Half-wave oscillator antenna device based on reflection cavity structure and adjusting method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a half-wave oscillator antenna device based on a reflection cavity structure and an adjusting method thereof, the device comprises a copper-clad plate reflection cavity, a half-wave oscillator antenna, a microstrip feeder line, a copper-clad plate, an SMA interface and a reflection cavity bottom surface, the copper-clad plate reflection cavity is connected with the peripheral edge of the reflection cavity bottom surface to form a semi-closed cavity with an opening facing one side; the bottom surface of the reflection cavity is provided with a through hole matched with the SMA interface, one side of the copper-clad plate is connected with the bottom surface of the reflection cavity, the half-wave oscillator antenna and the microstrip feeder line are both arranged on the surface of the copper-clad plate, and one end of the half-wave oscillator antenna is connected with the SMA interface through the microstrip feeder line. Compared with the prior art, the antenna has the advantages that the structure is simple, wave beams can be more concentrated under the condition that the bandwidth of the antenna is not affected, and therefore the high-gain effect of the antenna is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication antennas, and in particular to a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflection cavity structure and an adjustment method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Antennas play a crucial role in wireless communication systems, and their performance directly impacts the system's transmission and reception quality. With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and demand, the requirements for antenna performance are also increasing. Among the many antenna performance indicators, gain is one of the most important considerations during the design process, as it directly affects the signal propagation distance. To achieve greater gain, the common approach is to use multiple antenna elements in an array. However, this approach can increase design complexity and cost.

[0003] A half-wave dipole antenna, also known as a half-wavelength antenna, consists of two conductors of equal length, each approximately one-quarter the wavelength of the transmitted signal. These two conductors typically extend along the same straight line and may be connected by a shared connection point or separated by a certain distance. The design of a half-wave dipole antenna is based on the principle of half-wavelength resonance in electromagnetic theory. Half-wave dipole antennas are simple and easy to manufacture, offering wide radiation bandwidth, high radiation efficiency, and good directivity. Due to their relatively simple structure and excellent performance, half-wave dipole antennas are widely used in wireless communication systems, broadcast systems, radar systems, and other fields, including wireless local area networks, cellular mobile communication systems, and satellite communication systems.

[0004] However, half-wave dipole antennas also have many disadvantages, including: large physical size, which makes them difficult to install, especially in low frequency bands; low gain; narrow bandwidth and limited applicable frequency range; poor directivity, usually omnidirectional radiation, and sensitivity to electromagnetic interference; and they are easily affected by the ground or surrounding environment, especially when they are close to the ground, where the radiation pattern and gain may be impaired. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure and an adjustment method thereof in order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art half-wave dipole antenna in terms of low gain and poor directivity.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure includes a copper-clad plate reflective cavity, a half-wave dipole antenna, a microstrip feeder, a copper-clad plate, an SMA interface, and a reflective cavity bottom surface. The copper-clad plate reflective cavity is connected to the four edges of the reflective cavity bottom surface to form a semi-enclosed cavity open to one side.

[0008] The bottom surface of the reflection cavity is provided with a through hole that matches the SMA interface, one side of the copper clad board is connected to the bottom surface of the reflection cavity, the half-wave dipole antenna and the microstrip feed line are both arranged on the surface of the copper clad board, and one end of the half-wave dipole antenna is connected to the SMA interface through the microstrip feed line.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the reflection cavity is polygonal in shape.

[0010] Furthermore, the SMA interface is arranged at the midpoint of one of the diagonals of the bottom surface of the reflection cavity, and the half-wave dipole antenna is vertically connected to one of the diagonals of the bottom surface of the reflection cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the copper-clad laminate reflective cavity includes a plurality of reflective cavity walls connected in sequence, and each reflective cavity wall is respectively connected to one side of the bottom surface of the reflective cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the reflection cavity is a quadrilateral shape, and the reflection cavity wall is a quadrilateral structure;

[0013] Alternatively, the bottom surface of the reflection cavity is hexagonal, and the reflection cavity wall is a trapezoidal structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper surface of the bottom surface of the reflection cavity is covered with a copper layer, and the inner wall of the copper-clad board reflection cavity is covered with a copper layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the half-wave dipole antenna and the microstrip feed line are both made of copper.

[0016] Furthermore, the half-wave dipole antenna is located on the end side of the copper-clad plate away from the bottom surface of the reflection cavity and is parallel to the bottom surface of the reflection cavity; the microstrip feeding line is located on the central axis of the copper-clad plate.

[0017] Furthermore, a half-wave dipole antenna is provided on each side of the copper clad laminate, and both are connected to the top of the microstrip feed line. The shapes formed by the half-wave dipole antenna and the microstrip feed line on each side are symmetrical along the central axis of the copper clad laminate.

