Planting method for delaying flowering and fruit setting of citrus

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for delaying flowering and fruit setting of citrus, and belongs to the technical field of citrus planting. The planting method comprises the following steps that S1, autumn shoots are promoted to sprout and mature, before the autumn shoots sprout, existing branches are trimmed, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied, and 0.2-0.4% monopotassium phosphate and 200-300 ml / L paclobutrazol are sprayed after new shoots are self-trimmed; s2, spring shoot germination inhibition: before spring shoot germination, rain sheltering and water control are carried out, and soil drought is kept; s3, sprouting of early summer shoots is promoted, before sprouting of the early summer shoots, existing branches are trimmed, and nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied; s4, fruit retention: spraying a fruit retention agent during the end-flowering period and after the first physiological fruit drop period. The method can delay the maturing and marketing time of citrus, and prolongs the fresh fruit supply period by about 90 days compared with a conventional planting mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of citrus planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for delaying citrus flowering and fruiting. Background Art

[0002] Citrus usually blooms and bears fruit in spring, the fruit swells in summer, and turns color and matures in autumn and winter. The market period is mainly concentrated from mid-September to February of the following year, and the fresh fruit supply period is only 5-6 months. However, citrus in my country is mainly consumed as fresh fruit. At present, the production mainly adopts two methods to extend the supply period of fresh fruit: keeping it on the tree for preservation and storing it for preservation. However, keeping it on the tree can easily cause the fruit to float, dry, and granulate, which reduces the quality. The phenomenon of alternate bearing of the tree is also serious, which affects the yield. Storage and preservation have extremely high requirements for infrastructure equipment and preservation technology. Improper storage can easily cause the fruit to rot, decay, and produce odor, with a very high loss rate. It is rarely used in practice, and there are also fewer citrus varieties suitable for storage and preservation.

[0003] It can be seen that the concentrated time for citrus fruits to mature and go on the market and the short supply period of fresh fruit have become the main reasons for the low economic benefits of the citrus industry and the insufficient demand for fresh citrus fruit consumption by the people. Therefore, a new method is urgently needed to delay the time for citrus fruits to mature and go on the market and extend the supply period of fresh citrus fruit. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a planting method for delaying citrus flowering and fruiting, so as to solve the problem of short supply period of fresh citrus fruits in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a planting method for delaying citrus flowering and fruiting is provided, comprising the following steps: S1. Promote the growth and maturation of autumn shoots: Before the autumn shoots sprout, prune the existing branches and apply nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. After the new shoots are pruned, spray 0.2~0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 200~300 ml / L paclobutrazol; S2. Inhibit spring shoot budding: Before spring shoot budding, take shelter from rain and control water to keep the soil dry; S3. Promote early summer shoot budding: Before early summer shoot budding, existing branches should be pruned and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied; S4. Fruit preservation: Spray fruit preservation agent during the last flowering period and after the first physiological fruit drop period.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: after the existing branches are cut short, the cut part can be stimulated to secrete growth hormone, which promotes the germination of new shoots and is conducive to the uniform growth of new shoots; Paclobutrazol can inhibit the synthesis of gibberellins, and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate can inhibit excessive elongation of branches and promote rapid aging of new shoots. The mature new shoots can photosynthesize, produce and accumulate nutrients, and help complete the physiological differentiation of flower buds. Reducing soil moisture content and keeping the soil dry in spring can stimulate the tree to produce abscisic acid, which inhibits the synthesis and transport of auxin and cell division activity, thereby inhibiting the germination of spring shoots; spraying fruit retainers can inhibit the tree from synthesizing ethylene and abscisic acid, inhibit flower and fruit drop, increase the fruit setting rate, and ensure stable yield; combining the measures of the above stages, the present invention achieves an effective delay in citrus flowering and fruit setting through precise nutrition and water regulation in combination with plant growth regulators, and postpones the fruit maturity period to May of the following year, which not only prolongs the fresh fruit supply period and avoids the concentrated supply period in the market, but also improves the economic value at the same time.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Furthermore, it also includes: S5. Disease and pest prevention: Disease and pest prevention is carried out during the autumn shoot sprouting and maturation, early summer shoot budding growth, and flower and fruit growth and development stages.

[0008] Furthermore, the pruning method described in S1 is moderate pruning, cutting off 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total length of the original branches; the pruning method described in S3 is light pruning, cutting off 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the total length of the original branches.

[0009] Furthermore, the amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer in S1 were 180–350 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 45–100 g of phosphorus fertilizer, and 75–150 g of potassium fertilizer per plant.

[0010] Furthermore, the method of taking shelter from rain in S2 is to cover the ground with film or build a rain shelter.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil moisture content at a depth of 10–60 cm below the ground in S2 ranged from 6% to 10%.

[0012] Furthermore, the amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer in S3 were 117–300 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 27–90 g of phosphorus fertilizer, and 54–110 g of potassium fertilizer per plant.

