Method and apparatus for determining at least one refractive value

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method (210) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), a computer program and determining device (110), a data carrier signal, a field device for generating input data (214) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), a remote device for generating result data (222) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), a method for generating a geometric model (226) of at least one spectacle lens (228) for producing at least one spectacle lens (228), and a method for producing at least one spectacle lens (228). In this paper, the method (210) includes the following steps: a) generating input data (214) configured to include uncorrected distance visual acuity (216) of a human eye (112); the astigmatic meridian direction (220) of the human eye (112); and the distance (140) between the human eye (112) and at least one visual stimulus (118) displayed to the human eye (112), wherein the at least one visual stimulus (118) is aligned simultaneously in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; b) generating a result The result data (222) is configured to include at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), wherein the at least one refractive value (212) of the human eye (112) is determined by evaluating input data (214), wherein the distance (140) between the human eye (112) and at least one visual stimulus (118) is determined based on the human's response indicating that the human has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus (118) has equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to that direction. The present invention provides a rapid, simple, universal, reliable, and accurate method for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method, computer program and determining device for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, a data carrier signal, a field device for generating input data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, a remote device for generating result data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, a method for generating a geometric model of at least one spectacle lens for producing at least one spectacle lens, and a method for producing at least one spectacle lens. Background Technology

[0002] Various methods and apparatuses for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye are known. Hereinafter, the term "refraction" or "refractive" refers to the bending of incident light entering the eye via the pupil. In relation to the present invention, determining at least one refractive value of a human eye specifically includes determining at least one value of at least one astigmatism of the human eye. As commonly used, the term "astigmatism" corresponds to a condition in which the optical system comprising the human eye forms at least two separate line images of a point object, typically due to the toricity of at least one refractive surface of the human eye. As a result, astigmatism causes light incident on the eye to be distributed asymmetrically on the retina, which can particularly lead to at least one of visual distortion or blurring in the human eye. Generally, the values ​​associated with astigmatism in a human eye refer to both the spatial orientation (also called "axis") and the degree of astigmatism (also called "power"). For complete correction of astigmatism in a human eye, it is particularly preferred to quantify both the axis and power of the astigmatism in the human eye.

[0003] Thomas W. Raasch, Spherocylindrical Refractive Errors and Visual Acuity (spherical cylindrical lens refractive error and visual acuity) Optometry and Vision Science, 72 (4), pp. 272-275, describes that understanding the relationship between refractive error and visual acuity is complex when astigmatic blur is present. No widely used model combines spherical lens error and astigmatic error to predict visual performance. Models combining spherical lens error and astigmatic error are discussed, and predictions for these models using data from the literature are presented. Three models combining astigmatic error and spherical lens error are shown for predicting visual acuity performance in uncorrected myopic refractive errors. The refractive vector addition model has been shown to have an advantage over other candidate models. When the goal is to correlate cylindrical lens error with visual acuity performance, cylindrical lens error can be combined into a single value.

[0004] Ralf Blendowske, Unaided Visual Acuity and Blur: A Simple Model Sensitivity and Fuzziness: A Simple Model A simple model is proposed to describe the quantitative relationship between uncorrected visual acuity and blur caused by refractive error. Standard models describing the relationship between visual acuity and blur (such as those published by Raasch, see above) are used as a starting point to develop a simpler model based on heuristic arguments. Raasch's data foundation is enhanced by published findings in the low-level refractive error range. Spherocylindrical refractive error is transformed into a single blur quantity b (also known as refractive distance), which is used as input in both models. The potential effects of cylinder axis and pupil size are not included. The very simple model for the uncorrected minimum resolvable angle fits the available data well and improves the regression SE by a factor of 2 compared to the Raasch model.

[0005] US 2019 / 0307324 A1 discloses a system and method for measuring refractive errors of the eye based on subjective distance measurement. The method includes: (a) displaying at least one dynamic target image having at least one symbol on a display area; (b) receiving subjective feedback from a subject indicating that the subject is located at the optimal visual acuity maximum distance (MDBA) from the target image, wherein the MDBA is the maximum distance at which the subject identifies the symbol; (c) measuring one or more distance-related parameters using at least one sensor during the time the subject has reached the MDBA distance; (d) estimating the MDBA by estimating the distance between the subject's eye and the display area displaying the target image using sensor data; and (e) calculating the refractive error of the eye based on the estimated MDBA and characteristics of the target image.

[0006] US 2020 / 0397279 A1 discloses methods, systems, and apparatus for measuring ocular refractive error without lenses, and particularly for measuring ocular refractive error using a mobile device application. An exemplary method includes: measuring the distance between a patient and a moving step method; presenting the patient with one or more visual targets whose size and shape are determined to represent perfect vision, such as by using a vernier target or a grating target; having the patient indicate whether they can accurately read the visual targets, and if not, moving closer to the moving step method until the patient can accurately read the visual targets; calculating the patient's visual acuity prescription based on the visual targets and the final distance between the patient and the moving step method; and displaying the patient's visual acuity prescription.

[0007] EP 3 730 038 A1 discloses a system and method for interactively measuring ocular refractive errors, under-excitation, and power of reading glasses without altering the optical convergence or divergence of the target. For one orientation or two perpendicular orientations, the system can measure the distance from the user's eye to any one or both boundaries of the clear vision range. The measurements, along with the user's age, can be used to estimate the spherocytic refractive error, under-excitation, and power of the reading glasses. The system can use targets of different sizes, orientations, and colors, which can change with the distance or user interaction.

[0008] The problem to be solved Therefore, particularly in view of EP 3 730 038 A1, the object of the present invention is to provide a method, computer program and determining device for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, a data carrier signal, a field device for generating input data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, a remote device for generating result data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, a method for generating a geometric model of at least one spectacle lens for manufacturing at least one spectacle lens, and a method for manufacturing at least one spectacle lens, which at least partially overcome the problems in the prior art.

[0009] The specific object of this invention is to provide a rapid, simple, universal, reliable, and accurate method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye. In particular, the object of this invention may be to determine the two meridians of astigmatism in a human eye in a single measurement. Therefore, it is desirable to determine at least one refractive value without requiring a specific optometrist, ophthalmologist, a set of measuring glasses, and / or complex devices (e.g., automated refraction devices). In particular, it is desirable to determine the at least one refractive value in a manner applicable to a wide variety of people worldwide, thereby minimizing or avoiding difficulties in communication or compliance. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This problem is addressed by the following features comprising the independent claims: a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, a computer program and determining apparatus, a data carrier signal, a field apparatus for generating input data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, a remote apparatus for generating result data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, a method for generating a geometric model of at least one spectacle lens for manufacturing at least one spectacle lens, and a method for manufacturing at least one spectacle lens. Preferred embodiments that can be implemented in isolation or in any arbitrary combination are set forth in the dependent claims or throughout the following description.

[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye. The method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye includes the following steps, which may be performed in a given order. However, a different order is also possible. Further, two or more of these method steps may be performed simultaneously. Thus, these method steps may at least partially overlap in time. Further, these method steps may be performed once or repeatedly. Further, one or more, or even all, of these method steps may be performed once or repeatedly. The method may include additional method steps not listed herein.

[0012] The method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye includes the following steps: a) Generate input data, which is configured to include Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; The direction of the astigmatic meridian in the human eye; The distance between a human eye and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the human eye, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is aligned simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to the direction. b) Generate result data, which is configured to include At least one refractive value of the human eye, wherein the at least one refractive value of the human eye is determined by evaluating input data; The distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus is determined based on the person's response, which indicates that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in the direction perpendicular to that direction.

[0013] In general, the method for determining at least one refractive value of a person's eye can be performed manually, wherein an assistant to the person (preferably selected from at least one of a parent, nurse, optician, or ophthalmologist) can display the at least one visual stimulus to the person, as described in more detail below, wherein the at least one visual stimulus can be provided in printed form, particularly on a board (e.g., cardboard or eye chart), wherein the at least one visual stimulus is generated using a device configured for this purpose (e.g., a printer or projector). Furthermore, the at least one refractive value of a person's eye can be determined manually by evaluating input data without the use of a computer.

[0014] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye can be a computer-implemented method. As commonly used, the term "computer-implemented method" refers to a method involving at least one device (specifically a computer, particularly connected to a computer network). Multiple devices can be connected via a network using at least one connection interface at any of these devices, particularly for transmitting data. The computer-implemented method can be implemented as at least one computer program, which can be provided on a storage medium carrying the computer program, thereby performing at least one step of the method, specifically at least one step of step a) or b). Preferably, the at least one computer program is used to perform either step a) or b). Alternatively, the at least one computer program can be accessed by a device suitable for performing the method via a network (e.g., via an intranet, via the Internet, or via the cloud).

[0015] This method is configured to determine at least one refractive value of a human eye. As commonly used, the term "determine" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to a process configured to generate at least one representative result. A representative result can be determined in a process wherein at least one step of the process can be selected from at least one of the following: a measurement step; an evaluation step; or a display step. To determine a representative result, at least one measurement can be performed. Data generated in this measurement can be evaluated. The representative result can be data retrieved during the evaluation process. The representative result can be displayed. Specifically with respect to the invention, the representative result includes result data comprising at least one refractive value of a human eye. The result data can be displayed on at least one monitor.

[0016] As further commonly used, the terms "refraction" or "refractive" refer to the bending that occurs when incident light enters the human eye through the pupil, and the term "refractive value" refers to the observed incident light that may (particularly due to the shape of the eye) not be properly focused on the retina of the eye, specifically causing blurred vision in a person. This method can be performed on only one eye at a time. The method can be repeated on the other eye. The method can be further implemented to be performed on one eye; however, it can be implemented on both eyes simultaneously. Generally, at least one refractive value of a human eye includes the values ​​of the following: - Spherical power; - Cylinder power; and - Cylindrical mirror axis.