[0018] Furthermore, the connection between the half-wave dipole antenna and the microstrip feed line is chamfered.

[0019] The present invention further provides a method for adjusting the structure of a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0020] By adjusting the size of the bottom surface of the reflection cavity and the length of the half-wave dipole antenna, the resonant frequency of the half-wave dipole antenna device is made to be 1.42 GHz;

[0021] The angle between the reflection cavity wall of the copper-clad laminate reflection cavity and the horizontal plane, as well as the total height of the copper-clad laminate reflection cavity, are adjusted until the half-wave dipole antenna device reaches an optimal working state.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] (1) The present invention provides a matching reflective cavity for the half-wave dipole antenna by providing a copper-clad plate reflective cavity and a reflective cavity bottom surface, thereby combining the reflective cavity antenna with the half-wave dipole antenna. The reflective cavity located behind the half-wave dipole antenna concentrates the radiated energy, improves the gain and directivity, and reduces energy loss in invalid directions. At the same time, the reflective cavity can also suppress sidelobe radiation, reduce interference, and improve communication quality.

[0024] The half-wave dipole antenna device formed after the combination also has a wider bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency, can focus energy more effectively, and enhance the propagation distance and stability of the signal.

[0025] (2) In the present invention, the SMA interface needs to be connected to a coaxial line with matching impedance. The SMA interface is located at the midpoint of the diagonal line of the bottom surface of the reflector cavity, and the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is placed vertically at the diagonal line of the bottom surface of the reflector cavity. The reflector cavity structure achieves high gain performance by optimizing the radiation pattern of the half-wave dipole antenna. Placing the half-wave dipole antenna vertically at the diagonal line of the bottom surface of the reflector cavity can more effectively concentrate the beam. In combination with the reflector cavity and the bottom surface of the reflector cavity, the original radiation energy of the half-wave dipole antenna is concentrated in the direction of the opening of the reflector cavity through reflection, thereby significantly improving the gain performance.

[0026] (3) The present invention is also verified through implementation, and it is concluded that by adding a reflection cavity structure, the gain of the half-wave dipole antenna can be improved without having a significant impact on the relative bandwidth of the antenna, and the half-wave dipole antenna can have good directivity, and the reflection cavity structure is simple and easy to process.

[0027] (4) The target antenna resonant frequency can be obtained by adjusting the size of the bottom surface of the reflection cavity of the half-wave dipole antenna device and the length of the half-wave dipole antenna; then the angle between the reflection wall in the reflection cavity structure and the horizontal plane, as well as the total height of the reflection cavity structure, can be adjusted to optimize the working state of the antenna, making structural adjustment and optimization convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic front view of a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3This is a gain diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna with a hexagonal bottom reflective cavity structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention at a resonant frequency of 1.42 GHz;

[0031] Figure 4 This is an S11 diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna with a quadrilateral bottom reflective cavity structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention at a resonant frequency of 1.42 GHz, where S11 is the return loss after an electromagnetic wave is incident on port 1 and received by port 1;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a gain diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna with a quadrilateral bottom reflective cavity structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention at a resonant frequency of 1.42 GHz. In the figure, Gain Plot is the gain diagram, GainTotal is the total gain, Theta is the angle, and Freq is the frequency.

[0033] In the figure, 1, copper-clad board reflection cavity, 2, half-wave dipole antenna, 3, microstrip feed line, 4, copper-clad board, 5, SMA interface, 6, bottom surface of the reflection cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0035] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0039] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not necessarily mean that a component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0040] A cavity antenna is an antenna designed using the principle of a resonant cavity. Typically, a cavity is a semi-enclosed space whose dimensions and shape allow electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency to resonate within it. This antenna is typically constructed of metal or other conductive materials, with its dimensions and geometry precisely designed to resonate at a specific frequency. The operating principle of a cavity antenna is similar to that of a resonant antenna, both utilizing the resonance of the electromagnetic field within the cavity to generate radiation. This antenna is designed to have high frequency selectivity, as the cavity's dimensions and shape determine its resonant characteristics at a specific frequency. Common applications include radar, communications systems, and antenna arrays, particularly in the microwave and millimeter wave bands. The advantages of cavity antennas include good frequency selectivity, high radiation efficiency, and strong anti-interference capabilities. However, they also have disadvantages such as high manufacturing complexity and large size. These disadvantages can increase manufacturing costs and limit their application in certain scenarios.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure, including a copper-clad plate reflective cavity 1, a half-wave dipole antenna 2, a microstrip feed line 3, a copper-clad plate 4, an SMA interface 5, and a reflective cavity bottom surface 6. The copper-clad plate reflective cavity 1 is connected to the edges of the reflective cavity bottom surface 6 to form a semi-enclosed cavity open to one side.

