Circulating closed-circuit hydroelectric power station

Abstract

A horizontal, vertically movable, watertight paradoxical membrane is vertically raised and lowered in the lower part of a combined container. The combined container has a characteristic shape and consists of a lower and an upper section. The lower section of the container has a much larger diameter or cross-section and a much lower height than the upper section. The upper section of the combined container is a long, vertical pipe with a small diameter. The lower and upper sections of the combined container are connected to each other. A control valve is located on the long vertical pipe near the connection point with the lower section of the combined container. When the control valve opens, a continuous column of combined water is formed in the combined container. The raising of the paradoxical membrane forces water above the membrane out of the lower section of the combined container. Water enters the long vertical pipe from the lower section. Water flows out of the combined container at the top of the long vertical pipe. The water raised to a higher level is primarily used for power generation in hydroelectric power plants. Secondly, the water raised to a higher level can be used for another useful purpose. The paradoxical membrane is an integral part of every closed-loop hydroelectric power plant, rising and lowering within the lower section of the combined container. Circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power plants can be classified according to their structural design. Another important classification method is based on the method of raising the paradox membrane. A circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power plant is a closed system in which a finite amount of water circulates in a process that is repeated cyclically.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant. This closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant is a closed hydroelectric power plant in which a limited amount of water is circulated, and the process is repeated cyclically. Furthermore, this invention also relates to raising water to a higher water level for any purpose. Background Technology

[0002] Due to its purity, electricity is the perfect form of energy. Therefore, it is considered the ideal solution to meet humanity's energy needs. The demand for electricity is enormous, but existing power generation solutions only provide a small fraction of the total need. Furthermore, electrical energy should replace all other impure energy forms in use within the shortest possible time. This fact further underscores the immense need for electricity. Significant efforts have been devoted to finding high-quality solutions in this field, but so far, little success has been achieved. Among these attempts, I have included two of my patent applications, which are not particularly relevant in the field of hydroelectric power plants. At the same time, I realized I had overlooked crucial details that would completely change everything. This is why I decided to draft this new patent application, which I will explain below. Summary of the Invention

[0003] I will divide this chapter as follows: In point 1, I will explain in detail the basic solution for a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power station. In points 2 and 3, I will explain the second and third solutions for a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power station. These are two solutions with hydraulic systems. In point 4, I will explain the solution without a hydraulic system. In the chapter "Detailed Implementation," I will explain the fifth solution for a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power station. This type of closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power station does not have a hydraulic system.