[0013] Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied in S1 and S3 as soil fertilization, and the soil is covered and watered in time after fertilization.

[0014] Furthermore, in S3, the soil moisture content at a depth of 10 to 60 cm below the ground after soil covering and irrigation was in the range of 17% to 23%.

[0015] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical scheme is: maintaining the soil humidity range of 17% to 23% in summer can not only avoid root rot caused by excessive saturation of soil moisture, but also avoid drought stress, which can improve nutrient absorption efficiency and provide sufficient nutrition for early summer shoot germination and flowering and fruiting.

[0016] Furthermore, the fruit preserving agent includes: 20~40 ml / L gibberellin + 0.2~0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 500~670 mg / L boric acid, or 10~20 mg / L 2,4-D sodium salt + 0.2~0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 500~670 mg / L boric acid.

[0017] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical scheme are: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid can promote fertilization and fruiting, gibberellin and 2,4-D sodium salt can inhibit the formation of abscission layer at the fruit stalk, reduce physiological fruit drop, and increase the fruit setting rate.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention utilizes nutrition and water regulation in different growth stages of citrus in combination with plant growth regulators to delay the flowering and fruiting of citrus in spring to flowering and fruiting in summer under the conventional planting mode, thereby delaying the growth stages of fruit swelling, color change, and maturity as a whole, and extending the fresh fruit supply period from mid-September to February of the following year (about 165 days) to mid-September to May of the following year (about 255 days), which is about 90 days longer than the fresh fruit supply period under the conventional planting mode, thus greatly extending the fresh fruit supply period of citrus.

[0019] 2. The present invention solves the problem of short supply period of fresh citrus fruits directly from the front end of planting, and at the same time effectively avoids the problems of dry granulation of fruits and reduced quality caused by the current tree preservation, alternate bearing of fruit trees, unstable yield and high investment in facilities and equipment, great technical difficulty, serious rot and large loss caused by storage and preservation; in addition, in terms of citrus breeding, it also solves the problem of the difficulty in breeding extremely late-maturing citrus varieties, and the management measures such as disaster prevention and mitigation of the present invention remain unchanged, and have no effect on citrus yield and fruit quality. The method is technically mature, simple and practical, and easy to promote.

[0020] 3. The citrus ripening period of the present invention can be extended to May. From March to May, the temperature in my country gradually warms up, the market demand for citrus consumption is the most vigorous, and no other fruits mature and go on the market in China during this period, so the competitive pressure is small. According to statistics, the average selling price of citrus during this period is as high as 4.0 to 5.5 yuan per catty, which is 2.2 to 3.7 yuan per catty higher than the conventional planting price, and the average income increases by 3,700 to 6,200 yuan per mu, and the economic benefits are very considerable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowering diagram of the unknown fire in Example 1 in the summer of June 2022; Figure 2 This is a flowering picture of Daya in Example 2 in the summer of June 2022. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, which are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific conditions are specified in the examples, the conditions are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0023] Embodiment 1: This embodiment provides a planting method for delaying citrus flowering and fruiting, which is implemented in an orchard in Nanchong City, Sichuan Province. The citrus variety is 5-year-old 'Nashi', the row spacing is 3×4 m, and 55 plants are planted per mu. The specific implementation method includes the following steps: S1. Promote the growth and maturation of autumn shoots: In late July 2021, moderately shorten the existing branches (cut off 1 / 3~1 / 2 of the total length of the original branches), dig a ring ditch along the drip line of the crown of each tree and apply 300 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 75 g of phosphorus fertilizer, and 125 g of potassium fertilizer, then cover the soil and irrigate to promote the unified growth of autumn shoots. At the same time, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 200 ml / L paclobutrazol after the new shoot apex buds are cut off, and spray again after an interval of 12 days; S2. Inhibit spring shoot budding: In early March 2022, cover the orchard with plastic film to avoid rain, control the soil moisture content at a depth of 10 to 60 cm underground to 6% to 10%, and keep the soil dry; S3. Promote early summer shoot budding: In late May 2022, remove the plastic film covering the ground, slightly prune the existing branches (cut off 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the total length of the original branches), dig a ring ditch along the drip line of the crown of each tree, apply 208 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 48 g of phosphorus fertilizer, and 96 g of potassium fertilizer, cover the soil and irrigate, keep the soil moisture content at a depth of 10-60 cm underground in the range of 17%-23%, and promote the early summer shoot budding; S4. Fruit preservation: From late June to mid-July 2022, spray 30 ml / L gibberellin + 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 600 mg / L boric acid during the last flowering period and after the first physiological fruit drop period to promote fruit setting; Figure 1 This is the picture of Shiranui's flowering in June 2022; S5. Pest and disease prevention: During the autumn shoot growth and maturation, early summer shoot budding and growth, and flower and fruit growth and development stages, the conventional pest and disease prevention measures for citrus trees are the same, with targeted alternating use of chemical agents to prevent pests and diseases, protect the healthy growth of new shoots, and the normal development of flowers and fruits.