[0017] Based on section 3.12.2 of standard ISO 13666:2019 (hereinafter referred to as the “Standard”), the term “spherical power” (usually abbreviated as “spherical” or “sph”) refers to the value of the posterior vertex power of a spherical power lens, or the posterior vertex power of one of the two meridians of an astigmatic power lens, depending on the principal meridian chosen for reference. The spherical power of the human eye can be a value associated with “equivalent spherical power”. As based on section 3.13.2 of the Standard, the term “principal meridian” is one of the two mutually perpendicular meridians parallel to the two focal points of an astigmatic lens. In this document, according to sections 3.13.3-4 of the Standard, the first principal meridian has an algebraically lower vertex power, while the second principal meridian has an algebraically higher vertex power. As further based on Sections 3.13.6-7 of the standard, the term "cylindrical power" (usually abbreviated as "cylindrical" or "cyl") refers to the algebraic difference obtained by subtracting the power of the principal meridian selected for reference from the power of another perpendicular meridian. As based on Section 3.13.8 of the standard, the term "cylindrical axis" (usually abbreviated as "cyl axis" or "axis") refers to the direction of the principal meridian of the lens from which the vertex power is selected for reference, and thus corresponds to the direction of the astigmatic meridian of the human eye.

[0018] In addition, at least one refractive value of the human eye may further include at least one value related to the following: - Added power.

[0019] As defined in Section 3.16.3 of the standard, the term "additional power" ("additional power", also abbreviated as "add") refers to the difference between the vertex power of the near vision portion and the vertex power of the distance vision portion in a multifocal lens or a power-changing lens. Additional power can further refer to the difference between the vertex power of the intermediate vision portion and the vertex power of the distance vision portion in a multifocal lens or a power-changing lens. Additional power can further refer to a single-vision lens having a vertex power defined for correcting distance, near, or intermediate vision.

[0020] According to step a) of this method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, input data is generated. As used herein, the term “generate” or any syntactic deviation thereof refers to the process of generating a dataset or sequence, particularly by taking an initial dataset (specifically measurement data) and applying mathematical or logical processes to it. This term does not necessarily imply that a measurement process occurs. To generate the input data, providing the data included in the input data may be sufficient. Thus, the process may utilize an algorithm or machine learning model. As commonly used, the term “algorithm” refers to a process that follows a predefined scheme. As commonly used, the term “machine learning model” refers to a trainable, computer-implemented architecture, particularly a trainable statistical model, that applies artificial intelligence to automatically determine representative outcomes, particularly pupil characteristics. As commonly used, the term “training” refers to the process of using training data to determine adjustable parameters of a machine learning model to generate a trained machine learning model. This training may include at least one optimization or tuning process in which the optimal combination of parameters is determined. This training is implemented to improve the machine learning model’s ability to determine representative outcomes, particularly pupil characteristics, by analyzing at least a portion of the training data.

[0021] The resulting dataset can be input data. As used further herein, the term "input data" refers to a dataset or sequence of information that is evaluated at least in part by applying a mathematical or logical process to it, wherein the mathematical or logical process can be performed by a human or preferably by using a computer-implemented method. In particular, input data may be required to initiate at least one step of the method (specifically, a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye). Input data may be required to generate result data. As indicated above, the input data according to step a) is configured to include Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; Optionally, the corrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; The direction of the astigmatic meridian in the human eye; The distance between a human eye and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the human eye, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is aligned simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction.

[0022] Accordingly, the input data from step a) is configured to include the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye. As commonly used, the term "visual acuity" refers to the resolving power of the visual system, specifically spatial resolving power. As used herein, visual acuity refers to the specific visual system encompassing the human eye, specifically the human eye's ability to precisely distinguish at least one fine detail. In particular, the terms "distance visual acuity" or "... "This corresponds to the visual acuity of the human eye in resolving at least one fine detail at a distance without any optical correction using optical lenses as defined below. Further, the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye included in the input data of step a)..." This refers to the distance visual acuity of a person's eyes as measured in practice. As commonly used, the term "measurement" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to the process for generating data, particularly the data included in the input data. The data can be obtained from at least one measurement value produced during a measurement process in physical reality. For this purpose, the method may further include at least one measurement step. Thus, the method can operate at least one measuring device, which may be specifically configured to obtain the desired result. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the uncorrected distance visual acuity of a human eye is measured. Another standard, ISO 8596:2017, can be followed. Ophthalmic optics - Visual acuity testing - Standard and clinical optotypes and their presentation[Ophthalmology Optical Devices - Visual Acuity Testing - Standard and Clinical Optometry Fonts and Their Presentation .

[0023] In a particularly preferred embodiment, uncorrected distance visual acuity This can be determined by performing a measurement when the person is not using an optical lens to correct at least one refractive value of the person's eye. In an alternative embodiment, the person may be using an optical lens for the person's eye when generating the input data, particularly where the optical lens has a known prescription. As commonly used, the term "optical lens" refers to a visual aid that can be used to determine and / or correct defective vision in a person's eye. As commonly used, the term "prescription" refers to a document containing at least one piece of information about the optical lens. The optical lens may be an optical lens that the person is typically currently using when testing the person by applying this method. As used herein, the term "known" means that the prescription is available for use in this method and / or is considered by this method when determining the result data. Alternatively, or in addition to using an optical lens, the person may have undergone refractive surgery. In this document, the at least one optical lens may be selected from at least one of the following: - Eyeglass lenses; - Contact lens; or - Intraocular lenses.

[0024] Based on Section 3.5.2 of the Standard, the term "spectacle lens" refers to an optical lens used to determine and / or correct defective vision in a wearer, wherein the optical lens is worn in front of the wearer's eyes, thereby avoiding direct contact with the wearer's eyes. In this document, a spectacle lens can be an optical lens that a person normally wears, or alternatively or additionally, a trial lens provided to a person by an optician or ophthalmologist. As further commonly used, the term "contact lens" refers to a lens placed directly on the surface of the wearer's eye to correct visual defects. As further commonly used, the term "intraocular lens" refers to an artificial lens implanted in the wearer's eye to correct defective vision. The wearer can be a person.

[0025] In another specific embodiment, the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye. Or corrected distance visual acuity At least one of these can be measured under cycloplegia. In this way, the values ​​determined by autorefraction can be determined more accurately, especially since non-cycloplegic autorefraction is generally known to overestimate myopia and underestimate hyperopia, particularly in children with active accommodative responses.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the input data from step a) may optionally be configured to further include the corrected distance visual acuity of the human eye. As used in this article, by considering the findings of Blendowske's research (see above), the corrected distance visual acuity of the human eye... Unlike the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye Compared to Raasch's formula (see above, whose formula is not suitable for small defocus or astigmatism values), Blendowske's extended formula takes into account experimental uncertainties, normal physiological variations, age-related effects, or clinical conditions (especially cataracts or retinal diseases), which affect the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye in similar ways. and corrected distance visual acuity Both.

[0027] In this preferred embodiment, the corrected distance visual acuity of the human eye It can be determined specifically by using at least one of the following: - Another measurement taken when a person is using optical lenses designed for human eyes; - An estimate, where the estimate is...

[0028] In this paper, the estimated value can preferably be determined by using at least one of the following: ○ A person's age; ○ The race of people; ○ A person's gender; ○ Corrected distance visual acuity in known prescriptions from the human eye The known value; ○ Corrected distance visual acuity value ○ Statistical model.

[0029] For this purpose, the method may further include a requesting step, wherein, in the requesting step, a person may be requested to provide information relating to that person. As used herein, the term "person-related information" refers to information about at least one physical characteristic of a person, more particularly, at least one of a person's age, race, and sex, or to distance visual acuity from a known prescription from a person's eyes. The known value.

[0030] The input data from step a) is further configured to include the astigmatic meridian direction of the human eye. For the definition of the term "astigmatism," refer to the description above. Further, the term "meridian direction" refers to an orientation aligned with one of the meridians. Herein, the astigmatic meridian direction of the human eye can preferably be determined by using at least one of the following: - Known values ​​from known prescriptions; - Another estimate; or - Another measurement taken when the person is not using an optical lens designed for the human eye, and another response of the person's eye to astigmatism.

[0031] In this document, this additional measurement may preferably include the use of at least one visual stimulus selected from the following: - At least one line or more lines, particularly wherein the lines are grouped in such a way that at least two of the lines are oriented in different directions; - Sun wheel or diffused light scale; - Raubitschek diagram; - Gabor light spot; - Grid; - Cross; - Snellen E diagram; or - Landorte C diagram.

[0032] As commonly used, the term "Raubitschek diagram" refers to a graphical representation comprising two parabolas positioned on a rotating disk to produce an approximately arrow-shaped form, wherein, near the apex of the arrow, the two lines approach and become parallel to each other but do not touch, and wherein, as the lines bend away from this point, they become increasingly separated and eventually point in opposite directions. Further commonly used, the term "Gabor spot" refers to a grating, typically having a Gaussian envelope, known to be particularly useful as a visual stimulus for the human eye. Further commonly used, the terms "Snellen E-diagram" and "Randallt C-diagram" each refer to a standardized notation used for testing visual acuity.

[0033] To perform this additional measurement, a known device configured to determine the direction of the astigmatic meridian of the human eye can preferably be used, the known device being selected in particular from at least one of the following: - Automated optometry equipment; - Wavefront aberrometer.

[0034] However, it is also feasible to use different devices configured to determine the direction of the astigmatic meridian of a person's eye.

[0035] The input data from step a) is further configured to include the distance between a person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eyes. As commonly used, the term "display" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to presenting at least one of an image, object, text, or video, particularly the at least one visual stimulus, using at least one board or screen. As indicated above, the term "board" refers to a two-dimensional element, such as cardboard or a vision chart, which includes a surface on which at least one visual stimulus is generated using a device configured for this purpose (e.g., a printer or projector).

[0036] As is further commonly used, the term "screen" refers to an electronic visual display device designated for presenting at least one of electronically transmitted images, articles, text, or video. In particular, at least one screen may include at least one of the following: - Smartphones; - Smartwatch; - Smart glasses; - Augmented reality glasses; - Virtual reality glasses; - Desktop computer; - Laptop computers; - Tablet PC; or - Smart TV.