[0004] 1.) Basic Solution for Circulating Closed-Circuit Hydropower Stations First, I will explain the essence of this matter. The imagined scenario is explained as follows: In a container with a specific shape, a smaller amount of water may exert a greater pressure on the bottom of the container than the weight of the water in the container itself. An example is a container with a larger cross-sectional area or diameter at the bottom and a smaller cross-sectional area and diameter at the top. This specific shape of the container has been the focus of our discussion until the explanation concludes. As an example, the bottom of the container has a cuboid shape. The internal dimensions of the bottom of the container are: length 10 meters, width 10 meters, and height 1 meter. For example, the top of the container is a vertical pipe 100 meters long and 250 millimeters in diameter. The top of this combined container is filled with water. The total hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the container is 10,000 tons. In other words, the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the container is 100 tons per square meter. The volume of water in the top of the container is 4.9 cubic meters, and its weight is 4.9 tons. In this case, the total load of water in the combined container of 104.9 tons causes a hydrostatic pressure of 10,000 tons at the bottom of the container. Now, I will slightly modify this entire situation. I will slightly increase the height of the lower part of the combined container. I will place a scale on the bottom of this new container. I will place a horizontal, vertically movable watertight membrane on the scale. Below, I will call this membrane the Paradox membrane. I will assume the Paradox membrane weighs 10 tons. The Paradox membrane is positioned exactly where the bottom of the first container is. This means that the combined water column remains unchanged compared to the previous situation. The Paradox membrane loads the previously described combined water column from above. The question is what happens on the upper and lower sides of the Paradox membrane. The same hydrostatic pressure that previously acted on the bottom of the combined container now acts on the Paradox membrane from above. A hydrostatic pressure of 100 tons per square meter acts on the Paradox membrane from the top. And what about the lower side of the membrane? What does the scale showing the Paradox membrane indicate? The scale shows a load of 114.9 tons. This load is the sum of the weight of the combined water column and the Paradox membrane. The scale is the tool I use to draw this conclusion; this is the essence of my idea. The hydrostatic pressure acting on the paradox membrane from above does not transfer to the lower side of the membrane. Based on this key fact, I will construct a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant below. The shape of the combined container, the natural properties of water, and the paradox membrane are key to the operation of this hydroelectric power plant. The paradox membrane in the simple closed system I will explain below is the means to achieve the generation of an unlimited amount of pure electrical energy. The closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant is a closed system in which completely, literally, clean electricity is generated. The essence of this hydroelectric power plant is to replace the aforementioned scale with a hydraulic lifting system. The goal of the process in the closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant is to use the paradox membrane in the combined container to lift a large amount of water to a significantly higher water level. I will divide the closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant into two parts. In the first part, the first stage of the process is performed. In the first stage, a large amount of water is lifted from a lower water level to a higher level. The second stage of the process is performed in the second part of the closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant.In the second stage, the raised water descends through pipes from a height, passes through the turbine, and is collected in a basin below the turbine. After the first stage of the process is completed, the system is filled with water from the basin. Alternatively, the raised water is collected at the top below the opening of a long vertical pipe. After the first step of the process is completed, the raised water descends as a continuous column through hydraulic pipes, passes under pressure through the turbine, and directly fills the system. In either case, there is a smaller or larger tank below the opening at the top of the long vertical pipe. During system filling, the space below the combined container above the paradox membrane is filled. Before filling the system, the regulating valve at the bottom of the upper part of the combined container, i.e., at the bottom of the long vertical pipe, is closed. The raised water descends as a continuous column through pipes from a height. This ensures maximum energy utilization of the water raised to a higher level. There is nothing particularly important to add to this brief and simple explanation of the second step of the process in the basic solution of a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant. The procedure is repeated continuously in a cycle. This is why the power plant is called a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant. The first part of the closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant is a large combined container consisting of a lower and an upper section. This combined container is essentially the same as the previously described combined container. The lower section has a much larger cross-section than the upper section, and its height is much smaller. The shape of the lower section is a regular geometric shape, such as a cuboid, a vertical cylinder, or some other shape. Continuing the explanation, I will assume the lower section is a cuboid. The lower and upper surfaces of the cuboid are horizontal, and the four remaining surfaces are vertical. The horizontality and verticality of the lower section of the combined container are prerequisites for the successful operation of the processes within it. The length and width of the cuboid are 10 meters. The hydraulic system rests on a horizontal base plate of the lower section of the combined container. The hydraulic system consists of a hydraulic platform resting on columns. The columns of the hydraulic system are located on the horizontal base plate. For example, the height of the columns is 2.5 meters. This allows humans to access the space beneath the hydraulic platforms for any purpose. A paradoxical membrane is located on the platform of the hydraulic system. Above the paradoxical membrane is a water column 10 meters long, 10 meters wide, and 1 meter high. The total height of the lower part of the combined vessel is the sum of the heights of three parts: the height of the hydraulic system, the thickness of the paradox membrane, and a 1-meter-high water column. For example, a vertical pipe with a diameter of 250 mm and a height of 100 meters is connected to the upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel. A regulating valve is located on the vertical pipe slightly above the junction of the lower and upper parts of the combined vessel. Typically, the upper pipe is always filled with water to the top. To more simply understand the first part of a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant, I will list its basic components from lowest to highest. A hydraulic lifting system is located on the lower surface of the lower part of the combined vessel. A horizontal, vertically movable, watertight paradox membrane is located on the platform of the hydraulic system. Above the paradox membrane is a 1-meter-high water column, which uniformly loads the membrane across the entire surface. The water column fills the space in the lower part of the combined vessel from the paradox membrane to the upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel.A vertical pipe is connected to the upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel. At the bottom of the vertical pipe, directly above the junction of the lower and upper parts of the combined vessel, there is a regulating valve. These are the basic components of the first part of the simplest circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power plant. The first stage of the process looks like this: The hydraulic system column rests on a basic horizontal plate at the bottom of the combined vessel. The hydraulic platform is lowered to the lowest initial working level. The paradoxical membrane is located on the hydraulic system platform. The process begins by opening the control valve on the vertical pipe. By opening the control valve, a continuous combined water column is formed, consisting of a water column in the lower part of the combined vessel and a water column in the upper part of the combined vessel. Pressurized oil fills the cylinders of the hydraulic platform. This causes the hydraulic system platform to gradually rise vertically. The hydraulic system platform raises the paradoxical membrane. The paradoxical membrane rises vertically upwards, raising the combined water column above it. The rise of the paradoxical membrane forces water to flow from the lower part of the combined vessel into the upper vertical pipe. Raising the hydraulic system and the paradoxical membrane causes water to flow out of the system at the top of the vertical pipe. The hydraulic system and paradoxical membrane platform are raised one meter, causing 100 cubic meters of water to be discharged from the bottom of the combined container. The water is then raised to a height of 100 meters via a long vertical pipe. At the top of the long vertical pipe, water flows out of the system. After raising the hydraulic system and paradoxical membrane, the regulating valve at the bottom of the long vertical pipe is closed. An opening on the upper surface of the lower part of the combined container opens to fill the system with water. Pressure from the hydraulic system is released. Due to its weight, the hydraulic system platform and paradoxical membrane descend vertically. Water fills the space in the lower part of the combined container above the paradoxical membrane, evenly loading the paradoxical membrane onto the entire surface. The water column above the paradoxical membrane additionally causes its vertical descent as well as the descent of the hydraulic system platform. After the hydraulic system and paradoxical membrane have descended to their initial operating position and the system has filled with water, the system filling opening on the upper surface of the lower part of the combined container is closed. The system is ready for a new lifting cycle. The energy value of one cycle of the closed-loop hydroelectric power station is calculated. The maximum load lifted by the hydraulic system at the start of the lifting phase is 114.9 tons. The approximate energy value for one lifting cycle is 24 kWh. The loss in each cycle is the energy required to raise the hydraulic system platform one meter, plus the energy required to perform other actions. The potential energy formula gives the theoretical amount of energy required to lift a load of a certain weight to a certain height. This simple calculation is for orientation. Lifting a 1-ton load to a height of 1 meter consumes 0.002724 kWh of energy. Considering that the weight of the load lifted by the hydraulic system decreases during the lifting process, I assume that the average weight of the load lifted by the hydraulic system is 65.4 tons. Lifting a 65.4-ton load to a height of 1 meter consumes 0.178 kWh of energy. This example clearly illustrates the energy value of one cycle in a closed-loop hydroelectric power station. I will mention four important details related to lifting loads using a hydraulic system. First, since lifting and lowering the hydraulic system is repeated cyclically, it is logical to load it with smaller loads.It should be remembered that each cycle is followed by the next. Second, during the lifting process, the total load lifted by the hydraulic system decreases. The hydraulic system lifts to its maximum load at the beginning of the process and to its minimum load at the end. This is because lifting the hydraulic system causes water to flow out of the system at the top of the long vertical pipe. These two important facts should be considered when designing any closed-loop hydraulic power plant. Third, the fact that the hydraulic system lifts the load vertically greatly contributes to achieving the two most fundamental prerequisites for the successful operation of this process: the vertical lifting and lowering of the hydraulic system and the vertical lifting and lowering of the paradox membrane. Fourth, the hydraulic system is uniformly loaded throughout the duration of the lifting and lowering process. This factor naturally strongly requires that the hydraulic system and the paradox membrane not tilt laterally during the process. Here are a few words about water. Of all the properties of water, I will emphasize two. The first property is that water takes the shape of the container in which it is situated. This characteristic gives rise to the fact that water can rise to a height of 100 meters because the cross-sectional area of ​​the upper part of the combined container is much smaller than that of the lower part. The cross-sectional area of ​​the upper pipe should be just sufficient to avoid interfering with the process during the lifting phase. By selecting the minimum cross-section of the upper vertical pipe, the hydraulic system experiences minimal load during the lifting process, and the system operates perfectly. The second property is that the tangential stress in water is zero. In other words, there is no tangential stress in water. I will emphasize three consequences of this natural property of water. The first property already mentioned is that water will take the shape of the container it is in. Another property is that water can be directed in any direction. This property makes it possible to lift water to a height of 100 meters. The third important fact is that, due to all the properties of water, water turbines have the highest utilization coefficient compared to all other energy converters.

