct value of the intensity of the beam IP; an inverted correspondence table (40) supplying, on the basis of the corrected value of the intensity of the beam IP, a setpoint value IA for supply arc current from the ion source (20).

A biomarker generator system for producing approximately one (1) unit dose of a biomarker. The biomarker generator system includes a small, low-power particle accelerator (“micro-accelerator”) and a radiochemical synthesis subsystem having at least one microreactor and / or microfluidic chip. The micro-accelerator is provided for producing approximately one (1) unit dose of a radioactive substance, such as a substance that emits positrons. The radiochemical synthesis subsystem is provided for receiving the radioactive substance, for receiving at least one reagent, and for synthesizing the approximately one (1) unit dose of a biomarker.

A device for varying the energy of a particle beam extracted from a fixed-energy particle accelerator includes a block of energy degrading material positioned in the path of the particle beam. The block of energy degrading material is preferably in the form of a ring arranged on a wheel. The ring is of a staircase configuration, having discrete steps defining a thickness between parallel entry and exit faces. According to one aspect of the invention, the block is configured so that the particle beam energy variation reaches a maximum at the edges of each step. This upper limit is also the lower limit of the next step. Thus, continuous energy variation is possible despite the fact that the thickness of the block varies in discrete steps.

The invention relates to a Cu-Al2O3 nanometer dispersion strengthening alloy and preparation thereof. The preparation includes the steps of Cu-Al alloy vacuum smelting, pulverizing, screening, internal oxidizing, hydrogen reducing, vacuum hot pressing, canned hot extruding, etc. Comparing with oxygen-free copper, sigma of the alloy of the invention is 2 to 6 times higher that of the oxygen-free copper, the anti-annealing softening temperature is up to over 900 DEG C, the conductivity is up to 96% IACA and more. The process of the invention is simple, the prepared Cu-Al2O3 nanometer dispersion strengthening alloy has high strength, high conductivity, electrical conductivity higher than 96% IACA, and is anti-annealing and antimagnetic. The alloy can not only used for large-scale integrated circuit lead frame, manufacturing of controlled thermonuclear reaction heat sink components, and is expecially suitable for manufacturing of microwave tube grid mesh, inertial instrument sensor, particle accelerator and other high-precise parts.

The present invention provides a method for controlling nonlinear control problems within particle accelerators. This method involves first utilizing software tools to identify variable inputs and controlled variables associated with the particle accelerator, wherein at least one variable input parameter is a controlled variable. This software tool is further operable to determine relationships between the variable inputs and controlled variables. A control system that provides variable inputs to and acts on controller outputs from the software tools tunes one or more manipulated variables to achieve a desired controlled variable, which in the case of a particle accelerator may be realized as a more efficient collision.

The invention relates to a premixed and pumped heavy concrete which comprises 80-93 parts by weight of heavy aggregate, 6-15 parts by weight of cement materials, 2-5 parts by weight of water, less than 0.4 part by weight of concrete additive and less than 0.01 part by weight of function regulator. The apparent density of the concrete is more than 3500kg / m<3>, the mixture has no phenomena of lamination and segregation, and the concrete has good cohesion and plasticity protection, thereby being applicable to long-distance pumping. The concrete selects a high-performance concrete admixture and can avoid the occurrence of cracks of the large-volume concrete caused by hydration heat of cement. The concrete is applicable to an anti-radiation heavy concrete engineering with the thickness of morethan 1500mm. The concrete can be widely used in shielding places of nuclear reactors, medical particle accelerators, customs inspection, scientific research laboratories and other applications of therelated nuclear industry and the radioactive isotope technology.

This invention relates to radiofrequency (rf) cavities and couplers that comprise metallic or dielectric rods to provide specified concentration of field patterns for the operating modes in the interaction region, for applications in particle accelerators, pulsed rf power sources, amplifiers, mode converters and power couplers.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to the use of a particle accelerator beam to form thin films of material from a bulk substrate. In particular embodiments, a bulk substrate having a top surface is exposed to a beam of accelerated particles. Then, a thin film of material is separated from the bulk substrate by performing a controlled cleaving process along a cleave region formed by particles implanted from the beam. To improve uniformity of depth of implantation, channeling effects are reduced by one or more techniques. In one technique, a miscut bulk substrate is subjected to the implantation, such that the lattice of the substrate is offset at an angle relative to the impinging particle beam. According to another technique, the substrate is tilted at an angle relative to the impinging particle beam. In still another technique, the substrate is subjected to a dithering motion during the implantation. These techniques may be employed alone or in combination.