[0037] As commonly used, the term "smartphone" refers to a mobile phone with computer functionality and connectivity, and may additionally include at least one sensor and / or at least one actuator, such as at least one vibration motor. As commonly used, the term "smartwatch" refers to an electronic wristwatch with computer functionality and connectivity, and may additionally include at least one sensor and / or at least one actuator, such as at least one vibration motor. As commonly used, the term "smart glasses" refers to wearable glasses with computer functionality and connectivity, and may additionally add information to at least one optical lens in addition to what the wearer sees. As further commonly used, the term "augmented reality glasses" refers to at least one controllable optical lens (preferably a pair of controllable optical lenses) configured to allow the wearer to experience augmented reality. As further commonly used, the term "virtual reality headset" refers to a head-mounted display designed to allow the wearer to experience virtual reality. As commonly used, the term "desktop computer" refers to a computer with a housing shape suitable for use as a workstation computer on a table. As commonly used, the term "laptop computer" refers to a special type of computer with a screen movably attached to a housing, wherein the screen can be folded onto the housing. As commonly used, the term "tablet computer" refers to a portable flat-screen computer. As commonly used, the term "smart TV" refers to a television set that also includes computer functionality and connectivity.

[0038] As further used herein, the term "visual stimulus" refers to a graphic representation of an article, particularly a graphic representation of an article known to or reasonably expected by those skilled in the art to be quite suitable for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye. A visual stimulus may be particularly suitable if it is perceptible to a human, especially since the contrast between the visual stimulus and the background allows the human eye to distinguish between the visual stimulus and the background. As indicated above, the at least one visual stimulus is displayed in a manner that aligns simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian of the human eye and in a direction perpendicular to that direction. For this purpose, the at least one visual stimulus may preferably include at least one of the following: - Multiple lines, particularly wherein the multiple lines are grouped in such a way that at least two of the multiple lines are oriented in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; - Sun wheel or diffused light scale; - Raubitschek diagram; - At least two Gabor spots; - Grid; - Cross; or - Snellen E diagram.

[0039] For the terms “Raubitschek diagram”, “Gabor spot”, and “Snellen E diagram”, please refer to the definitions provided above.

[0040] As commonly used, the term "distance" refers to the shortest connection between two points. As used herein, distance refers to the shortest connection between a person's eye and the location of at least one visual stimulus. Particularly with respect to the present invention, the shortest connection can be considered as the optical path of light incident on the eye from at least one visual stimulus to the eye. To determine a value of the distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eye for the purpose of determining at least one refractive value of the person's eye, the distance can be varied until the person indicates that they have perceived equivalent blurring of the at least one visual stimulus in the astigmatic meridian direction and in a direction perpendicular to that direction. In particular, the distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eye can be varied by at least one of the following: - Move a person's eyes toward at least one board or screen; - Move at least one board or screen toward a person's eyes; or - To alter the geometry of the human eye's field of vision between the eye and at least one visual stimulus, particularly by using at least one of the following: ○ At least one optical lens; or ○ At least one reflector; Change at least one of augmented reality or virtual reality.

[0041] In a particular embodiment, changing the distance between a person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus can be stimulated by providing the person with at least one command, wherein the at least one command includes requesting the person to change the distance with respect to at least one visual stimulus. As generally used herein, the term "command" refers to a request provided to a person by means of at least one of a signal or a text message to perform a specific indicated process. Preferably, the at least one command can be provided to the person by at least one of the following: Visual cues, particularly at least one of a text message or a gesture; Auditory signals, particularly speech output or vibrations, are specifically generated using loudspeakers; Tactile signals.

[0042] As used herein, the term "visual signal" refers to a symbol that can be perceived visually. The term "auditory signal" refers to a sound that can be perceived audibly. Specifically, this text information may be selected from: An order requiring the person to move closer to or further away from at least one visual stimulus, particularly at least one board or screen used to display at least one visual stimulus; or An order requiring the person to maintain a position relative to at least one visual stimulus, and in particular at least one board or screen used to display at least one visual stimulus.

[0043] However, it is also possible to use a different text message.

[0044] The distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus displayed to that eye can be changed, particularly monotonically, by decreasing or increasing that distance. As commonly used, the term "monotonic" refers to uniform and / or consistent motion. Motion can be considered monotonous when the direction of the motion is constant and / or remains, particularly unchanged. Thus, the distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus can be changed by continuously decreasing or increasing it. The direction of the distance change can be considered constant. The rate of change of distance can fluctuate. In this document, the distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus displayed to that eye can decrease or increase from a starting position. In a particular embodiment, a person can hold at least one board or screen with at least one hand and can change the distance between their eyes and at least one visual stimulus displayed to their eyes, particularly by decreasing or increasing that distance. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one board or screen can be fixedly positioned in front of a person, particularly on a stable surface (e.g., a floor or table), while the person can change the distance between their eyes and at least one visual stimulus displayed to their eyes.

[0045] As indicated above, the distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus is determined at a point in time, particularly at a single point in time, from the person's response received, wherein the person's response at that point in time, particularly at that single point in time, indicates that the at least one visual stimulus has been perceived by the person as having equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction and in a direction perpendicular to that direction. As used herein, the term "at a point in time" refers to a specific moment, particularly a single moment, at which the person recognizes that a portion of the at least one visual stimulus displayed in the astigmatic meridian direction exhibits the same amount of blurring as another portion of the at least one visual stimulus displayed in a direction perpendicular to that direction.

[0046] Generally, a person's visual perception of at least one visual stimulus can be either sharp or blurry. As commonly used, the terms "sharp" or "clear" refer to a state in which an object is optimally spatially resolved relative to the spatial resolving power of the visual system. Accordingly, a person considers at least one visual stimulus to be sharp when they believe that their eye's ability to distinguish at least one fine detail in that stimulus is satisfied as well as possible. In contrast, the terms "blurry" or "blurry" refer to a contrasting state in which an object is not optimally spatially resolved relative to the spatial resolving power of the visual system. Accordingly, a person may consider at least one visual stimulus to be blurry when they believe that their eye's ability to distinguish at least one fine detail in that stimulus is not satisfied. In particular, a person may consider at least one visual stimulus to be blurry when, considering their abilities, they cannot distinguish the highest number of details in that stimulus. In this context, the absolute number of details that can be distinguished in the at least one stimulus generally varies from person to person, especially due to differences in visual acuity in each individual's eyes.

[0047] Surprisingly, it has been found that determining the distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus at the point in time of the response received from the person, especially at a single point in time, provides fairly reliable and accurate results. These results can be used to determine at least one refractive value of the person's eye in a rapid, simple, and general manner, wherein the person's response at that point in time, especially at that single point in time, indicates that the at least one visual stimulus has been perceived by the person as having equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction. While not wishing to be bound by theory, the human eye generally possesses a fairly high capacity to compare the level of fine detail or contrast in two images or two parts of a single image presented to the eye simultaneously, rather than two images presented sequentially or two parts of a single image. In other words, it has been found that the human eye is more likely to determine the point in time when two images or two parts of a single image exhibit the same level of fine detail or contrast.

[0048] This advantage is particularly evident in the disclosure of EP 3 730 038A1, which uses a different method in which at least one refractive value of the human eye is determined by using a first distance and a second distance between the human eye and at least one visual stimulus at a first time point and a second time point, respectively, in relation to the human's response. In this document, the first time point indicates that the human perceives the at least one visual stimulus as having clear vision in the direction of the first meridian, while the second time point indicates that the human perceives the at least one visual stimulus as having clear vision in the direction of the second meridian, which is perpendicular to the direction of the first meridian. However, the absolute values ​​of fine detail or contrast level depend on the individual visual perception of sharpness and blurriness, which may also vary over time at successive time points (e.g., the first and second time points).

[0049] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the time point at which the response is received from the person can preferably be determined by using at least one of the following: Instructions from a person or another person assisting that person, preferably selected from at least one of a parent, nurse, optician, or ophthalmologist, wherein the instructions are provided specifically by generating at least one of the following: ○ Visual cues, especially gestures; ○ Auditory signals, especially voice input, are specifically provided through the use of a microphone; ○ Tactile signals, particularly through the use of at least one of the following: ■ Num keypad; or ■ Touchpad; Continuous distance measurement; Step method; Forced selection method.

[0050] As used herein, the term "instruction" refers to details or information directly and / or indirectly related to the feature to which the instruction pertains, wherein the instruction may be the feature itself or a reference to the feature. For the terms "visual signal" and "auditory signal," refer to the definitions provided above. The term "tactile signal" refers to an impression that can be perceived through tactile sensation, such as, but not limited to, tactile sensations like, but not limited to, tickling, touching, movement, vibration, temperature, pressure, and / or tension. As commonly used, the term "ladder method" refers to a method involving upward and downward movement of the size or spatial characteristics and / or distance of a visual stimulus. This can improve test-retest variability. As further commonly used, the term "forced selection method" refers to a process employing the forced selection principle. In this document, the term "forced selection principle" refers to a test procedure in which the test subject must provide instructions related to or relevant to the subject being tested. Even when the subject is uncertain, they may still be required to provide instructions. Thus, the subject may be required to provide guessing instructions rather than indicating uncertainty. Typical instructions could be answers selected from: "yes" and "no," "left" and "right," or "nearer" and "further." However, it is also conceivable to use different methods to determine the timing of the response received from the person.

[0051] As commonly used, the term "continuous distance measurement" refers to a testing procedure that uses continuous distance measurements to position a person, particularly in a manner as close as possible to a visual stimulus, so that the person can see the visual stimulus and, in particular, spatially resolve it in an optimal manner. Specifically, at least one distance between a person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus can be measured continuously. As commonly used, the term "continuous" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to a process performed continuously, without interruption, or uniformly. To measure distances continuously, the distance measurement can be repeated after a predetermined time interval between each repetition. Alternatively, the distance can be measured continuously, particularly at the highest possible frequency. The size of at least one visual stimulus displayed on a screen to the person's eyes can be adjusted depending on the at least one distance continuously measured between the person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus. The size of at least one visual stimulus displayed on a screen to the person's eyes can be adjusted in a manner such that the person perceives the at least one visual stimulus as the same size, regardless of the at least one distance continuously measured between the person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus.