[0005] Explanation of combined containers, paradoxical membranes, and hydraulic systems.

[0006] Composite Container Three key factors enable any closed-loop hydroelectric power plant to function properly: the shape of the combined vessel, the paradoxical membrane, and the natural properties of water. The characteristic shape of the combined vessel is the only detail that can be effectively used in the hydrostatic paradox, and that's what I'm doing.

[0007] Paradox Membrane I named it the paradoxical membrane because it is located in the lower part of the combined vessel. Its specific purpose is to raise the combined water column within the combined vessel. The watertight paradoxical membrane moves vertically up and down in the lower part of the combined vessel. When it moves upward, it raises the water above the membrane to a higher level. In doing so, it utilizes the natural properties of water. The paradoxical membrane is located on a platform of the hydraulic system. It maintains a horizontal position continuously during raising and lowering. The paradoxical membrane is a rigid horizontal steel plate that is structurally reinforced. The purpose of reinforcement is to make the membrane rigid. If the paradoxical membrane were elastic, it would be possible to fail to meet the watertightness requirements during the process. The shape of the paradoxical membrane is adapted to the vertical wall of the lower part of the combined vessel. A short section of square tubing, for example, 200 mm high, is installed on the outer edge (periphery) of the paradoxical membrane. If the lower part of the combined vessel is an upright cylinder rather than a square tubing section, a ring should be installed on the edge of the membrane. The cross-section of the square tubing section is at least smaller than the internal cross-section of the lower part of the combined vessel. The seal is installed on the outer vertical wall of the segment or on the lower vertical wall of the combined container. A more practical and simpler solution is to install the seal on the outer wall of the square segment of the paradox membrane. Therefore, I will ignore the second solution in the following explanation. Through the seal, the paradox membrane and the lower vertical wall of the combined container are in continuous contact throughout the process (both raising and lowering). The main condition that the paradox membrane must meet during the process is watertightness. To achieve this, the paradox membrane must remain in a horizontal position throughout the process. Maintaining the horizontal position of the paradox membrane throughout the process is another condition that must be met for the success of the process. The lower vertical wall of the combined container, in continuous contact with the seal during the process, should be designed to minimize friction between the seal and the vertical wall and to minimize seal wear. In solutions without a hydraulic system, each membrane must have an opening. In the "Specific Embodiment" solution, openings exist on both the membrane in the simple container and the paradox membrane in the combined container. The purpose of the opening on the membrane in the simple container is to allow the membrane to be raised to its initial position. The purpose of the opening on the paradox membrane is to allow the membrane to be lowered to its initial position. During the stage of raising the water to a higher level, the openings on both membranes are sealed, making them impermeable to water. During the stage of returning the membranes to their initial position, the openings on both membranes are opened.

[0008] Hydraulic system The primary function of the hydraulic system is to vertically lift the load loaded from above. Once vertically lifted, the pressure in the hydraulic system is released. The hydraulic system then lowers to its initial position. All details related to the hydraulic system are essential, but I particularly want to emphasize the importance of the vertical lifting and lowering of the hydraulic system. This condition must be met for the entire process to operate smoothly and without problems over extended periods. The hydraulic system for raising the paradoxical membrane is adapted to the shape and size of the paradoxical membrane, as well as the height of the water column above the paradoxical membrane in the lower part of the combined vessel. The most important factors determining the characteristics of the hydraulic system are the size of the load being lifted during the process, the lifting height, and the cross-section of the lower part of the combined vessel. Synchronizing the hydraulic system and hydraulic cylinders is the task of experts in this field. I will mention three practical hydraulic system solutions for raising the paradoxical membrane. In all three solutions, the platform (one or more) of the hydraulic system rests on a column, and the column rests on a horizontal base plate in the lower part of the combined vessel. In the first solution, the platform of the hydraulic system rests on one or more telescopic hydraulic cylinders, and the paradoxical membrane is located on the platform. During the lifting process, the telescopic hydraulic cylinders remain under the same pressure and rise uniformly. Pressure changes in the hydraulic cylinders occur simultaneously in all cylinders. In this way, the basic condition is met: the hydraulic platform and the paradoxical membrane remain in a horizontal position during the lifting process. The lifting of the telescopic hydraulic cylinders causes the hydraulic system platform and the paradoxical membrane to rise. Therefore, the height of the water column above the paradoxical membrane in the lower part of the combined vessel decreases. The lifting phase is completed after the telescopic hydraulic cylinders are fully extended. In the second solution, the hydraulic platforms are stacked on top of each other, with the paradoxical membrane on the uppermost platform. The hydraulic platforms are lifted vertically one after another. Once all hydraulic platforms are lifted, the lifting process is complete. The third solution is a complex lifting system consisting of a hydraulic system and a column structure with platforms. The hydraulic system rests on telescopic columns, and the platform of the hydraulic system has a grid or mesh shape. The column structure with platforms also has telescopic columns. The telescopic columns of the column structure pass through openings in the hydraulic system platform. The platform of the hydraulic system is the platform of the column structure. The telescopic columns of the hydraulic system and the telescopic columns of the column structure rest on a horizontal base surface in the lower part of the combined vessel. The paradoxical membrane is located on a column structure platform, which in turn is situated on a hydraulic system platform, which is supported by a hydraulic cylinder. During lifting, the hydraulic cylinder raises the hydraulic system platform, the column structure, the paradoxical membrane, and the combined water column above the paradoxical membrane within the combined container. Once the hydraulic system platform is fully raised, the column of the column structure is locked. The pressure in the hydraulic system is released, and the column structure takes over the load on the paradoxical membrane and the combined water column above it. In this way, the hydraulic system can be released, raised, and placed in a new working position. After release, the telescopic column of the hydraulic system is raised, the hydraulic system is placed in a new working position, and a new lifting cycle can begin. Within one cycle of a closed-loop hydroelectric power station, this procedure is repeated as planned multiple times. I would like to point out some further details.Both stages of the circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power plant process can and should be partially or fully automated. The cross-section of the lower part of the combined vessel is not necessarily an ideal geometry. Slight variations in the cross-section are realistic due to additional structural details. For example, guides can be installed on the vertical sides or edges of the lower part of the combined vessel, which additionally guides the paradox membrane in the vertical direction. These guides are expected to be installed in the lower part of the combined vessel. In this case, the sealing contact between the guides and the paradox membrane must be continuously watertight against the water above the paradox membrane. The circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power plant can be operated manually, or the energy for system operation can be supplied by an external energy source. A third possibility is a combined solution where, in the initial stage when the hydraulic system load is at its maximum, the energy required to raise the hydraulic system platform is provided by an external energy source. When the load on the hydraulic system decreases, the process continues manually. So far, this paper has explained the simplest circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power plant operating with the assistance of a hydraulic system.