[0043] The bottom surface 6 of the reflection cavity is provided with a through hole that cooperates with the SMA interface 5. One side of the copper clad board 4 is connected to the bottom surface 6 of the reflection cavity. The half-wave dipole antenna 2 and the microstrip feed line 3 are both arranged on the surface of the copper clad board 4. One end of the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is connected to the SMA interface 5 through the microstrip feed line 3.

[0044] The device consists of a half-wave dipole antenna 2, a microstrip feed line 3, a copper-clad laminate 4, and an SMA connector 5 (SubMiniature version A connector) and a matching reflector cavity. The reflector cavity 1 is constructed from the copper-clad laminate and has a reflector cavity bottom 6. The SMA connector 5 provides lumped port feeding for the antenna, radiating energy from the half-wave dipole antenna 2. The reflector cavity structure, constructed from the copper-clad laminate, then focuses the beam, achieving high gain without compromising the antenna's bandwidth, resonant frequency, or S11 return loss.

[0045] This approach combines a cavity reflector antenna with a half-wave dipole antenna, significantly improving antenna performance. By adding a reflector behind the half-wave dipole antenna, radiated energy is concentrated, improving gain and directivity and reducing energy loss in inefficient directions. Furthermore, the cavity reflector suppresses sidelobe radiation, reducing interference and enhancing communication quality. The combined antenna also boasts wider bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency, enabling more effective energy focus and increasing signal propagation distance and stability.

[0046] The bottom surface 6 of the reflective cavity is polygonal in shape. The copper-clad laminate reflective cavity 1 comprises a plurality of reflective cavity walls connected in sequence, each of which is connected to one side of the bottom surface 6 of the reflective cavity.

[0047] The reflective cavity can be made of single-sided copper-clad plate or metal plate.

[0048] Optionally, the bottom surface 6 of the reflection cavity is a quadrilateral shape, and the reflection cavity wall is a quadrilateral structure; a circular hole is opened at the midpoint of the central axis of the quadrilateral reflection cavity bottom surface 6, and the size of the opening is related to the size of the selected SMA interface 5, and the upper surface of the quadrilateral reflection cavity bottom surface 6 is covered with copper.

[0049] Alternatively, the bottom surface 6 of the reflection cavity is hexagonal in shape, and the wall of the reflection cavity is a trapezoidal structure; a circular hole is opened at the midpoint of the diagonal of the hexagonal reflection cavity bottom surface 6, the size of the opening is related to the size of the selected SMA interface 5, and the upper surface of the hexagonal reflection cavity bottom surface 6 is covered with copper.

[0050] The SMA interface 5 needs to be connected to a coaxial line with matched impedance. Preferably, the SMA interface 5 is arranged at the midpoint of one of the diagonals of the bottom surface 6 of the reflection cavity. In addition, the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is vertically connected to one of the diagonals of the bottom surface 6 of the reflection cavity.

[0051] A circular hole is opened at the diagonal midpoint of the bottom surface 6 of the reflector cavity. The opening size of the circular hole is associated with the size of the selected SMA interface 5.

[0052] Preferably, the upper surface of the reflector cavity bottom surface 6 is covered with a copper layer, and the inner wall of the copper-clad plate reflector cavity 1 is also covered with a copper layer. The half-wave dipole antenna 2 and the microstrip feed line 3 are both made of copper. The dipole antenna substrate of the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is a dielectric material, which in this embodiment is Rogers 5880.

[0053] In this embodiment, the reflective cavity 1 constructed of copper-clad laminate is connected to each trapezoidal reflective wall by welding.

[0054] Preferably, the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is located on the end side of the copper clad plate 4 away from the reflection cavity bottom surface 6 and is parallel to the reflection cavity bottom surface 6 ; the microstrip feed line 3 is located on the central axis of the copper clad plate 4 .

[0055] Preferably, in this embodiment, a half-wave dipole antenna 2 is provided on each side of the copper clad laminate 4, and both are connected to the top end of the microstrip feed line 3. The shape formed by the half-wave dipole antenna 2 and the microstrip feed line 3 on each side is symmetrical with each other along the central axis of the copper clad laminate 4, that is, the positions of the microstrip feed lines 3 on both sides are on the same central axis, and the half-wave dipole antennas 2 on both sides extend in opposite directions.

[0056] In this embodiment, the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is printed on the upper and lower layers of the circuit board and is connected to the SMA interface 5 via a microstrip feed line 3 for impedance matching.