[0052] As indicated above, the distance between a human eye and at least one visual stimulus is determined at a specific point in time, particularly a single point in time, from the specific response received by the human, as described elsewhere herein. For this purpose, a distance measuring device may preferably be used. As commonly used, the term "distance measuring device" refers to an electronic component configured to generate data, particularly distance measurement data included in the input data. The distance measurement data may include at least one value of the at least one distance. Preferably, the distance measuring device may be selected from at least one of the following: Image capture device; A sensor-based capture device, wherein the sensor-based capture device is specifically selected from at least one of the following: ○ Infrared transmitters and detectors; ○ LiDAR module; or ○ Bluetooth module; An ultra-wideband device, specifically comprising at least two communication devices; or An independent measuring device, particularly wherein the measurement is performed manually by a person, specifically wherein the independent measuring device is a ruler.

[0053] As commonly used, the term "sensor-based capture device" refers to at least one of a distance sensor or proximity sensor configured to detect multiple signals by using the sensor, particularly for measuring at least one distance. The detected sensor signals may include information related to at least one distance. Alternatively or additionally, the distance measuring device may be at least one "image capturing device," particularly a camera, specifically a smartphone, and more particularly the rear and / or front camera of a smartphone, configured to perform image-based measurements of at least one distance. To measure at least one distance, the at least one distance measuring device, particularly the at least one image capturing device, and more particularly the corresponding camera, can be calibrated using standard calibration methods known to those skilled in the art. The sensor-based capture device may be a transmitter-detector device. As commonly used, the term "transmitter-detector device" refers to a distance sensor and / or proximity sensor that transmits at least one signal by using at least one transmitter and detects this (particularly reflected) at least one signal by using at least one detector. The difference between the transmitted signal and the detected signal may include distance-related information, particularly for determining at least one distance. As further commonly used, the term "LiDAR scanning module" refers to a device suitable for determining at least one distance by aiming a laser at an object or surface and measuring the time it takes for the reflected light to return to the receiver. As further commonly used, the term "standalone measuring device" refers to a measuring device not included by any other device as used in this method. In particular, the standalone measuring device can be an analog device, preferably a non-electrical device, such as a ruler, especially a pocket ruler, a telescopic folding ruler, or a measuring rod. However, the use of a pocket laser rangefinder (also known as a "laser telemetry device") is also feasible. The results of measurements performed using the standalone measuring device can be input into the method using an input device and / or a connection interface.

[0054] In certain embodiments, the method may further include monitoring the accommodation of the human eye, particularly when the person is viewing at least one visual stimulus. For this purpose, photoretinoscopy may be specifically used; however, it is also feasible to monitor the accommodation of the human eye using different methods. Monitoring the accommodation of the human eye ensures that the line of sight from the human eye is actually directed towards at least one visual stimulus displayed to the human eye.

[0055] One eye of a person, whose refractive value is not yet determined, may be blocked, preventing it from seeing at least one visual stimulus presented to the person's eye. As used herein, the term "blocking" or any grammatical variation thereof means preventing the other eye from perceiving at least one visual stimulus, particularly by blocking or redirecting at least a portion or all of the other eye's visual field, so that light originating from at least one visual stimulus cannot reach the eye. As used herein, the term "visual field" refers to the range of the observable world that is visible, particularly to the other eye of a person. The visual field can be considered as a solid angle at which the eye, particularly the other eye, is sensitive to at least one visual stimulus. The other eye of a person may be blocked by at least one of the following: - Close the other eye; or - Cover the other eye, specifically by using a covering, preferably cardboard, or the hand of a person or another person.

[0056] However, other embodiments are also possible. In another embodiment, images transmitted via different imaging beam paths assigned to the right and left eyes respectively can preferably be separated by using at least one of filters, gratings, optical lenses, optical prisms, optical diaphragms, or mirrors, particularly for stereoscopic image transmission purposes, such as for augmented reality glasses or virtual reality.

[0057] According to step b), result data is generated. As used herein, the term "result data" refers to a dataset or sequence of information included in at least one step of the method (specifically, the method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye). Result data may include representative results, particularly representative results determined by the method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye. To generate result data, input data may be evaluated. As indicated above, the result data according to step b) is configured to include... At least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the at least one refractive value of a human eye is determined by evaluating input data.

[0058] As commonly used, the term "evaluation" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to the process of interpreting or analyzing multiple data points, specifically to obtain at least one representative result. According to this method, input data can be evaluated for the purpose of determining at least one refractive value of a human eye.

[0059] In a particularly preferred embodiment, determining at least one refractive value of a human eye by evaluating input data may include - By using the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye and preferably corrected distance visual acuity To determine the value of the fuzzy vector; - The equivalent spherical power is determined by using at least one distance determined based on a human response, which indicates that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; and - Sphere and cylindrical power are determined by using the value of the blur vector and the equivalent sphere power.

[0060] In this paper, the value of the fuzzy vector is defined using equation (1): (1) In the formula, express and Indicates cylinder power.

[0061] Furthermore, determining the value of the fuzzy vector involves using equations (2) and (3): (2) In the formula ， (3) In the formula, This represents the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye, and in the formula, It indicates the corrected visual acuity of a person's eye at long distances.

[0062] To determine the equivalent spherical power, equation (4) is used, where (4) In the formula, This indicates a distance determined based on a person's response, which indicates that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction.

[0063] Finally, determine the spherical power. and cylinder power This includes using equations (5) and (6): (5) (6) The result is spherical power and cylinder power It has been determined by using the value of the blur vector and the equivalent spherical diopter, as determined based on the input data as defined above.

[0064] The resulting data can be presented using an output interface configured to present the data to the at least one person and / or another person assisting that person, preferably selected from at least one of a parent, nurse, optician, or ophthalmologist. Preferably, the resulting data can be presented on at least one monitor, preferably as at least one of a graph or graphic display showing at least one refractive value of the person's eye. In a particular embodiment, at least one screen for displaying at least one visual stimulus can also serve as the at least one monitor; however, using different monitors is also feasible. Alternatively or additionally, a speaker can be used as the output interface.

[0065] Step a) of this method can define a measurement cycle. Multiple measurement cycles can be executed. Step b) of this method can define an evaluation cycle. Multiple measurement cycles can be executed, wherein in each measurement cycle, the at least one distance can be measured, wherein any of the at least one measured distance can be considered in the evaluation cycle, particularly in the final evaluation cycle.

[0066] According to another aspect of the invention, a computer program for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye is disclosed. The computer program includes instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to implement a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye. As commonly used, the term "computer program" refers to at least one executable instruction for at least one programmable device (specifically a computer), preferably a sequence of executable instructions, for processing and / or solving at least one function and / or at least one task and / or at least one problem using at least one programmable device or apparatus (specifically a computer), preferably for performing some or all of the steps of any of the methods described within this invention. Typically, the instructions are combined into computer program code and / or provided in a programming language. Typically, the computer program is processed using processing means included in at least one computer. For this purpose, the computer program can be run on a computer. The computer program code can be provided on a data storage medium or a separate device such as an optical storage medium, for example, provided on an optical disc, directly provided on a computer or data processing device, or via a network, such as via an intranet or via the Internet.

[0067] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a data carrier signal carrying result data generated by a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, the method comprising generating the result data. As commonly used, the term "data carrier signal" refers to an electronic signal containing information. The data carrier signal can be provided on a computer-readable storage medium. As used herein, the term "computer-readable storage medium" can specifically refer to a non-transitory data storage device, such as a hardware storage medium on which computer-executable instructions are stored.

[0068] For further details concerning computer programs and data carrier signals, refer to methods for determining at least one refractive value of the human eye, as disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0069] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a field apparatus for generating input data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the field apparatus is configured to perform at least the following steps in a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, the method comprising the following steps: a) Generate input data, which is configured to include Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; The direction of the astigmatic meridian in the human eye; The distance between a human eye and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the human eye, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is aligned simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; The input data is transmitted to a remote device via a connection interface to determine at least one refractive value of a person's eye by assessing the distance between the person's eye and at least one visual stimulus, the distance being determined based on the person's response indicating that the person has perceived the at least one visual stimulus to have equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction and in a direction perpendicular to that direction.

[0070] As used herein, the term "field device" refers to a device configured to generate input data. A person may access and / or use a field device, particularly for generating input data. Alternatively, another person may use a field device on that person, particularly for generating input data. A field device may operate without a remote device described in more detail below. As used herein, the term "remote device" refers to a device used to generate result data. A person may not have access to a field device and / or may not use or may only use a field device indirectly, particularly for generating result data. A remote device may be owned, used, and / or controlled by a third party (e.g., a company or another person). A remote device may operate without a field device. A field device may transfer input data to a specific remote device based on at least one factor, such as date, day of the week, low load on the specific remote device (particularly compared to at least one alternative remote device), low cost of operating the specific remote device (particularly compared to at least one alternative remote device), etc. The specific remote device may not be directly selected by the field device; rather, another device may specify which specific remote device the input data can be transferred from the field device to. The generation of result data may involve several different entities using the remote device.

[0071] At least one entity can generate intermediate data and transmit the intermediate data to at least one other entity using a connection interface. Result data can be transmitted from a remote device to a field device, particularly using a data carrier signal carrying the result data. Thus, a person can be able to analyze the result data, specifically at least one refractive value of the person's eye. As commonly used, the term "connection interface" refers to an article or element configured for transmitting information or data (particularly input or result data). Specifically, a connection interface can be configured to transmit information from a computing device (e.g., a computer), such as to forward input or output data to, for example, another device. Additionally or alternatively, a connection interface can be configured to transmit information to a computing device, such as to a computer, for example, to receive information. In certain embodiments, a connection interface can be configured to transmit information or exchange information. The connection interface can preferably be selected from at least one of the following: - Network interface controller; or - Transmitter; However, it is also possible to use different types of connectivity interfaces. As commonly used, the term "network interface controller" refers to a computer hardware component configured to connect a computer to a computer network. As commonly used, the term "transmitter" refers to an electronic device that generates electromagnetic waves using an antenna. More specifically, connectivity interfaces can provide data transmission connections, such as Bluetooth, NFC, or inductive coupling. As examples, connectivity interfaces can be or include at least one of the following: a network or internet port, a USB port, and a disk drive.