[0009] 2.) Explanation of the second solution for a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant The lower part of the combined container can be made of reinforced concrete, steel, or a combination of these options, in which case the lower part of the combined container is a cubic or cuboid-shaped reinforced concrete object. In terms of height, the lower part is divided into five identical floors. The verticality and horizontality of the object and all floors are conditions that must be met for the normal operation of the process. The object is 10 meters long and 10 meters wide. A hydraulic system is located on the lower surface of each floor. A paradoxical membrane sits on the platform of the hydraulic system. It is loaded by a water column from above. At the start of the lifting process, the water column height is the same on all floors. All hydraulic systems and all paradoxical membranes are identical. Each floor has an opening in the vertical wall below the upper surface. Pipes are connected to the openings. The pipes extend from the outside of the object and connect to the associated long vertical pipe. Control valves are located above the connection between the opening and the pipe. All openings on all floors are thus resolved. On each floor, there are one or more openings to which pipes are connected. Each floor is connected to a long vertical pipe on the outside via openings and pipes. This is the solution for all floors of a closed-loop circulating hydraulic power plant except the top floor. The top floor is constructed to allow long vertical pipes to be connected to the upper surface of the floor. The openings are used both for venting and for filling the system with water. This type of closed-loop circulating hydraulic power plant consists of many more identical independent closed-loop circulating hydraulic power plants. In order to squeeze almost all the water out of the space by raising the paradox membrane, it is necessary to partially modify the shape of the paradox membrane to accommodate the openings. In any case, the paradox membrane can be modified so that almost all the water is squeezed out of the space. Perhaps the most practical solution for the openings is that they are rectangular, with the long side of the rectangular opening in a horizontal position.