[0057] Preferably, the connection between the half-wave dipole antenna 2 and the microstrip feed line 3 is chamfered to achieve better matching of the antenna.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment provides a method for adjusting the structure of a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure as in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0060] By adjusting the size of the reflection cavity bottom surface 6 and the length of the half-wave dipole antenna 2, the resonant frequency of the half-wave dipole antenna device based on the reflection cavity structure is made to be 1.42 GHz;

[0061] The angle between the reflection cavity wall of the copper-clad laminate reflection cavity 1 and the horizontal plane, as well as the total height of the copper-clad laminate reflection cavity 1, are adjusted until the half-wave dipole antenna device based on the reflection cavity structure reaches an optimal working state.

[0062] like Figure 2As shown, taking the hexagonal reflection cavity structure as an example, by reasonably adjusting the size L3 of the bottom surface of the reflection cavity and the length of the half-wave dipole antenna 2, the resonant frequency of the antenna is made to be 1.42 GHz. Then, the angle θ3 between the trapezoidal reflection wall in the reflection cavity structure and the horizontal plane and the total height H3 of the reflection cavity structure are reasonably adjusted to make the antenna reach the optimal working state.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , it is the gain curve of the half-wave dipole antenna with a hexagonal reflector cavity structure, and its gain is 12.66 dB.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1 , it is an S11 return loss diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna with a quadrilateral reflection cavity structure. It can be seen that the antenna resonant frequency is 1.42 GHz and its relative bandwidth is 17.3%.

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 1 , it is the gain curve of the half-wave dipole antenna with a quadrilateral reflection cavity structure, and its gain is 12.16 dB.

[0066] It can be seen that by adding a reflection cavity structure, the gain of the half-wave dipole antenna can be improved without having a significant impact on the relative bandwidth of the antenna, and the half-wave dipole antenna can have good directivity. In addition, the reflection cavity structure is simple and easy to process.

[0067] The above describes in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concepts of the present invention without inventive effort. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be derived by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation based on the concepts of the present invention and the prior art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure, characterized in that: It comprises a copper-clad plate reflection cavity (1), a half-wave dipole antenna (2), a microstrip feed line (3), a copper-clad plate (4), an SMA interface (5) and a reflection cavity bottom surface (6), wherein the copper-clad plate reflection cavity (1) is connected to the edges of the reflection cavity bottom surface (6) on all sides to form a semi-enclosed cavity that is open to one side; The bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity is provided with a through hole matched with the SMA interface (5); one side of the copper-clad board (4) is connected to the bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity; the half-wave dipole antenna (2) and the microstrip feed line (3) are both arranged on the surface of the copper-clad board (4); one end of the half-wave dipole antenna (2) is connected to the SMA interface (5) via the microstrip feed line (3).

2. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflection cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity is in a polygonal shape.

3. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The SMA interface (5) is arranged at the midpoint of one of the diagonals of the bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity, and the half-wave dipole antenna (2) is vertically connected to one of the diagonals of the bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity.

4. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The copper-clad board reflective cavity (1) comprises a plurality of reflective cavity walls connected in sequence, each reflective cavity wall being connected to one side of the reflective cavity bottom surface (6).

5. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity is in a quadrilateral shape, and the wall of the reflection cavity is in a quadrilateral structure; Alternatively, the bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity is in a hexagonal shape, and the wall of the reflection cavity is in a trapezoidal structure.

6. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity is covered with a copper layer, and the inner wall of the copper-clad board reflection cavity (1) is covered with a copper layer.

7. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The half-wave dipole antenna (2) and the microstrip feed line (3) are both made of copper.

8. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The half-wave dipole antenna (2) is located on one side of the end of the copper-clad plate (4) away from the bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity, and is parallel to the bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity; the microstrip feed line (3) is located on the central axis of the copper-clad plate (4).

9. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: A half-wave dipole antenna (2) is respectively provided on both sides of the copper-clad plate (4), and both are connected to the top of the microstrip feed line (3), and the shapes formed by the half-wave dipole antenna (2) and the microstrip feed line (3) on each side are symmetrical along the central axis of the copper-clad plate (4).

10. A method for adjusting the structure of a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflection cavity structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: By adjusting the size of the bottom surface (6) of the reflection cavity and the length of the half-wave dipole antenna (2), the resonant frequency of the half-wave dipole antenna device is made to be 1.42 GHZ; The angle between the reflection cavity wall of the copper-clad laminate reflection cavity (1) and the horizontal plane, as well as the total height of the copper-clad laminate reflection cavity (1) are adjusted until the half-wave dipole antenna device reaches an optimal working state.

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