[0072] Specifically, the field device may include at least one processing device configured to generate configured input data. However, as described in more detail below, the processing device may be configured to perform at least one additional task. As commonly used, the term "processing device" refers to any system of logic circuits configured to perform basic operations of a computer or system, and / or generally refers to a device configured to perform computational or logical operations. In this document, a processing device may be a single device. Alternatively, a processing device may include multiple elements located at more than one location, wherein at least two elements located at at least two different locations are configured to communicate with each other using at least one connection interface, particularly at least one connection interface described in more detail elsewhere herein. Specifically, the processing unit may be configured to process basic instructions for driving a computer or system. As an example, the processing unit may include at least one arithmetic logic unit (ALU), at least one floating-point unit (FPU) (e.g., a math coprocessor or a number coprocessor), multiple registers (specifically registers configured to provide operands to the ALU and store the results of operations), and memory (e.g., L1 and L2 cache memories). Specifically, the processing unit may be a multi-core processor. Specifically, the processing unit may be or may include a central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively or alternatively, the processing unit may be or may include a microprocessor; therefore, the elements of the processing unit may be contained within a single integrated circuit system (IC) chip. Alternatively or alternatively, the processing unit may be or may include one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and / or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The processing unit may specifically be configured (e.g., via software programming) to perform one or more evaluation operations.

[0073] Furthermore, the field device may include at least one distance measuring device, particularly a distance measuring device as described in more detail above or below. As indicated above, the distance measuring device may preferably be used to determine the distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus at a specific point in time, particularly a single point in time, received from a person, as described elsewhere herein.

[0074] The field device may preferably be selected from at least one of the following: - Smartphones; - Smartwatch; - Smart glasses; - Augmented reality glasses; - Virtual reality glasses; - Desktop computer; - Laptop computers; - Tablet PC; or - Smart TV; However, it is also feasible to use different types of field devices.

[0075] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a remote device for generating result data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the remote device is configured to perform at least the following steps in a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the remote device receives input data provided by a field device through a connection interface, wherein the method includes the following steps: b) Generate result data, which is configured to include At least one refractive value of the human eye, wherein the at least one refractive value of the human eye is determined by evaluating input data; The input data includes the distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus, which is determined based on the person's response indicating that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction.

[0076] In particular, the remote device may include a processing unit configured at least to generate the desired result data. Further details regarding the processing unit can be found in the description above and below. Specifically for this purpose, the remote device may preferably be selected from at least one of the following: - Server; or - Cloud server; However, it is also feasible to use different types of remote devices. As commonly used, the term "server" refers to a device used to perform at least one task for another device (particularly a device connected via a network, such as the Internet or a private network) connected to that server for transmitting data. As commonly used, the term "cloud server" refers to a server accessible via a public network, such as the Internet. Cloud servers can be owned by a third party and provide third-party services, such as evaluating input data to generate result data and thereby determining at least one refractive value of a person's eye.

[0077] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a determining apparatus for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the apparatus is configured to perform a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the method includes the following steps: a) Generate input data, which is configured to include Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; The direction of the astigmatic meridian in the human eye; The distance between a human eye and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the human eye, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is aligned simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; b) Generate result data, which is configured to include At least one refractive value of the human eye, wherein the at least one refractive value of the human eye is determined by evaluating input data; The distance between a person's eye and at least one visual stimulus is determined based on the person's response, which indicates that the person has perceived at least one visual stimulus to have equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in the direction perpendicular to that direction.

[0078] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the determining device may include both a field device and a processing device, which may be configured to generate both input data and result data. Further details regarding the field device and the processing device can be found in the description above and below.

[0079] The determining device may preferably be at least one of the following: - Smartphones; - Smartwatch; - Augmented reality glasses; - Virtual reality glasses; - Desktop computer; - Laptop computers; - Tablet PC; or - Smart TV; However, it is also feasible to use different types of remote devices.

[0080] For further details regarding the field apparatus for generating input data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, the remote apparatus for generating result data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, and the determining apparatus for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, reference may be made to other apparatuses and methods for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye as disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0081] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for generating a geometric model for producing at least one spectacle lens, wherein the geometric model for generating at least one spectacle lens includes... - Data associated with the at least one refractive value is determined by performing a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye in a vision testing procedure, wherein the vision testing procedure includes at least one test cycle, preferably at least two subsequent test cycles, wherein each test cycle includes at least the following steps: a) Generate input data, which is configured to include Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; The direction of the astigmatic meridian in the human eye; The distance between a human eye and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the human eye, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is aligned simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; b) Generate result data, which is configured to include At least one refractive value of the human eye, wherein the at least one refractive value of the human eye is determined by evaluating input data; The distance between the human eye and at least one visual stimulus is determined based on the human's response, which indicates that the human has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; and - Generate a geometric model of at least one spectacle lens for the human eye using the resulting data.

[0082] As used herein, the term "visual acuity testing procedure" refers to a procedure for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye. Such at least one visual acuity testing procedure may include steps of methods for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye as described elsewhere herein.

[0083] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing at least one spectacle lens, wherein producing at least one spectacle lens includes processing at least one lens blank, wherein processing at least one lens blank is performed by using a geometric model of at least one spectacle lens, the geometric model being generated by a method for producing at least one spectacle lens as disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0084] For further details regarding the methods for generating the geometric model of at least one spectacle lens and the methods for producing at least one spectacle lens, refer to the methods for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, as disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0085] Compared to existing technologies, this device exhibits the following advantages. The present invention provides a rapid, simple, universal, reliable, and accurate method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye. In particular, the present invention allows for the determination of two meridians of astigmatism in a human eye in a single measurement. Furthermore, the method for measuring at least one refractive value of a human eye, as disclosed herein, does not require the use of refractive corrective glasses during the measurement process. Furthermore, the present invention provides a sensor-based real-time distance measurement with reduced errors, particularly in distance measurement.

[0086] In contrast, US 2019 / 0301324 A1 discloses determining spherocytic refraction by performing measurements of uncorrected visual acuity and a single cylindrical meridion at different distances using visual stimuli of varying sizes. This measurement is quite cumbersome, especially because it requires various measurements at different distances.

[0087] In further contrast, US 2020 / 0397279 A1 discloses a method of measuring equivalent spherical power by using visual acuity measurements at different distances. As proposed, only the equivalent spherical power is determined here, without determining the individual cylindrical component.

[0088] As indicated above, EP 3 730 038 A1 discloses adjusting the distance between the screen (particularly a smartphone) and the person along two astigmatic meridians within the boundaries of the clear vision range, subsequently determining two astigmatic far points, and thereby determining the spherical refractive power. However, there is a disadvantage to using two different time points in which the person perceives at least one visual stimulus as clear in two different meridian directions, namely, requiring the person to perceive the absolute value of fine detail or contrast level at both different time points. Since the determination of the two astigmatic far points depends on the individual visual perception of sharpness and blur, which may also change over time at successive time points, this method may inherently be less reliable and accurate than the approach disclosed herein. Furthermore, the approach disclosed herein is faster than the method in EP 3730 038 A1, particularly due to the feature of determining the two astigmatic meridians of the person's eye in a single measurement.

[0089] Furthermore, the input data provided according to the methods disclosed herein is independent of various characteristics of the at least one visual stimulus, which are preferably selected from at least one of the following: - The type of at least one visual stimulus; - The color of at least one visual stimulus; - The spatial frequency of at least one visual stimulus; - The size of at least one visual stimulus; - The contrast level of the at least one visual stimulus; - The polarization of at least one visual stimulus; - The flashing frequency of the at least one visual stimulus; - The display time of the at least one visual stimulus; or - The shape of at least one visual stimulus.

[0090] As a result, the present invention can be implemented quite easily in a highly versatile manner.

[0091] As used herein, the terms “have,” “include,” or “contain,” or any grammatical variations thereof, are used in a non-exclusive manner. Thus, these terms can refer either to a situation where no other features exist in the entity described in this context besides those introduced by these terms, or to a situation where one or more other features exist. For example, the statements “A has B,” “A includes B,” and “A contains B” can all refer to a situation where no other elements exist in A besides B (i.e., A consists solely and exclusively of B), or they can refer to a situation where entity A contains one or more other elements besides B, such as element C, element C and element D, or even other elements.

[0092] As further used herein, the terms “preferredly,” “more preferably,” “particularly,” “even more particularly,” or similar terms are used in combination with optional features without limiting the possibility of alternatives. Therefore, features described by these terms are optional features and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any way. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the invention can be practiced by using alternative features. Similarly, features described by “in embodiments of the invention” or similar expressions are intended to be optional features, without any limitation on alternative embodiments of the invention, without any limitation on the scope of the invention, and without any limitation on the possibility of combining features described in this manner with other features of the invention.

[0093] In summary, the following embodiments are particularly preferred within the scope of the present invention.

[0094] Example 1. A method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, the method comprising the following steps: a) Generate input data, which is configured to include Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; The direction of the astigmatic meridian in this person's eyes; The distance between the person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eyes, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is aligned simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to the direction; b) Generate result data, which is configured to include At least one refractive value of the human eye, wherein the at least one refractive value of the human eye is determined by evaluating input data; The distance between the person's eye and the at least one visual stimulus is determined based on the person's response, which indicates that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in the direction perpendicular to the astigmatic meridian.

[0095] Example 2. The method according to the previous example, wherein the method is - Performed manually by that person; or - Computer implementation method.

[0096] Example 3. The method according to the previous example, wherein the person is accompanied by another person assisting the person, the other person preferably being selected from at least one of a parent, nurse, optician, or ophthalmologist.

[0097] Example 4. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one refractive value of the person includes the following values: - Spherical power; - Cylinder power; and - Cylindrical axis The cylinder axis corresponds to the direction of the astigmatic meridian of the person's eye.

[0098] Example 5. The method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the refractive value of the person's eye further includes the following values: - Added power, especially for near or intermediate vision.

[0099] Example 6. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the uncorrected distance visual acuity It is determined by performing measurements when the person is in the following states: - No optical lenses were used to correct at least one refractive value of the person's eye; - Optical lenses specifically designed for this person's eyes are being used.

[0100] Example 7. The method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the at least one optical lens is specifically selected from at least one of the following: - Eyeglass lenses; - Contact lens; or - Intraocular lenses.

[0101] Example 8. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the input data is configured to further include the person's corrected distance visual acuity. .