[0010] 3.) Explanation of the third solution for closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plants The lower part of the combined container is a reinforced concrete object in the shape of a cube or cuboid. The hydraulic system and the column structure with a platform are located on the bottom surface of the lower part of the combined container. The installation (embedding) of the hydraulic system with the column structure with the platform has been explained earlier. The paradoxical membrane is located on the platform of the column structure, and the platform of the column structure is located on the platform of the hydraulic system. The telescopic columns of the hydraulic system and the telescopic columns of the column structure rest on the bottom plate of the lower part of the combined container. Above the paradoxical membrane is a water column one meter high. A characteristic of this circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power station is that it has several paradoxical membranes. Above each membrane is a water column, which puts a load on the membrane on its upper side. I will assume there are five paradoxical membranes and five water columns in the lower part of the combined container. Above the fifth highest water column is the upper horizontal plate of the lower part of the combined container. The hydraulic system raises the first lowest paradoxical membrane during the lifting phase. During the lifting phase of the hydraulic system, the paradoxical membrane above this first lowest paradoxical membrane (the second paradoxical membrane) is fixed and immovable in its position. It provides resistance to the water column below it and thus directs the water towards the opening in the wall. The second paradoxical membrane is released when all the water is squeezed out of the space between the first and second paradoxical membranes. Further lifting of the hydraulic system causes the first and second paradoxical membranes to rise. Water is squeezed out of the space between the second and third paradoxical membranes. This procedure is repeated until the fifth paradoxical membrane. In the final step of the lifting phase, the hydraulic system lifts all five paradoxical membranes and squeezes water out of the space between the fifth paradoxical membrane and the upper plate at the bottom of the combined container. A horizontally moving cantilever holds the paradoxical membrane in a fixed position. The cantilever moves horizontally into the space of the paradoxical membrane through the vertical walls on all four sides. Pushing the cantilever into the space prevents the membrane from rising or falling, and pulling the cantilever out of the space releases the membrane and allows it to move. Another function of the cantilever is to support the weight of the paradoxical membrane and the weight of the water column above it. The cantilever is a particular detail of this solution and must be properly designed for the normal development of the process. The cantilever is pushed into the space from the top and bottom of the paradoxical membrane. The cantilever above the paradoxical membrane prevents the membrane from moving upwards. The cantilever below the paradoxical membrane bears the weight of the membrane and the weight of the water column above it. Furthermore, these cantilever arms prevent the paradoxical membrane from being lowered. Each paradoxical membrane has its own fixed position and is loaded with a 100-ton water column from the top. By discharging a minimum amount of water from the space between the two paradoxical membranes, the water level of the column is lowered to a minimum. This process achieves separation of the water column from the upper paradoxical membrane. In this way, the spaces in the lower part of the combined vessel are spaced apart from each other. It is not necessary to perform this procedure on the uppermost water column. The space above any paradoxical membrane can be replenished before any stage of raising it, but this is not critical to the operation of the process. Discharging a minimum amount of water from each space in the lower part of the combined vessel is much more important, as this prevents the load from shifting from a higher water level to a lower water level. The following is the first stage of this closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power station. The telescopic column of the hydraulic system rests on the bottom plate of the lower part of the combined vessel. The hydraulic system is released, and the platform of the hydraulic system is at its lowest initial level.The columns of the column structure rest on the base plate, and the platform of the column structure is located on the platform of the hydraulic system. The lowest point of the first paradox membrane is located on the platform of the column structure. The regulating valve on the pipe is open. This allows water to flow through the opening in the vertical wall below the second paradox membrane. The control console is pulled out from the internal space of the lower part of the combined container and releases the first paradox membrane. The hydraulic pump pumps pressurized oil into the cylinder of the hydraulic system. The platform of the hydraulic system gradually rises. The result is the gradual lifting of the column structure platform and the first paradox membrane. The rise of the paradox membrane causes water to be squeezed out from the space between the first and second paradox membranes. The water enters the pipe through the opening in the wall and then enters the long vertical pipe. At the top of the long vertical pipe, the water flows out. When the first paradox membrane rises to the second paradox membrane, the platform of the hydraulic system is at its highest position. The regulating valve and opening below the second paradox membrane are closed. The telescopic column of the column structure is blocked. This allows the hydraulic system to be released and the hydraulic system platform to be lowered to its initial position. By releasing the hydraulic system, the column structure takes over the load from the top. The hydraulic system's telescopic column is extended, and the hydraulic system is raised to a new working position. The hydraulic system once again takes over the total load from the column structure, and the column structure is unblocked. This marks the end of the first step of the first phase of the closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant. In the second step, the hydraulic system raises the first and second paradoxical membranes. The first phase has a total of five steps. In the final step, the hydraulic system raises all five membranes. After completing the fifth step, the process of lowering the hydraulic system, the column structure with the platform, and all five paradoxical membranes begins. The descent is gradual; in the first step, the fifth paradoxical membrane is placed in its initial position, and in the fifth step, the first paradoxical membrane is placed in its initial position. Once the membranes are in their working positions, water can be used to fill the space above the paradoxical membranes. Another possibility is to place all the paradoxical membranes in their initial positions and then fill the system with water. The space between the paradoxical membranes is filled with water through openings in the vertical walls. An alternative solution for the operation of this closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant is a central vertical pipe located on the central axis of the combined vessel. The vertical pipe passes through all the membranes and rests on the bottom plate at the bottom of the combined vessel. The system has as many openings in the vertical pipe as there are paradoxical membranes. During the phase of raising the water to a higher level, one opening is open and the others are closed. The openings in the pipe are closed from the inside using the smallest diameter pipe segment. When the openings are closed, the pipe and pipe segment are in watertight contact via seals. The entire long vertical pipe is filled with water. Alternatively, the pipe below the lowest opening is watertight. Seals are placed between the vertical pipe and each paradoxical membrane. A central pipe is used to raise the water to a higher level, or to raise the water to a higher level and fill the system with water. The central vertical pipe can also be a solution for the circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power plant explained in point two. The disadvantage of this solution is that the circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power plant is no longer independent.

[0011] 4.) Explanation of the fourth solution for closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plants This closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant solution has no hydraulic system. Several pipes connect the two containers in the lower section. Each pipe has a valve to regulate the water flow. The bottoms of the two containers are at the same level. The left container is very simple and has the shape of an upright cylinder. The inner diameter of the left container is 10 meters. The left container is filled with water to a height of 10 meters. For the working process, the containers may or may not have the same diameter. The right container is a combined container consisting of a lower and an upper section. It can be compared with the combined container in the first (basic) solution of the closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant. The lower section of the combined container has the shape of an upright cylinder. The inner diameter of the lower section of the right container is 10 meters, and the height of the lower section is 6 meters. The entire lower section of the combined container is filled with water. The paradox membrane is 5 meters above the bottom of the combined container. Below the paradox membrane is a control console on which the paradox membrane rests. In addition, the control console prevents the membrane from falling. The paradox membrane watertightly separates the 5-meter-high lower cylindrical water column from the 1-meter-high upper cylindrical water column. The upper part of the combined pipeline is a vertical pipe 100 meters long and 250 millimeters in diameter. The pipe diameter can be larger if necessary. A regulating valve is located slightly above the junction of the lower and upper parts of the combined vessel. The paradoxical membrane can move vertically within the lower part of the right vessel. The membrane's movement is limited to the space from the support on which it rests to the upper horizontal surface of the lower part of the combined vessel. If the control valve on the upper part of the combined vessel is open, the paradoxical membrane is loaded from the top by a combined water column weighing 83.45 tons. The weight of the combined water column causes a pressure of 1.0625 tons per square meter or 0.10625 bar on the membrane. If the regulating valve on the pipe connecting the left and right vessels is open, a water column from the left vessel acts on the paradoxical membrane from the bottom. The pressure of the water column from the bottom of the paradoxical membrane is 5 tons per square meter or 0.5 bar. The system is clearly unbalanced. When the valves on the pipe connecting the left and right vessels and the valve on the vertical pipe are open, gravity causes the paradoxical membrane to rise vertically. Raising the paradoxical membrane forces water from the space above it into a long vertical pipe. This is a cylindrical water column 10 meters in diameter and 1 meter high. Water flows out of the pipe at the top. The water column in the left container decreases, and the water column above the paradoxical membrane diminishes. After the paradoxical membrane is raised one meter, all the water is squeezed out from the bottom of the combined container. The water flowing out of the long vertical pipe immediately passes through a water turbine. The water fills the left container as soon as it passes through the turbine. In this case, since the left and right containers have the same diameter, the water level in the left container does not change throughout the process. After the paradoxical membrane is raised to its highest level, the regulating valve on the pipe connecting the left and right containers closes. At this point, the water level in the left container is 10 meters. The regulating valve on the long vertical pipe also closes. The opening on the paradoxical membrane opens. Thus, the membrane can be lowered and returned to its initial position. The paradoxical membrane descends due to its own weight. After the paradoxical membrane is lowered to its initial height and positioned on the control console, the opening on the membrane is watertight closed. A new cycle can be started in the closed-loop hydroelectric power station of this cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the basic solution for a closed-loop hydroelectric power plant, which is explained in point 1 of the "Summary of the Invention" chapter.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a closed-loop hydroelectric power station, which is explained in point 4 of the "Summary of the Invention" chapter.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a closed-loop hydroelectric power plant, which is explained in the chapter on "Detailed Implementation". Detailed Implementation