A slot resonance coupled, linear standing wave particle accelerator. The accelerator includes a series of resonant accelerator cavities positioned along a beam line, which are connected by resonant azimuthal slots formed in interior walls separating adjacent cavities. At least some of the slots are resonant at a frequency comparable to the resonant frequency of the cavities. The resonant slots are offset from the axis of the accelerator and have a major dimension extending in a direction transverse to the radial direction with respect to the accelerator axis. The off-axis resonant slots function to magnetically couple adjacent cavities of the accelerator while also advancing the phase difference between the standing wave in adjacent cavities by 180 degrees in addition to the 180 degree phase difference resulting from coupling of the standing wave in each cavity with the adjacent slot, such that the signals in each cavity are in phase with one another and each cavity functions as a live accelerating cavity. The resonance frequency of the slot is the comparable to the resonance frequency of the cavities, resulting in coupling of the cavities while also eliminating the need for side-cavity or other off-axis coupling cavities.

The invention is directed to a novel foil for use as an entrance window foil during the production of [18F] by irradiation of [18O] using a particle accelerator. The foil is a high strength cobalt based alloy foil, thin film coated with an inert and refractory metal such as niobium.

A closure (10) for shielding, and selectively providing access to, the targeting assembly of a particle accelerator of a radioisotope production system. The closure (10) includes at least one, and in one embodiment, first and second doors (44, 46), for selectively covering an opening in the housing of the particle accelerator which provides access to the targeting assembly. A door mounting assembly is also provided for mounting the first and second doors (44, 46) on the housing of the particle accelerator. In one embodiment the door mounting assembly includes a frame (30) for being secured about the opening in the particle accelerator accessing the targeting assembly. Further, in one embodiment the frame (30) and first and second doors (44, 46) are fabricated of copper.

The present invention relates to a pulsed beam particle accelerator which can be used for particle radiation therapy. More particular, a device and method are provided to control the number of particles within a beam pulse. The particle accelerator comprises means for varying the number of particles within each beam pulse of said pulsed ion beam from a minimum value to a maximum value as function of the value of a beam control parameter. For each particle irradiation the required number of particles for each beam pulse is controlled by defining a value for said beam control parameter based on calibration data.

A particle accelerator system for producing a charged particle beam having pulses of charged particles that have different energy levels from pulse to pulse. The system enables independent adjustment of the RF power delivered to first and second accelerating sections thereof without adjustment of the RF power generated by an RF source. Such independent adjustment enables the RF power provided to the first accelerating section to be maintained at a level appropriate for optimal particle capturing therein and for producing a tightly bunched beam of particles having different energy levels from pulse to pulse, while enabling the RF power provided to the second accelerating section to be varied in order to vary the energy levels of the charged particles of the charged particle beam from pulse to pulse.

The invention relates to a method for measuring a particle accelerator beam position. The method for measuring the particle accelerator beam position includes: step S1, sampling N electrode signals of N electrodes of a stripe beam position probe through N channels when the beam passes through the probe; step S2, making up an M*N matrix X for the N electrode signals, and analyzing the principal components of the matrix X; step S3, calculating to obtain beam signal induction amplitudes which are corresponding to the N electrodes one by one, and outputting the N beam signal induction amplitudes through the N channels; step S4, comparing the N beam signal induction amplitudes output from the N channels and calculating to obtain a position signal of the beam. According to the method for measuring the particle accelerator beam position, the electrode signals of the electrode probes are formed into the matrix and are processed simultaneously through a principal component analysis method, and accordingly the noise of each electrode signal is eliminated effectively, and the beam position measuring precision is effectively improved.

A particle accelerator including an electrical field system and a magnetic field system that are configured to direct charged particles along a desired path within an acceleration chamber. The particle accelerator also includes a mechanical device that is located within the acceleration chamber. The mechanical device is configured to be selectively moved to different positions within the acceleration chamber. The particle accelerator also includes an electromechanical (EM) motor having a connector component and piezoelectric elements that are operatively coupled to the connector component. The connector component is operatively attached to the mechanical device. The EM motor drives the connector component when the piezoelectric elements are activated thereby moving the mechanical device.

The system for irradiating patients with charged particles includes a raster scanning irradiation unit with a particle accelerator, a beam guide unit, and a 3D scanning system. It also contains a therapy planning system for generating therapy planning data, which include the energy and number of charged particles per raster point in each layer as derived from the derived dose distribution; a therapy control system, which converts the planning data generated by the therapy planning system into irradiation data and irradiation commands for the particle accelerator, the beam guide unit, and the 3D scanning system. The system further has a plurality of safety devices for ensuring that the therapy planning data have been converted correctly and for verifying the functionality of the system. The plurality of safety devices includes an evaluation unit, which checks the irradiation data and irradiation commands supplied by the therapy control system to the 3D scanning system to verify their therapy-specific plausibility.