[0102] Example 9. The method described in the previous example, wherein the corrected distance visual acuity of the person's eye... It is determined by using at least one of the following: - Another measurement taken when a person is using optical lenses designed for human eyes; - An estimate, wherein the estimate is preferably determined by using at least one of the following: ○ The person's age; ○ The person's race; ○ The person's gender; ○ Corrected distance visual acuity in known prescriptions from the human eye The known value; ○ Corrected distance visual acuity value ○ Statistical model.

[0103] Example 10. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the person's eye... Or the corrected distance visual acuity At least one of them was measured under cycloplegia.

[0104] Example 11. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the astigmatic meridian direction of the person's eye is determined by at least one of the following: - Known values ​​from known prescriptions; - Another estimate; or - Another measurement taken when the person is not using an optical lens designed for the human eye, and another response of the person's eye to astigmatism.

[0105] Example 12. The method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the additional measurement includes using at least one visual stimulus selected from: - At least one line or more lines, particularly wherein the lines are grouped in such a way that at least two of the lines are oriented in different directions; - Sun wheel or diffused light scale; - Raubitschek diagram; - Gabor light spot; - Grid; - Cross; - Snellen E diagram; or - Landorte C diagram.

[0106] Example 13. The method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the additional measurement includes using at least one of the following: - Automated optometry equipment; - Wavefront aberrometer.

[0107] Example 14. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one visual stimulus simultaneously aligned in the astigmatic meridian direction and in a direction perpendicular to the astigmatic meridian direction comprises at least one of the following: - Multiple lines, particularly wherein the multiple lines are grouped in such a way that at least two of the multiple lines are oriented in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; - Sun wheel or diffused light scale; - Raubitschek diagram; - At least two Gabor spots; - Grid; - Cross; or - Snellen E diagram.

[0108] Example 15. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is displayed to the person's eye by using at least one of the following: - board; or - Screen It is designed to present at least one visual stimulus to the person's eyes.

[0109] Example 16. The method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is provided on the surface of the plate or projected onto the plate.

[0110] Example 17. The method according to any one of the preceding two examples, wherein the at least one screen comprises at least one of the following: - Smartphones; - Smartwatch; - Smart glasses; - Augmented reality glasses; - Virtual reality glasses; - Desktop computer; - Laptop computers; - Tablet PC; or - Smart TV.

[0111] Example 18. The method according to any one of the foregoing three embodiments, wherein the at least one distance between the person's eye and the at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eye corresponds to the measured distance between the at least one board or screen and the person's eye.

[0112] Example 19. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one distance between the person's eye and the at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eye is determined by using at least one distance measuring device, wherein the distance measuring device is preferably selected from at least one of the following: Image capture device; A sensor-based capture device, wherein the sensor-based capture device is specifically selected from at least one of the following: ○ Infrared transmitters and detectors; ○ LiDAR module; or ○ Bluetooth module; An ultra-wideband device, specifically comprising at least two communication devices; or An independent measuring device, particularly wherein the measurement is performed manually by the person, specifically wherein the independent measuring device is a ruler.

[0113] Example 20. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the distance between the person's eye and the at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eye is changed by at least one of the following: - Move the person's eyes toward at least one board or screen; - Move at least one board or screen toward the person's eyes; or - Changing the geometry of the person's eye's field of vision between the eye and the at least one visual stimulus, particularly by using at least one of the following: ○ At least one optical lens; or ○ At least one reflector; - Change at least one of augmented reality or virtual reality.

[0114] Example 21. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein changing the distance between the person's eyes and the at least one visual stimulus is stimulated by at least one command provided to the person, wherein the at least one command includes requesting the person to change the distance with respect to the at least one visual stimulus.

[0115] Example 22. The method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the at least one command is provided to the person by at least one of the following: Visual cues, especially at least one of a text message or a gesture; Auditory signals, particularly speech output or vibrations, are specifically generated through the use of loudspeakers.

[0116] Example 23. The method described in the previous example, wherein the text information is selected from: An order requiring the person to move closer to or further away from the at least one visual stimulus, particularly the at least one board or screen used to display the at least one visual stimulus; or An order requiring the person to maintain a position relative to the at least one visual stimulus, and in particular the at least one board or screen used to display the at least one visual stimulus.

[0117] Example 24. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one distance is measured at the time point in which the person indicates that he or she perceives the at least one visual stimulus in a manner in which the at least one visual stimulus exhibits equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction and in a direction perpendicular to the direction.

[0118] Example 25. The method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the time point is determined by using at least one of the following: The instructions are given by the person or another person assisting the person, preferably selected from at least one of a parent, nurse, optician, or ophthalmologist, wherein the instructions are provided in particular by generating at least one of the following: ○ Visual cues, especially gestures; ○ Auditory signals, especially voice input, are specifically provided through the use of a microphone; ○ Tactile signals, particularly through the use of at least one of the following: ■ Num keypad; or ■ Touchpad; Continuous distance measurement; Step method; Forced selection method.

[0119] Example 26. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein determining the at least one refractive value of the person's eye by evaluating the input data includes - By using the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye and preferably corrected distance visual acuity To determine the value of the fuzzy vector; - The equivalent spherical power is determined by using at least one distance determined based on a human response, which indicates that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; and - The spherical power and cylindrical power are determined by using the value of the blur vector and the equivalent spherical power.

[0120] Example 27. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the value of the fuzzy vector is defined by using equation (1): (1) In the formula, express and Indicates cylinder power.

[0121] Example 28. According to the method described in the previous embodiment, determining the value of the fuzzy vector includes using equations (2) and (3): (2) In the formula ， (3) In the formula, This represents the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye, and in the formula, It indicates the corrected visual acuity of a person's eye at long distances.

[0122] Example 29. The method described in any of the first two examples, wherein determining the equivalent spherical power includes using equation (4): (4) In the formula, This indicates the distance determined based on the person's response, which indicates that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in the direction perpendicular to that direction.

[0123] Example 30. The method described in any of the first two examples, wherein the spherical power is determined. And the cylindrical power This includes using equations (5) and (6): (5) (6)

[0124] Example 31. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes controlling the accommodation of the person's eyes, wherein the accommodation of the person's eyes is controlled while the person is viewing the at least one visual stimulus, particularly by using retinal light microscopy.

[0125] Example 32. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the other eye of the person whose refractive value is undetermined is blocked, preventing it from seeing the at least one visual stimulus displayed to that eye, particularly by at least one of the following: - Close the other eye; or - Cover the other eye, specifically by using a covering, preferably cardboard, or the hand of the person or another person.

[0126] Example 33. A computer program for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, the computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0127] Example 34. A field apparatus for generating input data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the field apparatus is configured to perform a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, the method comprising the steps of: a) Generate input data, which is configured to include Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; The direction of the astigmatic meridian in this person's eyes; The distance between the person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eyes, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is aligned simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to the direction; The input data is transmitted to a remote device via a connection interface to determine at least one refractive value of the person's eye by assessing the distance between the person's eye and the at least one visual stimulus, the distance being determined based on the person's response indicating that the person has perceived the at least one visual stimulus to have equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction.

[0128] Example 35. The field device according to the previous embodiment, wherein the field device is at least one of the following: - Smartphones; - Smartwatch; - Smart glasses; - Augmented reality glasses; - Virtual reality glasses; - Desktop computer; - Laptop computers; - Tablet PC; or - Smart TV.

[0129] Example 36. A remote device for generating result data for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the remote device is configured to perform a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the remote device receives input data provided by a field device, preferably according to any one of the preceding two embodiments, through a connection interface, wherein the method includes the following steps: b) Generate result data, which is configured to include At least one refractive value of the human eye, wherein the at least one refractive value of the human eye is determined by evaluating input data; The input data includes the distance between the person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus, which is determined based on the person's response, indicating that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in the direction perpendicular to the astigmatic meridian.

[0130] Example 37. The remote device according to the previous embodiment, wherein the remote device is at least one of the following: - Server; or - Cloud server, Furthermore, the connection interface is selected from at least one of the following: - Network interface controller; or - Launcher.

[0131] Example 38. A data carrier signal carrying result data generated by the method according to any one of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0132] Example 39. A determining apparatus for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the apparatus is configured to perform a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye, wherein the method includes the following steps: a) Generate input data, which is configured to include Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; The direction of the astigmatic meridian in this person's eyes; The distance between the person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eyes, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is aligned simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to the direction; b) Generate result data, which is configured to include At least one refractive value of the human eye, wherein the at least one refractive value of the human eye is determined by evaluating input data; The distance between the person's eye and the at least one visual stimulus is determined based on the person's response, which indicates that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in the direction perpendicular to the astigmatic meridian.

[0133] Example 40. The determining device according to the previous embodiment, wherein the determining device is at least one of the following: - Smartphones; - Smartwatch; - Augmented reality glasses; - Virtual reality glasses; - Desktop computer; - Laptop computers; - Tablet PC; or - Smart TV.

[0134] Example 41. A method for generating a geometric model of at least one spectacle lens for manufacturing at least one spectacle lens, wherein the geometric model for generating the at least one spectacle lens includes... - Data associated with the at least one refractive value is determined by performing a method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye in a vision testing procedure, wherein the vision testing procedure includes at least one test cycle, preferably at least two subsequent test cycles, wherein each test cycle includes at least the following steps: a) Generate input data, which is configured to include Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye ; The direction of the astigmatic meridian in this person's eyes; The distance between the person's eyes and at least one visual stimulus displayed to the person's eyes, wherein the at least one visual stimulus is aligned simultaneously in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to the direction; b) Generate result data, which is configured to include At least one refractive value of the human eye, wherein the at least one refractive value of the human eye is determined by evaluating input data; The distance between the person's eye and the at least one visual stimulus is determined based on the person's response, which indicates that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in the direction perpendicular to that direction; and - Use the resulting data to generate a geometric model of at least one spectacle lens for the person's eye.