[0015] The optimal solution for a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant does not include a hydraulic system. This optimal solution is essentially the same as the fourth solution. Another feature of the optimal solution is that the power plant has two watertight, vertically movable membranes. For this purpose, it can be compared to a large-scale hydraulic press. The containers are interconnected via several pipes at or near the bottom of the left and right containers. Each pipe has a valve for regulating the water flow. The bottoms of both containers are at the same level. The left container has the shape of an upright cylinder. The inner diameter of the left container is 10 meters. The left container is filled with water to a height of 10 meters. At a height of 5 meters from the bottom of the left container, there is a watertight, vertically movable membrane. Process regulation in this closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant is carried out using valves on the pipes connecting the left and right containers and valves on the vertically long pipes connecting the combined containers. The membrane in the left container cannot be lowered because it is watertight and the water is incompressible. The membrane is mechanically held in its initial position, which can be achieved in several ways. A movable cantilever, horizontally inserted (sliding) beneath the membrane, serves as a solution for maintaining the membrane at its highest position in the left container. Before the process of lowering the membrane in the left container begins, the horizontally moving membrane is pulled out of the container, freeing up space for lowering the membrane. The opening through which the cantilever moves horizontally has a watertight seal. If practice shows that the cantilever at this level in the left container is unnecessary, then it is not there. Furthermore, in the left container, there is a cantilever above the membrane on the upper side. The cantilever defines the initial position and highest level of the membrane in the left container. One meter below the initial position of the membrane in the left container is the cantilever, which determines the lowest level to which the membrane can be lowered. In the initial position, the left membrane is loaded from the upper side by a cylindrical water column with a height of 5 meters and a diameter of 10 meters. During the process, the membrane is lowered by 1 meter. The right container is a combined container similar to the container described in the fourth solution. The right container consists of a lower part and an upper part. The lower part of the combined container has the shape of an upright cylinder. The inner diameter of the lower part of the right container is 10 meters, and the height of the lower part is 6 meters. The entire lower part of the combined container is filled with water. At a height of 5 meters from the bottom of the right container, there is a paradoxical membrane. Below the paradoxical membrane is a cantilever on which it rests. The paradoxical membrane impermeably separates a lower cylindrical water column of 5 meters in height from an upper cylindrical water column of 1 meter in height. The upper part of the combined container is a vertical pipe 100 meters long and 1 meter in diameter. The pipe diameter can be larger if necessary. A regulating valve is located slightly above the junction of the lower and upper parts of the combined container. In this system configuration, it is clear that the load on the left membrane is significantly greater than that on the right paradoxical membrane, and the system is unbalanced. This unbalanced system is the primary objective. The process in this closed-loop hydroelectric power station is as follows: The regulating valve on the pipe connecting the left and right containers is opened. The control valve on the vertical pipe of the combined container is opened. Due to gravity, the system attempts to reach equilibrium.In this scenario, the vertical force acting from above on the membrane in the left container continuously overcomes the vertical force acting from above on the paradoxical membrane in the right container. The membrane in the left container continues to descend vertically, while the paradoxical membrane in the right container rises vertically. This vertical rise of the paradoxical membrane in the right container forces water from the space above the membrane into a long vertical pipe. The water flows out at the top of the long vertical pipe and is collected in a larger or smaller tank. The water from the tank descends in a continuous column through the pipe and passes through a turbine. The turbine level is slightly higher than the highest initial water level in the left container (1-3 meters). The water passing through the turbine is collected in the left container of the system and fills the container. This means that the force acting on the membrane from above in the left container continuously increases. Furthermore, the force acting from above on the paradoxical membrane in the right container continuously decreases. The first step of the process is complete after all the water has been squeezed out of the space above the right paradoxical membrane and the membrane has been raised to its highest level. The second stage of the process is as follows: The control valve on the long vertical pipe on the right side is closed. The valves on the pipes connecting the left and right containers are closed. The openings on the left membrane and the right paradox membrane are opened. The openings on the membranes allow them to return and be placed in their initial positions. The membrane in the left container is raised to the initial working level. The paradox membrane in the right container is lowered to the initial working level. The membrane in the left container can be made lighter than water. In this case, by opening the opening on the left membrane, buoyancy raises the membrane to the initial level. The paradox membrane in the right container is heavier than water and, due to its weight, sinks to the initial level. After the left and right paradox membranes are placed at the initial level, the openings on both membranes are impermeably closed. The closed-loop circulating hydraulic power plant is ready for a new cycle. This is a concise explanation of the optimal solution for a closed-loop circulating hydraulic power plant. In the "Summary of the Invention" section, the water column above the paradox membrane in the lower part of the combined container is 1 meter high. In reality, the height of the water column above the paradox membrane is, for example, 20 meters, and the diameter of the container is 15 meters. Furthermore, the length of the vertical long pipe is 300 meters, and the diameter is 1.5 meters.