[0024] According to statistics, compared with the conventional planting model, the ripening period of the 'Unknown Fire' fruit in the orchard in this embodiment is extended to May 21, 2023, the ripening period is delayed by 83 days, the market price is increased by 3.1 yuan / jin, and the income is increased by 5,400 yuan / mu.

[0025] Embodiment 2: This embodiment provides a planting method for delaying citrus flowering and fruiting. The implementation site is located in an orchard in Jiangjin District, Chongqing. The citrus variety is 8-year-old 'Daya', with a plant spacing of 3.5×4 m and 47 plants per acre. The specific implementation method includes the following steps: S1. Promote the growth and maturation of autumn shoots: In early August 2021, moderately shorten the existing branches (cut off 1 / 3~1 / 2 of the total length of the original branches), dig a ring ditch along the drip line of the crown of each tree and apply 315 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 90 g of phosphorus fertilizer, and 135 g of potassium fertilizer, then cover the soil and irrigate to promote the unified growth of autumn shoots. At the same time, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 300 ml / L paclobutrazol once after the new shoot apex buds are cut; S2. Inhibit spring shoot budding: In late February 2022, the orchard will build a bamboo and wood structure shelter to avoid rain, control the soil moisture content 10-60 cm deep in the ground to 6%-10%, and keep the soil dry; S3. Promote early summer shoot budding: At the end of May 2022, slightly shorten the existing branches (cut off 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the total length of the original branches), dig a ring ditch along the drip line of the crown of each tree and apply 210 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 63 g of phosphorus fertilizer, and 77 g of potassium fertilizer. After covering the soil, irrigate the soil with enough water to keep the soil moisture content at a depth of 10-60 cm underground between 17% and 23%, so as to promote the root system to absorb nutrients and the early summer shoots to sprout neatly; S4. Fruit preservation: From late June to mid-July 2022, spray 40 ml / L gibberellin + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 500 mg / L boric acid during the last flowering period, and spray 10 mg / L 2,4-D sodium salt + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 500 mg / L boric acid after the first physiological fruit drop period to promote fruit setting; Figure 2 This is a picture of Daya's flowering in June 2022; S5. Pest and disease prevention: During the autumn shoot growth and maturation, early summer shoot budding and growth, and flower and fruit growth and development stages, the conventional pest and disease prevention measures for citrus trees are the same, with targeted alternating use of chemical agents to prevent pests and diseases, protect the healthy growth of new shoots, and the normal development of flowers and fruits.

[0026] According to statistics, compared with the conventional planting model, the fruit maturity period of 'Daya' in the orchard in this embodiment is extended to April 27, 2023, the maturity period is delayed by 91 days, the market price is increased by 2.8 yuan / jin, and the income is increased by 5,120 yuan / mu.

[0027] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for delaying citrus flowering and fruiting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Promote the growth and maturation of autumn shoots: Before the autumn shoots sprout, prune the existing branches and apply nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. After the new shoots are pruned, spray 0.2~0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 200~300 ml / L paclobutrazol; S2. Inhibit spring shoot budding: Before spring shoot budding, take shelter from rain and control water to keep the soil dry; S3. Promote early summer shoot budding: Before early summer shoot budding, existing branches should be pruned and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied; S4. Fruit preservation: Spray fruit preservation agent during the last flowering period and after the first physiological fruit drop period.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: S5. Disease and pest prevention: Disease and pest prevention should be carried out during the autumn shoot growth and maturation, early summer shoot budding and growth, and flower and fruit growth and development stages.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pruning method described in S1 is moderate pruning, cutting off 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total length of the original branches; the pruning method described in S3 is light pruning, cutting off 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the total length of the original branches.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in S1 is 180~350 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 45~100 g of phosphorus fertilizer and 75~150 g of potassium fertilizer per plant.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of sheltering from rain in S2 is covering the ground with film or building a rain shelter.

6. The planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The moisture content of the soil at a depth of 10 to 60 cm below the ground in S2 ranges from 6% to 10%.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in S3 is 117~300 g of nitrogen fertilizer, 27~90 g of phosphorus fertilizer and 54~110 g of potassium fertilizer per plant.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were applied in S1 and S3 as soil fertilization, and the soil was covered and watered in time after fertilization.

9. The planting method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S3, after covering with soil and watering, the moisture content of the soil at a depth of 10 to 60 cm below the ground was in the range of 17% to 23%.

10. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fruit retaining agent includes: 20-40 ml / L gibberellin + 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 500-670 mg / L boric acid, or 10-20 mg / L 2,4-D sodium salt + 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 500-670 mg / L boric acid.

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