[0135] Example 42. A method for producing at least one spectacle lens, wherein the at least one spectacle lens is produced by processing at least one lens blank using a geometric model of the at least one spectacle lens, the geometric model being generated by using the method according to the previous embodiment. Attached Figure Description

[0136] Further optional features and embodiments of the invention are disclosed in more detail in the following description. As those skilled in the art will recognize, each optional feature can be implemented in isolation and in any feasible combination. It is emphasized here that the scope of the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 An exemplary determining device for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye is shown; and Figure 2 A method for determining at least one refractive value of a human eye is demonstrated. Detailed Implementation

[0137] Figure 1 An exemplary determining device 110 is shown for determining at least one refractive value 212 of a human eye 112. The determining device 110 is configured to perform a method 210 for determining at least one refractive value 212 of a human eye 112 in a manner described in detail below. Figure 1 The exemplary determining device 110 shown is a smartphone 114, which includes both a local device and a remote device as defined above. Alternatively or additionally, the determining device 110 may be at least one of the following: a smartwatch, augmented reality glasses, virtual reality glasses, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or a smart TV; however, it may also be feasible to use different types of remote devices. Alternatively or additionally, it may also be feasible to use separate devices for the local device and the remote device as described in more detail above.

[0138] Accordingly, a portion of the method 210 for determining at least one refractive value 212 of a human eye 112 is in Figure 1The method is exemplarily presented as a computer-implemented method. However, at least one refractive value 212 of a person's eye 112 can also be determined manually (not depicted here), as described in more detail above. Typically, a person may be able to perform all the steps of method 210 for determining at least one refractive value 212 of the eye 112, as assumed in this exemplary illustration. However, if desired or required, the person may be accompanied by another person assisting that person, wherein the accompanying person may preferably be selected from parents and / or nurses and / or opticians and / or ophthalmologists.

[0139] like Figure 1 The exemplary determining device 110, schematically depicted, includes a screen 116 configured to display at least one visual stimulus 118 to a human eye 112. As shown, the exemplary single visual stimulus 118 displayed to the human eye 112 is a crosshair 120. However, it is also feasible to use at least one different type of visual stimulus 118, which may be specifically selected from the following: more lines, specifically wherein these lines are grouped in such a way that at least two lines are oriented in the direction of the astigmatic meridian and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; and / or a sun wheel or astigmatic scale; and / or a Raubitschek diagram; and / or at least two Gabor spots; and / or a grid; and / or a Snellen E diagram, particularly as described in more detail above.

[0140] Additionally, the exemplary determining device 110 further includes a distance measuring device 122. As depicted, the distance measuring device 122 can be implemented by an image capturing device, specifically the front-facing camera 124 of a smartphone 114. However, it is also feasible to use different types of distance measuring devices 122 (e.g., sensor-based capturing devices, particularly infrared emitters and detectors, LiDAR modules, Bluetooth modules). As another alternative or additionally, the distance measuring device 122 can be: an ultra-wideband unit, which in particular includes at least two communication devices; or a stand-alone measuring device, particularly when the measurement can be performed manually by a person, specifically by using a ruler (especially a pocket ruler, telescopic folding ruler, or measuring rod) or a pocket laser rangefinder. By using the distance measuring device 122, at least one distance 126 between a person's eye 112 (in particular a portion of the retina 128 including the macula) and the location of the at least one visual stimulus 118 on the screen 116 is measured.

[0141] like Figure 1 As schematically illustrated, the human eye 112 has a shape that causes incident light to potentially not focus properly on the retina 128 of the eye 112, resulting in defocusing of the eye 112. This observation corresponds to the definition of the term "refractive value." Figure 1 In the exemplary arrangement, the at least one refractive value 212 of the eye 112 may include values ​​for spherical power, cylindrical power, and cylindrical axis, and thus indicates astigmatism. As a result, the image of the cross 120, which serves as visual stimulus 118, cannot be displayed in a clear manner on the retina 128 of the eye 112 as a whole. Instead, visual perception of at least a portion of the cross 120, as used herein as exemplary visual stimulus 118, may generally be blurred.

[0142] like Figure 1 Further schematically illustrated in section 130, the crosshair 120 displayed as visual stimulus 118 on the screen 116 of the smartphone 114 has a vertical line 132 and a horizontal line 134, wherein the vertical line 132 is oriented in the astigmatic meridian direction of the human eye 112, while the horizontal line 134 is oriented in a direction perpendicular to that direction, or vice versa. Due to this specific orientation of the lines 132, 134 included in the crosshair 120, a first distance 136 exists between the screen 116 of the smartphone 114 and the retina 128 of the eye 112, at which point only the visual perception of the vertical line 132 is clear, while the horizontal line 134 is blurred. Similarly, a second distance 138 exists between the screen 116 of the smartphone 114 and the retina 128 of the eye 112, at which point only the visual perception of the horizontal line 134 is clear, while the vertical line 132 is blurred.

[0143] As disclosed in EP 3 730 038 A1, both distances 136 and 138 can be used to determine the refractive error of a person's eye 112. However, the present invention uses a different approach to determine the refractive error of a person's eye 112 in a more accurate and reliable manner. Accordingly, the person's indication of how they perceive the cross 120 as an exemplary visual stimulus 118 provides a desired distance 140 for an equivalent blurred response to the vertical line 132 and the horizontal line 134, which is here used to determine the refractive error of the person's eye 112.

[0144] To determine the desired distance 140, the distance 126 between the retina 128 of the human eye 112 and the screen 116 used to display the visual stimulus 118 can vary within the clear vision range 142, so that the distance measuring device 122 can measure the distance 126, in particular, in a continuous manner, until the person provides a response in which the cross 120 is perceived as having the desired equivalent blur in both lines 132 and 134. Alternatively, the desired distance 140 can be measured at the following time points: when the person provides a response in which the cross 120 is perceived as having the desired equivalent blur in both the vertical line 132 and the horizontal line 134; or immediately thereafter.

[0145] To change the distance between a person's eyes 112 and visual stimulus 118, at least one command can be provided to the person, instructing them to change the distance 126. In this document, the at least one command can be provided to the person via a visual signal, particularly by providing a text message or gesture, which can specifically be provided via the screen 116 of a smartphone 114. In this document, the text message can be selected from: Commands requiring a person to move closer to or further away from visual stimulus 118, particularly screen 116 used to display visual stimulus 118; or An instruction requiring a person to maintain a position relative to visual stimulus 118, and in particular relative to screen 116 used to display visual stimulus 118.

[0146] However, it is also conceivable to use different text information. Alternatively or additionally, auditory signals, particularly voice output or vibration, can be generated, specifically by using a speaker 144, which may further be included in the smartphone 114.

[0147] To provide a desired response, a person can generate visual signals, particularly gestures, which can be specifically received by the front-facing camera 124 of the smartphone 114. Alternatively or additionally, a person can provide auditory signals, particularly voice input, which can be specifically recorded using a microphone 146 further included in the smartphone 114. As another alternative or additionally, a person can provide tactile signals, particularly using a keypad or touchpad 148, which can be further displayed on the screen 116 of the smartphone 114.

[0148] Additionally, the exemplary determining device 110, particularly the smartphone 118, may further include a processing device 150 configured to generate input data and result data. For this purpose, the determining device 110, particularly the smartphone 118, may further include a storage device 152 configured to store the input data and result data. Alternatively or additionally, the storage device 152 may be or include an external storage device (not depicted here) configured to store the input data and result data, or a portion thereof, that can be accessed by the processing device 150 preferably via a network, particularly via the Internet. Accordingly, the value of the desired distance 140 between the human eye 112 and the at least one visual stimulus 118 can be stored as input data in the storage device 152 after being determined in the manner exemplarily described above.

[0149] like Figure 2The method 210, illustratively illustrated for determining at least one refractive value 212 of a human eye 112, includes generating input data 214 configured to include values ​​for each of the following: The expected distance 140 between the human eye 112 and at least one visual stimulus 118 is determined in a manner as described in detail above; Uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye (112) 216; Optionally, the corrected distance visual acuity of the human eye 112 218; and The astigmatic meridian of the human eye is 112° in the direction of 220°.

[0150] As described in more detail above, uncorrected distance visual acuity 216 corresponds to the visual acuity of the human eye 112 in resolving at least one fine detail at the far point distance of the human eye 112. To determine the uncorrected far-distance visual acuity of the human eye 112... 216, can perform corresponding measurements known in the prior art. Alternatively or additionally, for this purpose, the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye 112 can be used. The known value of 216. Regardless of the method used to determine it, the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the human eye is 112. The value of 216 can be stored in storage device 152 as another input data.

[0151] As described in further detail above, the corrected distance visual acuity of the human eye (112) 218 can be easily achieved by using an estimate. This process corresponds to the formula of Raasch et al., see above. Alternatively, the corrected distance visual acuity of the human eye 112... It is possible to further utilize the corrected distance visual acuity from a known prescription derived from the human eye 112. The known value of 218 is determined, preferably together with another estimate, particularly the person's age and / or race and / or sex, for further correction, wherein a statistical model may be applied. Alternatively, another measurement of the person's eye 112 may be performed while the person is using an optical lens with at least one known refractive value. For this purpose, similarly, corresponding measurements known in the prior art may be performed. Regardless of the method used for determination, the corrected distance visual acuity of the person's eye 112... The value of 218 can be stored in storage device 152 as another piece of input data.

[0152] As described in further detail above, the astigmatic meridian direction 220 of the human eye 112 can be determined by a known value from a known prescription of the human eye 112 and / or another estimate and / or by another measurement when the person is not using an optical lens for the human eye 112 and another response of the person indicates that the human eye 112 exhibits astigmatism. To perform this additional measurement, at least one additional visual stimulus can be used, which is particularly selected from: at least one line or more lines, particularly wherein the multiple lines are grouped in such a way that at least two of the multiple lines are oriented in different directions; and / or a sun wheel or astigmatic scale; and / or a Raubitschek diagram; and / or a Gabor spot; and / or a grid; and / or a cross; and / or a Snellen E diagram; and / or a Landorte C diagram, particularly as described in more detail above. Regardless of the method used for determination, the value of the astigmatic meridian direction 220 of the human eye 112 can be stored in the storage device 152 as another piece of input data.