[0016] Industrial applicability A closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant is a closed system in which a limited amount of water circulates throughout the process. Therefore, it is largely independent of natural water flow. Any clean water source can be used for its operation. The primary application of a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant is power generation. A single, optimally designed closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant can generate enough electricity daily to meet the daily needs of a company or one or more villages. In remote areas, it is a reliable source of electricity. Several closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plants can meet the needs of an entire city. I envision closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plants as an inexhaustible source of clean energy. In this context, it is one of the ultimate solutions for meeting all of humanity's energy needs (both electricity and other clean energy forms). Closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plants can also be a source of electricity for hydrogen production. The first step in the process is a perfect solution for raising water to a higher level in a pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant. I will mention that closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plants can also be operated manually. A hydraulic system can be coordinated, allowing two or four people to simultaneously pump oil into the cylinders of the hydraulic system. In the short term, a manually operated closed-circuit hydroelectric power station can adequately meet the daily needs of an average household. Therefore, relying on closed-circuit hydroelectric power stations eliminates the need for long-distance power transmission. With the help of closed-circuit hydroelectric power stations, electricity needs can be met locally.

[0017] List of reference numerals Figure 1 1. Combined container; 2. Lower part of combined container; 3. Lower surface of the lower part of combined container; 4. Column of hydraulic system; 5. Support for hydraulic cylinder; 6. Hydraulic cylinder; 7. Platform of hydraulic system; 8. Paradoxical membrane; 9. Seal; 10. Upper surface of the lower part of combined container; 11. Upper part of combined container (vertical long pipe); 12. Valve for water flow regulation and process regulation; 13. Water tank or pool below the opening at the top of the vertical long pipe; 14. Hydraulic pipe; 15. Water turbine; 16. Valve on hydraulic pipe for regulating water flow through the water turbine; 17. Water tank for water passing through the water turbine; 18. Pipe for filling the system with water; 19. Valve for regulating water filling system. Figure 2 1. Simple container; 2. Piping connecting the simple container and the combined container; 3. Valves for flow regulation and process control; 4. Combined container; 5. Paradoxical membrane; 6. Seal; 7. Fixed support on which the paradoxical membrane rests; 8. Opening on the paradoxical membrane; 9. Upper surface of the lower part of the combined container; 10. Upper part of the combined container (vertical long pipe); 11. Valves on the vertical long pipe for flow regulation and process control; 12. Pool or tank below the opening at the top of the vertical long pipe; 13. Hydraulic pipe; 14. Valves for flow regulation or process control; 15. Water turbine. The arrows indicate the flow of water during the process.

[0018] Figure 3 1 Simple container; 2 Membrane in simple container; 3 Seal; 4 Fixed cantilever on the upper side of the membrane; 5 Horizontally movable cantilever on the lower side of the membrane; 6 Fixed support on which the membrane rests when it is at its lowest level; 7 Opening on the membrane; 8 Pipe connecting simple and combined containers; 9 Valve for flow and process regulation; 10 Combined container; 11 Lower part of combined container; 12 Paradoxical membrane; 13 Seal; 14 Fixed support below the paradoxical membrane; 15 Opening on the paradoxical membrane; 16 Upper surface of the lower part of combined container; 17 Upper part of combined container (vertical long pipe); 18 Valve for flow and process regulation; 19 Pool or tank below the opening at the top of the vertical long pipe; 20 Hydraulic pipe; 21 Valve for flow and process regulation; 22 Water turbine. The arrows indicate the flow of water during the process. The dimensions in all three figures are not strictly related to the interpretation.

Claims

1. This is a basic solution for a closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant with a hydraulic system; the closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power plant is a closed system in which a limited amount of water circulates during power generation, and the process is repeated cyclically; the energy required for the operation of the process is brought into the system from the outside, or the procedure is performed manually; the process can be performed as a combination of these two solutions; the process consists of two stages; in the first stage of the process, the water is raised from a lower water level to a significantly higher water level; the process takes place in a combined container of a specific shape; the lower part of the combined container has a much larger diameter and a much smaller height than the upper part of the container; the lower part of the combined container can have a regular geometry (cube, cuboid, upright cylinder, pentagonal prism). The container is shaped like a hexagonal prism, etc., or some combination of regular geometric shapes; the upper part of the combined container is a long vertical pipe with a large length and a small diameter; on the upper surface of the lower part of the combined container is a connection between the long vertical pipe and the lower part of the combined container; slightly above the connection is a control valve on the long vertical pipe; the first stage of the process begins by opening the regulating valve on the long vertical pipe; by closing the regulating valve at the end of the first stage, the water in the pipe is stored for the next cycle; the upper surface of the lower part of the combined container can be flat or curved; the hydraulic system is located at the bottom of the lower part of the combined container; a horizontal, vertically movable, watertight paradoxical membrane is located on the platform of the hydraulic system; A seal is installed on the outside of the membrane's ring; the paradoxical membrane contacts the vertical wall of the lower part of the combined container through the seal, creating a continuous watertight barrier for the combined water column above the paradoxical membrane; in the first step of the process, a hydraulic cylinder vertically raises the platform of the hydraulic system; the platform of the hydraulic system raises the paradoxical membrane and the combined water column; the raising causes water to be forced to flow from the lower part of the combined container into a vertical pipe; the water flows out at the top of the vertical pipe and is collected in a smaller or larger tank; after all the water has been forced out of the lower part of the combined container, the regulating valve at the bottom of the vertical pipe is closed; the pressure in the hydraulic system is released; the hydraulic system and the paradoxical membrane are lowered to their initial working level; filling the lower part of the combined container significantly promotes the vertical lowering of the paradoxical membrane; the essence of the process in the first stage is to simultaneously use several factors to raise the water to a very high height; The factors enabling this are the vertical mobility and watertightness of the paradoxical membrane, the combined water column, and the natural properties of water; in the second stage of the process, the water lifted from the tank descends in a continuous water column through the hydraulic pipe; the pressurized water passes through the turbine and is collected in a pool below the turbine; the water collected in the pool fills the lower part of the combined container above the paradoxical membrane; the system fills the water through an opening on the upper surface of the lower part of the combined container.