The invention belongs to the technical field of particle accelerators and particularly relates to manufacture of a radio frequency superconductor cavity. A manufacturing method of the superconductor cavity mainly comprises the following steps: (1) using superconductor materials as raw materials, (2) utilizing CAD software to generate a superconductor cavity model, and adopting layering software to layer the superconductor cavity model, (3) using an atmosphere control system to provide argon for a forming chamber, (4) laying powder of superconductor materials in the step (1) on a forming table of the forming chamber, (5) using a scanning control system to print laser energy onto a powder layer according to the description of a software model of a superconductor cavity slicing layer so as to generate a superconductor material slicing layer entity. The entity is a part of the superconductor cavity. A next slicing layer is processed continually on the first slicing layer entity until the whole superconductor cavity processing process is finished. Finally, mechanical polishing, chemical washing, high-temperature annealing, high-pressure super-pure water washing and super-clean chamber assembly are conducted. The method shortens the development cycle of the superconductor cavity, improves the finished product rate of the development of the superconductor cavity due to the fact that the whole superconductor cavity is free of welding joints, is free of restriction of stamping forming conditions and capable of improving the performance of the superconductor cavity, and reduces product cost due to the fact that surplus superconductor material powder can be used repeatedly.

The present invention relates to a pulsed beam particle accelerator which can be used for particle radiation therapy. More particular, a device and method are provided to control the number of particles within a beam pulse. The particle accelerator comprises means for varying the number of particles within each beam pulse of said pulsed ion beam from a minimum value to a maximum value as function of the value of a beam control parameter. For each particle irradiation the required number of particles for each beam pulse is controlled by defining a value for said beam control parameter based on calibration data.

An ion therapy system comprises a particle accelerator (1) mounted on a rotatable gantry (2). The particle accelerator includes a superconducting coil (17) which rotates about its axis as the particle accelerator rotates about the gantry axis in use to direct an output beam towards a target from different directions. The particle accelerator is rotatable through (180) degrees to move the beam through a corresponding arc. The particle accelerator includes cooling system arranged to cool the coil as the coil rotates. The superconducting coil (17) is mounted in a coil support (25). The coil is surrounded by a cryogen chamber (32) which is located radially outwardly from the coil (17) on the other side of the support (25). The cryogen chamber is in fluid communication with a cryogen recondensing unit (29) whereby vaporized cryogen may flow from the cryogen chamber (32) to the cryogen recondensing unit (29) to be recondensed in use before returning to the cryogen chamber. Thermally conductive means (40) is arranged to facilitate heat transfer from the superconducting coil (17) to the cryogen chamber (32) to vaporize cryogen contained therein in use and thereby remove heat from the coil.

A particle accelerator including an electrical field system and a magnetic field system that are configured to direct a particle beam of charged particles along a designated path within an acceleration chamber. The particle accelerator also includes a foil holder having a beam window and a positioning slot that at least partially surrounds the beam window. The positioning slot is dimensioned to hold an extraction foil such that the extraction foil extends across the beam window and into the path of the charged particles. The positioning slot is defined by interior reference surfaces that face the extraction foil and retain the extraction foil within the positioning slot. The reference surfaces permit the extraction foil to move relative to the reference surfaces when the particle beam is incident on the extraction foil.

A particle accelerator device structured and arranged for use in a subterranean environment. The particle accelerator device comprising: one or more resonant Photonic Band Gap (PBG) cavity, the one or more resonant PBG cavity is capable of providing localized, resonant electro-magnetic (EM) fields so as to one of accelerate, focus or steer particle beams of one of a plurality of electrons or a plurality of ions. Further, the particle accelerator device may provide for the one or more resonant PBG cavity to include a geometry and one or more material that is optimized in terms of RF power losses, wherein the optimization provides for a PBG cavity quality factor significantly higher than that of an equivalent normally conducting pill-box cavity.

A closure (10) for shielding, and selectively providing access to, the targeting assembly of a particle accelerator of a radioisotope production system. The closure (10) includes at least one, and in one embodiment, first and second doors (44, 46), for selectively covering an opening in the housing of the particle accelerator which provides access to the targeting assembly. A door mounting assembly is also provided for mounting the first and second doors (44, 46) on the housing of the particle accelerator. In one embodiment the door mounting assembly includes a frame (30) for being secured about the opening in the particle accelerator accessing the targeting assembly. Further, in one embodiment the frame (30) and first and second doors (44, 46) are fabricated of copper.