[0153] In general, input data 214 can be generated in any manner and time series. Preferably, uncorrected distance visual acuity can be determined for the same human eye 112 before determining the value of the desired distance 140 between the human eye 112 and at least one visual stimulus 118. A value of 216, optionally corrected distance visual acuity The values ​​218 and 220 in the astigmatic meridian direction are stored in the storage device 152. However, it is also possible to use different methods, such as determining the value of the desired distance 140 and then determining the uncorrected distance visual acuity. One or more values ​​of 216, optionally corrected distance visual acuity One or more values ​​of 218 and one or more values ​​of 220 in the astigmatic meridian direction.

[0154] like Figure 2 As further illustrated schematically, method 210 includes generating result data 222. As described in more detail above, result data 222 is configured to include at least one refractive value 212 of a human eye 112. To determine at least one refractive value 212 of a human eye 112, input data 214 is evaluated, particularly by using equations (1) to (6) as presented above. However, different approaches may also be feasible. To evaluate input data 214, the value of the desired distance 140, uncorrected distance visual acuity, etc., are considered. A value of 216, optionally corrected distance visual acuity The values ​​218 and 220 of the astigmatic meridian direction (which, regardless of the method of determination, are preferably stored in storage device 152) can be used as multiple input data 214 for algorithm 224, which is configured to determine at least one refractive value 212 of a human eye 112 as output data. Hereinafter, algorithm 224 can preferably be executed on processing device 150; however, it is also feasible to use an external processing device (not depicted herein) that can be configured to execute algorithm 224 or a portion thereof. In this particular embodiment, processing device 150 can access the external processing device, preferably via a network, particularly via the Internet. Additionally, other arrangements are contemplated for distributing the execution of algorithm 224 to evaluate the input data 214 and generate output data 222.

[0155] like Figure 2 As further illustrated schematically, the resulting data 222 can preferably be used to generate the geometric model 226 of the spectacle lens 228. For example... Figure 2 As further described, geometric model 226 can be used in particular to produce a spectacle lens 228. However, other uses of the resulting data 222 are also possible.

[0156] List of reference numerals 110 Determining Device 112 Eyes 114 Smartphones 116 screens 118 Visual Stimulation 120 crosses 122 Distance measuring device 124 Front camera 126 Distance 128 Retina Section 130 132 Vertical lines 134 Horizontal Line 136 First Distance 138 Second Distance 140 (desired) distance 142 Clear visual range 144 speakers 146 microphones 148 Touchpad 150 processing unit 152 Storage devices 210 Methods for determining the refractive value of the human eye 212 refractive value 214 Input Data Uncorrected distance visual acuity V of 216 people's eyes sc Corrected distance visual acuity V of 218 people's eyes cc 220 Meridian Direction 222 Results Data 224 Algorithm 226 Geometric Model 228. Eyeglass lenses.

Claims

1. A method (210) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), the method (210) comprising the steps of: a) Generate input data (214), which is configured to include The person's uncorrected distance visual acuity (112) (216); The direction of the astigmatic meridian of the person’s eye (112) is (220); The distance (140) between the person’s eye (112) and at least one visual stimulus (118) displayed to the person’s eye (112), wherein the at least one visual stimulus (118) is aligned simultaneously in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to the astigmatic meridian; b) Generate result data (222), which is configured to include At least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112), wherein the at least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112) is determined by evaluating the input data (214). Its features are, The distance (140) between the person’s eye (112) and the at least one visual stimulus (118) is determined based on the person’s response, which indicates that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus (118) has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian (220) and in the direction perpendicular to the direction.

2. The method (210) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The at least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112) includes the following values: - Spherical power; - Cylinder power; and - Cylinder axis, wherein the cylinder axis corresponds to the astigmatic meridian direction (220) of the person's eye; and - Optionally, add optical power, especially for the visual field that is near or intermediate.

3. The method (210) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Uncorrected distance visual acuity (216) is determined by performing a measurement when the person is not using an optical lens to correct at least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112).

4. The method (210) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The input data (214) is configured to further include the person's corrected distance visual acuity (112). (218), wherein the corrected distance visual acuity of the person's eye (112) (218) is determined by using at least one of the following: - Another measurement was taken while the person was using an optical lens for the person's eye (112); - An estimate, wherein the estimate is preferably determined by using at least one of the following: ○ The person's age; ○ The person's race; ○ The person's gender; ○ The corrected distance visual acuity from the known prescription of the person's eye (112) The known value of (218); ○ Corrected distance visual acuity The value of (218) ○ Statistical model.

5. The method (210) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The direction (210) of the astigmatic meridian of the person's eye (112) is determined by at least one of the following: - Known values ​​from known prescriptions; or - Another estimate; - Another measurement was taken when the person was not using an optical lens for the person's eye (112), and the person indicated that the person's eye (112) showed another response of astigmatism.

6. The method (210) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The at least one distance (140) is measured at a time point in which the person indicates that he or she perceives the at least one visual stimulus (118) in a manner that the at least one visual stimulus exhibits equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to that direction, wherein the time point is determined by using at least one of the following: The instructions are given by the person or another person assisting the person, preferably selected from at least one of a parent, nurse, optician, or ophthalmologist, wherein the instructions are specifically provided by at least one of the following: ○ Visual cues, especially gestures; ○ Auditory signals, particularly speech input, are provided specifically through the use of a microphone (146); ○ Tactile signals, particularly through the use of at least one of the following: ■ Numeric keypad (148); or ■ Touchpad; Continuous distance measurement; Step method; Forced selection method.

7. The method (210) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Determining at least one refractive value (212) of a person's eye (112) by evaluating the input data includes - By using the uncorrected distance visual acuity of this person's eye (216) and preferably the corrected distance visual acuity (218) Determine the value of the fuzzy vector; - The equivalent spherical power is determined by using at least one distance (140) determined based on the person's response, which indicates that the at least one visual stimulus (118) has equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; and - The spherical power and cylindrical power are determined by using the value of the blur vector and the equivalent spherical power.

8. The method (210) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The value of the fuzzy vector is defined using equation (1): ， (1) In the formula, express and Indicates cylinder power, The determination of the value of the fuzzy vector includes using equations (2) and (3): ， (2) In the formula ， (3) In the formula, This represents the uncorrected distance visual acuity of the person's eye (216), and in the formula, This represents the corrected distance visual acuity of the person's eye (218), wherein determining the equivalent spherical power includes using equation (4): ， (4) In the formula, The distance (140) determined based on the person's response indicates that the at least one visual stimulus (118) has equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to that direction, and wherein the spherical power is determined. And the cylindrical power This includes using equations (5) and (6): ， (5) (6)。 9. A computer program for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), the computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method (210) according to any one of the preceding claims.

10. A field device for generating input data (214) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), wherein, The field device is configured to perform at least the following steps in a method (210) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), the method including the following steps: a) Generate input data (214), which is configured to include The person's uncorrected distance visual acuity (112) (216); The astigmatic meridian direction of the person’s eye (112) is (210); The distance (140) between the person’s eye (112) and at least one visual stimulus (118) displayed to the person’s eye (112), wherein the at least one visual stimulus (118) is aligned simultaneously in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to the astigmatic meridian; Its features are, The input data (214) is transmitted to a remote device via a connection interface to determine at least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112) by evaluating the distance (140) between the person's eye (112) and the at least one visual stimulus (118), the distance being determined based on the person's response indicating that the person has perceived the at least one visual stimulus (118) to have equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to that direction.

11. A remote device for generating result data (222) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), wherein, The remote device is configured to perform at least the following steps in a method (212) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), wherein the remote device receives input data (214) provided by a field device via a connection interface, the method comprising the following steps: b) Generate result data (222), which is configured to include At least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112), wherein the at least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (222) is determined by evaluating the input data (214). Its features are, The input data (214) includes the distance (140) between the person's eye (112) and the at least one visual stimulus (118), which is determined based on the person's response indicating that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus (118) has equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to that direction.

12. A data carrier signal carrying result data generated by the method (210) according to any one of the preceding method claims.

13. A determining device (110) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), wherein, The determining device (110) is configured to perform a method (210) for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a human eye (112), wherein the method (210) includes the following steps: a) Generate input data (214), which is configured to include The person's uncorrected distance visual acuity (216); The direction of the astigmatic meridian of the person's eye is (220). The distance (140) between the person’s eye (112) and at least one visual stimulus (118) displayed to the person’s eye (112), wherein the at least one visual stimulus (118) is aligned simultaneously in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to the astigmatic meridian; b) Generate result data (222), which is configured to include At least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112), wherein the at least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112) is determined by evaluating the input data (214). Its features are, The distance (140) between the person’s eye (112) and the at least one visual stimulus (118) is determined based on the person’s response, which indicates that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus (118) has equivalent blurring in the direction of the astigmatic meridian (220) and in the direction perpendicular to the direction.

14. A method for generating a geometric model (226) for producing at least one spectacle lens (228), wherein, Generating the geometric model (226) of the at least one spectacle lens (228) includes: - Data associated with the at least one refractive value (212) of a person's eye (112) is determined by performing a method for determining at least one refractive value (212) of a person's eye (112) in a vision testing procedure, wherein the vision testing procedure includes at least one test cycle, preferably at least two subsequent test cycles, wherein each test cycle includes at least the following steps: a) Generate input data (214), which is configured to include The person's uncorrected distance visual acuity (112) (216); The direction of the astigmatic meridian of the person’s eye (112) is (220); The distance (140) between the person’s eye (112) and at least one visual stimulus (118) displayed to the person’s eye (112), wherein the at least one visual stimulus (118) is aligned simultaneously in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to the astigmatic meridian; b) Generate result data (222), which is configured to include At least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112), wherein the at least one refractive value (212) of the person's eye (112) is determined by evaluating the input data (214). The distance (140) between the person's eye (112) and the at least one visual stimulus (118) is determined based on the person's response, which indicates that the person has perceived that the at least one visual stimulus (118) has equivalent blurring in the astigmatic meridian direction (220) and in a direction perpendicular to that direction; and - By using the resulting data (222), a geometric model (226) of the at least one spectacle lens (228) for the eye (112) of the person is generated.

15. A method for producing at least one spectacle lens (228), wherein, The at least one spectacle lens (228) is produced by processing at least one lens blank using a geometric model (226) of the at least one spectacle lens (228), the geometric model being generated by using the method described in accordance with the preceding claim.

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