2. A reinforced concrete or steel object with a regular geometric shape is divided into identical floors; each floor forms the lower part of a combined container; each floor connected to its corresponding vertical long pipe is an independent circulating closed-loop hydraulic power station; a hydraulic system is located at the bottom of each floor; a horizontal, vertically movable, watertight paradoxical membrane is located on the platform of each hydraulic system; each floor is filled with water above the paradoxical membrane; one or more openings are located at the top of each floor on the external vertical wall of the object; each opening is connected to a vertical pipe that connects from the top to the corresponding vertical long pipe; in this way, each floor is connected to its corresponding vertical long pipe; the process in each independent circulating closed-loop hydraulic power station operates according to claim 1; the characteristic of the circulating closed-loop hydraulic power station is that the pipe connects the lower and upper parts of the combined container through the openings on the outer wall of the lower part of the combined container.

3. The circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power station has several paradoxical membranes; each paradoxical membrane has a water column above it; the hydraulic system sequentially lifts the paradoxical membranes and squeezes the water between two of the membranes; the lower paradoxical membrane is vertically movable, and the upper paradoxical membrane is fixed; when the hydraulic system lifts the lower paradoxical membrane to the upper paradoxical membrane, the upper membrane is released; the hydraulic system lifts two paradoxical membranes and squeezes water between the second and third membranes, and so on until the end; according to claim 2, the water is forced out through an opening in the vertical wall; the hydraulic system has a telescopic hydraulic cylinder or a columnar structure or combination with a platform.

4. Several pipes connect the two containers in the lower part; each pipe has a valve for regulating water flow; the bottoms of one container and the other container are at the same level; one container is very simple and has the shape of an upright cylinder; the other container is a combined container; the paradoxical membrane is located in the lower part of the combined container and is subjected to pressure from above and below; the combined water column in the combined container applies pressure to the paradoxical membrane from above; the water pressure in the simple container is transmitted to the lower side of the paradoxical membrane; the pressure on the bottom side of the paradoxical membrane is consistently higher than the pressure acting on the upper side of the membrane; therefore, the paradoxical membrane continuously rises vertically, squeezing the water above the membrane into a vertically elongated pipe; in the vertical At the top of the long, straight pipe, water flows out; the horizontal, vertically movable, watertight paradoxical membrane in the combined container moves vertically upward in the lower part of the combined container; the characteristic shape of the combined container, the watertight movement of the paradoxical membrane in the lower part of the combined container, and the natural properties of the water are key factors enabling the phenomenon; water is squeezed from the lower part of the combined container through the long, vertical pipe, and an equal amount of water is obtained at the top of the long, vertical pipe; the phenomenon is that the energy used to lift the paradoxical membrane and the combined water column is much less than the potential energy of the water lifted and collected at the top of the long, vertical pipe; this can only be achieved through the paradoxical membrane in the combined container.

5. The characteristics of this closed-loop hydroelectric power station are that it has two watertight, vertically movable membranes; several pipes connect the two containers in the lower part; each pipe has a valve for regulating water flow; the bottoms of one container and the other container are at the same level; one container is very simple and has the shape of an upright cylinder; the other container is a combined container; the diameter of the simple container is the same as the diameter of the lower part of the combined container; the membrane in the simple container and the paradox membrane have the same diameter and can be completely identical; both containers are filled with water; the watertight, vertically movable membrane is located at a certain height in the simple container; the paradox membrane is at the same height in the lower part of the combined container; the cylindrical water column presses the membrane into the simple container from the upper side; the combined water column applies pressure to the paradox membrane from the upper side; the weight of the water column carrying the membrane in the simple container is significantly greater than the weight of the combined water column carrying the paradox membrane; the system loses balance; gravity opens... The valves on the pipe connecting the container and the valves on the vertical long pipe of the combined container act on the system; the system, the simple container, is lowered, and the paradoxical membrane is raised; the raising of the paradoxical membrane causes water above the membrane to be forced into the vertical long pipe; the water flows out at the top of the vertical long pipe and is collected in a smaller or larger tank; the water descends from the tank in a continuous column through the pipe and passes under pressure through the turbine; the water passing through the turbine fills the simple container; during this process, the weight of the water loading the membrane in the simple container increases, and the weight of the combined water column loading the paradoxical membrane decreases; the process enables minimal or no change in the water level in the simple container; the openings on the two membranes allow them to return to their initial positions; in this closed-loop circulating hydroelectric power station, the system's imbalance, natural gravity, the membrane in the simple container, and the paradoxical membrane in the combined container are used to raise the water to a higher level.

6. The circulating closed-loop hydroelectric power station, wherein a crane pulls the paradox membrane upward from the upper side; a steel cable enters the combined container through the opening at the top of the long vertical pipe and descends to the bottom of the combined container; the paradox membrane is located at the bottom of the combined container; a hook or connector of the steel cable is attached to the paradox membrane on the upper side; in the first stage of the process, the crane raises the paradox membrane.

7. According to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the first step of the process is used to raise water to a higher level in a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station.

8. Use the paradox membrane in a combined container to raise water to a higher level for any purpose.

9. All five systems described in the preceding text generate a significant amount of excess energy in each cycle; if the length of the vertical pipe is increased, the excess energy in each cycle becomes even greater; The fourth and fifth solutions have the lowest energy consumption per cycle; Using these solutions, there is no hydraulic system, and the force driving the system is gravity; In theory, both solutions can be considered permanent relocations; only one condition must be met for it to be true. The condition is that the cyclic process is fully automated and operates permanently—electrical energy is generated by a process that is repeated cyclically within the system.

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