The present invention provides a method for controlling nonlinear control problems within particle accelerators. This method involves first utilizing software tools to identify variable inputs and controlled variables associated with the particle accelerator, wherein at least one variable input parameter is a controlled variable. This software tool is further operable to determine relationships between the variable inputs and controlled variables. A control system that provides variable inputs to and acts on controller outputs from the software tools tunes one or more manipulated variables to achieve a desired controlled variable, which in the case of a particle accelerator may be realized as a more efficient collision.

A radiocactive waste containing medium is circulated within two or more systems (1,2,3) separated from each other flowtechnically; and the circulated radioactive waste is exposed to neutron radiations of different energy spectrum in each system by operating a reactor physically united entirety of irradiated sections of the said systems as a nuclear reactor or an accelerator driven subcritical system. Each system (1,2,3) has a heat exchanger (9,10) and, in given cases, a circulating pump (10,21) and an expansion tank (5,16,27). The disclosed apparatus has two or more reactor regions (1,2,3) separated from each other by partitions (37,38) and, preferably, arranged coaxially within a reactor space encircled by a common shell structure (39). A particle beam (45) produced by a particle accelerator is preferably directed into the innermost reactor region (3).

The invention relates to a composite ceramic resistor and a manufacture method thereof, belonging to the field of power electronics. The manufacture method of the composite ceramic resistor is suitable for a breaker switch-on resistor, a high-pressure pulse line, a laser, a particle accelerator, and the like. The composite ceramic resistor is manufactured by adopting bauxite, kaolin, talc powder and carbon as main materials through ball-milling, mixing with water and a binding agent, rotting, curing, granulating, compression moulding for forming a raw blank, sintering and metal electrode coating. The composite ceramic resistor comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50-70 percent of bauxite, 10-40 percent of kaolin, 1-10 percent of talc powder, 1-15 percent of carbon, 1-3 percent of binding agent and 4-8 percent of water.

An example particle accelerator includes a coil to provide a magnetic field to a cavity; a particle source to provide a plasma column to the cavity; a voltage source to provide a radio frequency (RF) voltage to the cavity to accelerate particles from the plasma column, where the magnetic field causes particles accelerated from the plasma column to move orbitally within the cavity; an enclosure containing an extraction channel to receive the particles accelerated from the plasma column and to output the received particles from the cavity; and a structure arranged proximate to the extraction channel to change an energy level of the received particles.

An improved biomarker generator and a method suitable for efficiently producing short lived radiopharmaceuticals in quantities on the order of a unit dose. The improved biomarker generator includes a particle accelerator and a radiopharmaceutical micro-synthesis system. The micro-accelerator of the improved biomarker generator is optimized for producing radioisotopes useful in synthesizing radiopharmaceuticals in quantities on the order of one unit dose allowing for significant reductions in size, power requirements, and weight when compared to conventional radiopharmaceutical cyclotrons. The radiopharmaceutical micro-synthesis system of the improved biomarker generator is a small volume chemical synthesis system comprising a microreactor and / or a microfluidic chip and optimized for synthesizing the radiopharmaceutical in quantities on the order of one unit dose allowing for significant reductions in the quantity of radioisotope required and the processing time when compared to conventional radiopharmaceutical processing systems.

The invention provides a method for inhibiting a metal surface SEY (Secondary Electron Yield) by utilizing a regular array structure. The regular array structure is realized by utilizing an image photolithography process of a semiconductor device field. A typical array structure can adopt a circular hole or a rectangular groove structure; and the size of the structure ranges from several microns to dozens of microns. The shape of the regular array structure is determined by a designed mask, and the depth / width ratio of a regular trap is determined by etching time. Under the condition of the same depth / width ratio and porosity, the inhibiting effect of a circular hole trap surface SEY is better than that of a rectangular groove trap surface; with the regard to the same array structure, the porosity is greater when the depth / width ratio is greater, and the SEY inhibiting effect is better. The technology disclosed by the invention has the potential application value on inhibiting a micro-discharging effect of a metal microwave part in a satellite load and a particle accelerator, namely the surface SEY is reduced through a surface imaged photolithography under the precondition of not changing a surface metal material of the part, so that the micro-discharging effect can be inhibited in a greater extent. Meanwhile, the technology is also applicable to various special application fields needing to carry out metal surface SEY inhibition, such as a traveling wave tube collection electrode and the like; and the method has certain universality.